ISTE Standards & TPACK Framework

Why Pedagogy Matters: The Importance of Teaching In A Standards-Based Environment  (Entz, 2007) is a great article (.pdf) that explains and provides a "why" concerning the FHSU mindset regarding the awareness and alignment of the Standards and various frameworks in our graduate programs, including additional research that supports the alignment of the various ISTE Standards (Crompton & Sykora, 2021). While the linked article pertains to P12 education, referring to "pedagogy," it has long been our belief that the same foundational principles apply to adult learning or "andragogy." We believe pedagogy and andragogy apply since our programs have students who may not be P12 educators. In AEP, we strive to bridge the gap between the two worlds of employment. We will utilize the ISTE Standards and TPACK Framework/Model in MIT courses. You are also welcome to align your work with state and/or national education content or professional standards. 

The ISTE Standards

The International Society for Technology in Education Standards (ISTE or "IS-TEE") is an internationally accepted set of standards encompassing all stakeholders within PK12+ educational settings. To receive full credit for aligning with and including any ISTE Standards, please use the following examples regarding citation and justification for how they "fit" into your response, ideas, or thinking framework. Please research, read, and learn the various ISTE roles and standards, and feel free to use/cite the standards for students, educators, education leaders, and (tech) coaches, depending on the scope of your writing or assignment. Ultimately, you must label the standards so we all know which standards you cite to support your writing/ideas/work (see below for formatting support). 

How do I cite and reference the various ISTE Standards using APA 7 formatting? 

ISTE Standards for Students 

Example citation formatting: 

(ISTE, 1.1.a., 2024).

References or Source Formatting:
International Society for Technology in Education. (2024). ISTE standards: Students. ISTE. https://iste.org/standards/students

ISTE Standards for Educators

(ISTE, 2.1.a., 2024).

International Society for Technology in Education. (2024). ISTE standards: Educators. ISTE. https://iste.org/standards/educators

ISTE Standards for Education Leaders 

(ISTE, 3.1.a., 2024).

International Society for Technology in Education. (2024). ISTE standards: Education leaders. https://iste.org/standards/education-leaders

ISTE Standards for Coaches (Tech Coaches)

(ISTE, 4.1.a., 2024).

International Society for Technology in Education. (2024). ISTE standards: Coaches. ISTE. https://iste.org/standards/coaches

What does citing the ISTE Standards look like in my writing?

It is common to cite the standards in your writing to support your ideas and work. You do not need to state the entire standard(s) in your writing, but include an embedded APA citation, and then list the Standards (e.g., Educator, Student, etc.) you cite on your References page at the end. Again, you do not need to write out or list the standards; cite them where they align with your work/projects/ideas. For example, if I were discussing a topic, content, or idea that aligns with a standard, I would include an embedded citation at the end of the sentence for ISTE for Educators standard 2b that would be listed as shown (ISTE, 2.1.b., 2024). 

You are welcome to explore all standards within ISTE and align with those necessary to your current role; however, I urge you to push ahead and see yourself as an education tech leader, thus exploring the standards under Education Leaders. 

How do I reference the different ISTE Standards in my list of References?

Following this paragraph is an example of how to list ISTE in your References or list of sources for the ISTE Standards for Educators, but this will be altered based on what set of standards you are citing/referencing in your written work. References are double-spaced and formatted with a hanging indent in your formal APA 7 document. Per APA 7 rules, if the group name (ISTE) and the site name (ISTE) are the same, you can omit the Site name from the citation (see more on APA e-sources here). 

International Society for Technology in Education. (2024). ISTE standards: Educators. https://iste.org/standards/educators

TPACK or TPCK Framework or Model

The Technological, Pedagogical, and Content Knowledge Framework - 

A great deal is written regarding TPACK, and there is more from Koehler, one of the authors, "What is TPACK?" Additionally, this video does a nice job of explaining before you apply it to your work! Stanford University Teaching Commons also hosts more information and background concerning the TPACK Model, which might also be helpful. Linked is more research written regarding TPACK that may be useful in understanding why schools might adopt a framework such as TPACK. Of course, other models concerning technology integration exist, such as P21, SAMR, etc. TPACK is the adopted guiding framework used in the College of Education at FHSU and is identified in three primary forms of knowledge: Content Knowledge (CK), Pedagogical Knowledge (PK), and Technological Knowledge (TK). Look for more below regarding how to cite and reference TPACK.

TPACK Framework -

Adopted Shared Values and Beliefs for Professional Educators at FHSU (Chart Below):

Candidates = adult students who are in an undergraduate or graduate program in the FHSU College of Education

Students = P12 children 

How do I cite TPACK Framework in my writing?

For the TPACK Framework, you will cite the standard(s) you are aligning with (PCK 4, CK2, etc.), and then your Reference List can list Mishra and Koehler (2006) below as the primary source (Mishra & Koehler, 2006, PK1). Remember, the Purdue website is a beneficial source for understanding how to reference different sources. And some days, when all else fails, I just Google it (e.g., "How do I format an APA Reference from a dissertation?"). 

How do I reference the TPACK Framework in my list of References?

Below is an example of how you list the TPACK Framework in your References. Remember, References are double-spaced, and there is a hanging indent on your formal APA 7 document. 

Mishra, P., & Koehler, M. J. (2006). Technological pedagogical content knowledge: A framework for teacher knowledge. Teachers College Record, 108(6),1017-
          1054. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9620.2006.00684.x  

References

Crompton, H., & Sykora, C. (2021). Developing instructional technology standards for educators: A design-based research study. Computers and
          Education Open, 2, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2021.100044

Entz, S. (2007). Why Pedagogy Matters: The Importance of Teaching in a Standards-Based Environment. Forum on Public Policy Online, 2007(2), 1-25.
            https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1099138.pdf