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Physical Property Vocabulary
Physical Property Vocabulary
Luster: The amount of shine an object has; shiny, sparkly
Luster: The amount of shine an object has; shiny, sparkly
Texture: how the surface of an object feels
Texture: how the surface of an object feels
Buoyancy: the ability of an object to float in a liquid
Buoyancy: the ability of an object to float in a liquid
Viscosity: how thick or thin a liquid is ( if a liquid is viscous it is thick and sticky)
Viscosity: how thick or thin a liquid is ( if a liquid is viscous it is thick and sticky)
Volume: the amount of space that an object takes up; measured in cubic units
Volume: the amount of space that an object takes up; measured in cubic units
Elasticity: an object's ability to stretch and then return to its original shape
Elasticity: an object's ability to stretch and then return to its original shape
Magnetism: metals that are attracted to a magnet; objects that do not have magnetism are repelled by magnets
Magnetism: metals that are attracted to a magnet; objects that do not have magnetism are repelled by magnets
Reflectivity: when an object is able to reflect, or cast back an image or light; a mirror is able to cast back the image of the person looking into it
Reflectivity: when an object is able to reflect, or cast back an image or light; a mirror is able to cast back the image of the person looking into it
Solubility: the ability to dissolve in a liquid
Solubility: the ability to dissolve in a liquid
What is Matter?
What is Matter?
Matter is anything, such as a solid, liquid, or gas, that has weight (mass) and takes up space.
Matter is anything, such as a solid, liquid, or gas, that has weight (mass) and takes up space.
For anything to take up space, it must have volume.
For anything to take up space, it must have volume.
Thinking about it, everything on earth has weight and takes up space, and that means everything on earth is matter!
Thinking about it, everything on earth has weight and takes up space, and that means everything on earth is matter!
Matter can come in 3 main phases- solids, liquids, and gases.
Matter can come in 3 main phases- solids, liquids, and gases.
Fun fact: There are 2 additional phases of matter that are not found commonly:
Fun fact: There are 2 additional phases of matter that are not found commonly:
Plasmas:
Plasmas:
super hot electrically charged gas
super hot electrically charged gas
Bose Einstein Condensates:
Bose Einstein Condensates:
super cold motionless solid
super cold motionless solid
Solids/ Liquids/ Gases
Solids/ Liquids/ Gases
Solids:
Solids:
The particles in solids are arranged in a regular pattern.
The particles in solids are arranged in a regular pattern.
The particles are held together by strong forces.
The particles are held together by strong forces.
These strong forces make the particles difficult to break apart.
These strong forces make the particles difficult to break apart.
The particles in solids are not able to move around. They can vibrate in place, but they do not move around.
The particles in solids are not able to move around. They can vibrate in place, but they do not move around.
You cannot change the volume of solids - even by squishing (compressing) them.
You cannot change the volume of solids - even by squishing (compressing) them.
Liquids:
Liquids:
The particles in liquids are still close, but the forces holding them together are not as strong as in solids.
The particles in liquids are still close, but the forces holding them together are not as strong as in solids.
The particles in liquids are able to move around.
The particles in liquids are able to move around.
These particles can move past each other very easily.
These particles can move past each other very easily.
These particles bump into each other gently.
These particles bump into each other gently.
This makes the particles in liquids easier to break apart than solids.
This makes the particles in liquids easier to break apart than solids.
You cannot squish (compress) a liquid, because the particles are still very close together.
You cannot squish (compress) a liquid, because the particles are still very close together.
Gases:
Gases:
The particles in gases have a lot of space between them.
The particles in gases have a lot of space between them.
The particles in gases move freely.
The particles in gases move freely.
The particles in gases move around, and they move very quickly.
The particles in gases move around, and they move very quickly.
The particles in gases have a lot of energy, so when they bump into each other, they bump and push hard.
The particles in gases have a lot of energy, so when they bump into each other, they bump and push hard.
You can squish (compress) the particles easily, because there is a lot of space between them.
You can squish (compress) the particles easily, because there is a lot of space between them.
Particle Theory of Matter
Particle Theory of Matter
This is a widely believed theory that essentially states that matter is made up of small particles which are constantly moving.
This is a widely believed theory that essentially states that matter is made up of small particles which are constantly moving.
5 main components:
5 main components:
1. All matter is made of tiny particles.
1. All matter is made of tiny particles.
2. All particles of 1 substance are the same.
2. All particles of 1 substance are the same.
3. Different substances are made up of different particles.
3. Different substances are made up of different particles.
4. Particles are always moving. (More energy = more movement)
4. Particles are always moving. (More energy = more movement)
5. There are attractive forces between particles. (Closer together particles = stronger forces)
5. There are attractive forces between particles. (Closer together particles = stronger forces)
In a nutshell:
In a nutshell:
Solids keep their shape, do not flow, are usually hard, and cannot be compressed.
Solids keep their shape, do not flow, are usually hard, and cannot be compressed.
Liquids take the shape of the container, flow easily, cannot be easily compressed, and have particles that move past each other.
Liquids take the shape of the container, flow easily, cannot be easily compressed, and have particles that move past each other.
Gases expand to take the shape of the container and can be compressed.
Gases expand to take the shape of the container and can be compressed.
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