Publications: Before 1993

Books (authored, edited)

Graesser, A. C. (1981). Prose comprehension beyond the word. New York: Springer-Verlag. Link to Book

Graesser, A. C., & Black, J. B. (Eds.). (1985). The psychology of questions. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Link to Book

Graesser, A. C., & Bower, G. H. (Eds.). (1990). The psychology of learning and motivation: Inferences and text comprehension. New York: Academic Press.

Graesser, A. C., & Clark, L. C. (1985). Structures and procedures of implicit knowledge. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.

Lauer, T. W., Peacock, E., & Graesser, A. C. (Eds.). (1992). Questions and information systems. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Link to Book

Refereed Journal Publications (does not include book chapters)

Mandler, G., Worden, P. E., & Graesser, A. C. (1974). Subjective disorganization: Search for the locus of list organization. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 13, 220–235.

Graesser, A. C., & Mandler, G. (1975). Recognition memory for the meaning and surface structure of sentences. Journal for Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 104, 238–248.

Mandler, G., & Graesser, A. C. (1976). Analyse dimensionnelle et le locus de l’organisation. In S. Erhlich and E. Tulving (Eds.), La Mémoire Sémantique [Special issue]. Bulletin de Psychologie, Special Annuel. (A journal issue devoted to psychological research on semantic memory.)

Graesser, A. C. (1978). How to catch a fish: The memory and representation of common procedures. Discourse Processes, 1, 72–89.

Graesser, A. C. (1978). Tests of a holistic chunking model of sentence memory through analyses of noun intrusions. Memory and Cognition, 6, 527–536. Link to PDF

Graesser, A. C., Higginbotham, M. W., Robertson, S. P., & Smith, W. R. (1978). A natural inquiry into the National Enquirer: Self-induced versus task-induced reading comprehension. Discourse Processes, 1, 355–372.

Graesser, A. C., & Mandler, G. (1978). Limited processing capacity constrains the storage of unrelated sets of words and retrieval from natural categories. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 4, 86–100.

Graesser, A. C., Gordon, S. E., & Sawyer, J. D. (1979). Recognition memory for typical and atypical actions in scripted activities: Tests of a script pointer plus tag hypothesis. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 18, 319–322.

Graesser, A. C., Hauft-Smith, K., Cohen, A. D., & Pyles, L. D. (1980). Advanced outlines, familiarity, text genre, and retention of prose. Journal of Experimental Education, 48, 209–220. Link to PDF

Graesser, A. C., Hoffman, N. L., & Clark, L. F. (1980). Structural components of reading time. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 19, 131–151.

Graesser, A. C., Robertson, S. P., Lovelace, E. R., & Swinehart, D. M. (1980). Answers to why-questions expose the organization of story plot and predict recall of actions. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 19, 110–119.

Graesser, A. C., Woll, S. B., Kowalski, D. J., & Smith, D. A. (1980). Memory for typical and atypical actions in scripted activities. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 6, 503–515.

Graesser, A. C., Robertson, S. P., & Anderson, P. A. (1981). Incorporating inferences in narrative representations: A study of how and why. Cognitive Psychology, 13, 1–26.

Smith, D. A., & Graesser, A. C. (1981). Memory for actions in scripted activities as a function of typicality, retention interval, and retrieval task. Memory and Cognition, 9, 550–559. Link to PDF

Woll, S. B., & Graesser, A. C. (1982). Memory discrimination for information typical or atypical of person schemata. Social Cognition, 1, 287–310.

Britton, B. K., Graesser, A. C., Glynn, S. M., Hamilton, T., & Penland, M. (1983). Use of cognitive capacity in reading: Effects of some content factors in text. Discourse Processes, 6, 39–58.

Graesser, A. C., Hopkinson, P., Lewis, E., & Bruflodt, H. (1984). The impact of different information sources on idea generation: Writing off the top of our heads. Written Communication, 1, 341–364. Link to PDF

Haberlandt, K., & Graesser, A. C. (1985). Component processes in text comehension and some of their interactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 114, 357–374.

Nakamura, G. V., Graesser, A. C., Zimmerman, J. A., & Riha, J. (1985). Script processing in a natural situation. Memory and Cognition, 13, 140–144. Link to PDF

Graesser, A. C., & Haberlandt, K. (1986). Research on component processes in reading: Reply to Danks. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 115, 198–200.

Haberlandt, K., Graesser, A. C., Schneider, N. J., & Kiely, J. (1986). The impact of end-of-clause processes and new arguments on reading times. Journal of Memory and Language, 25, 314–322.

Graesser, A. C., Hopkinson, P., & Schmid, C. (1987). Differences in interconcept organization between nouns and verbs. Journal of Memory and Language, 26, 242–253.

Dillon, J. T., Golding, J., & Graesser, A. C. (1988). An annotated bibliography of question asking. Questioning Exchange, 2, 81–85.

Graesser, A. C. (1988). Introduction to cognitive science perspectives on question generation. Questioning Exchange, 2, 1–2.

Graesser, A. C., & Golding, J. (1988). Models of questioning in cognitive psychology and artificial intelligence. Questioning Exchange, 2, 315–324.

