PSA + GCB + C18

Use a PSA+GCB+C18 kit to clean up the extract. Primary and secondary amine exchange (PSA) dSPEs (dispersive solid phase exchange) are used for the removal of acids, polar pigments and sugars; graphitized carbon black (GCB) for the removal of color pigments; and C18 for the removal of lipid and non-polar components.

If analyte recovery is too low, try the extraction again without the C18.