Graesser, A. C., Lang, K., & Horgan, D. (1988). A taxonomy for question generation. Questioning Exchange, 2, 3–16.

Long, D., & Graesser, A. C. (1988). Wit and humor in discourse processing. Discourse Processes, 11, 35–60. Link to PDF

Graesser, A. C., Long, D., & Mio, J. S. (1989). What are the cognitive and conceptual components of humorous texts? Poetics, 18, 143–164.

Haberlandt, K., & Graesser, A. C. (1989). Buffering new information during reading. Discourse Processes, 12, 479–494.

Haberlandt, K., & Graesser, A. C. (1989). Processing of new arguments at clause boundaries. Memory and Cognition, 17, 186–193. Link to PDF

Haberlandt, K., Graesser, A. C., & Schneider, N. J. (1989). Reading strategies in fast and slow readers. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 15, 815–823.

Dwyer, W. O., Graesser, A. C., Hopkinson, P. L., & Lupfer, M. B. (1990). Application of script theory to police officers’ use of deadly force. Journal of Police Science and Administration, 17, 295–301.

Golding, J. M., Graesser, A. C., & Millis, K. K. (1990). What makes a good answer to a question?: Testing a psychological model of question answering in the context of narrative text. Discourse Processes, 13, 305–325.

Graesser, A. C., & Franklin, S. P. (1990). QUEST: A cognitive model of question answering. Discourse Processes, 13, 279–303.

Graesser, A. C., Roberts, R. M., & Hackett-Renner, C. (1990). Question answering in the context of telephone surveys, business interactions, and interviews. Discourse Processes, 13, 327–348.

Lang, K. L., Graesser, A. C., & Hemphill, D. D. (1990). The role of questioning in knowledge engineering and the interface of expert systems. Poetics, 19, 143–166.

Graesser, A. C., Gordon, S. E., Forsythe, C., & Greer, J. (1991). Design of optimal person-artifact interfaces: Contributions from cognitive science. Educational Training Technology International, 28, 15–22.

Graesser, A. C., & Hemphill, D. (1991). Question answering in the context of scientific mechanisms. Journal of Memory and Language, 30, 186–209.

Graesser, A. C., Lang, K. L., & Roberts, R. M. (1991). Question answering in the context of stories. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 120, 254–277.

Kreuz, R. J., & Graesser, A. C. (1991). Aspects of idiom interpretation: Comment on Nayak and Gibbs. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 120, 90–92.

Magliano, J. P., & Graesser, A. C. (1991). A three-pronged method for studying inference generation in literary text. Poetics, 20, 193–232.

Mio, J. S., & Graesser, A. C. (1991). Humor, language and metaphor. Metaphor and Symbolic Activity, 6, 87–102.

Graesser, A. C., Gordon, S. E., & Brainerd, L. E. (1992). QUEST: A model of question answering. Computers and Mathematics with Applications, 23, 733–745. Link to PDF

Graesser, A. C., Langston, M. C., & Lang, K. L. (1992). Designing educational software around questioning. Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 3, 235–241. Link to PDF

Long, D. L., Golding, J. M., & Graesser, A. C. (1992). A test of the on-line status of goal-related inferences. Journal of Memory and Language, 31, 634–647.

Book Chapters

Graesser, A. C. (1985). Introduction and overview. In A. C. Graesser & J. B. Black (Eds.), The psychology of questions. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Graesser, A. C. (1989). Introduction to creativity in science. In B. Gholson, W. Shadish, R. A. Neimeyer, & A. Houts (Eds.), Psychology of science: Contributions to metascience. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. Link to Book

Graesser, A. C., & Bower, G. H. (1990). Inferences and text comprehension. In A. C. Graesser & G. H. Bower (Eds.), The psychology of learning and motivation, Vol. 25 (p. 340). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

Graesser, A. C., Byrne, P. J., & Behrens, M. L. (1992). Answering questions about information in databases. In T. Lauer, E. Peacock, & A. C. Graesser (Eds.), Questions and information systems. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Link to PDF

Graesser, A. C., & Clark, L. F. (1985). The generation of knowledge-based inferences during narrative comprehension. In G. Rickheit & H. Strohner (Eds.), Inferences in text processing (pp. 53-94) North-Holland.

Graesser, A. C., Golding, J. M., & Long, D. L. (1991). Narrative representation and comprehension. In R. Barr, M. L. Kamil, P. Mosenthal, & P. D. Pearson (Eds.), Handbook of reading research. London: Longman. Link to Book

Graesser, A. C., & Goodman, S. M. (1985). How to construct conceptual graph structures. In B. Britton & J. B. Black (Eds.), Understanding expository text. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Graesser, A. C., & Goodman, S. M. (1985). Implicit knowledge, question answering, and the representation of expository text. In B. Britton & J. B. Black (Eds.), Understanding expository text. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Graesser, A. C., & Gordon, S. E. (1991). Question answering and the organization of world knowledge. In W. Kessen, A. Ortony, & F. Craik (Eds.), Memories, thoughts, and emotions: Essays in honor of George Mandler. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Link to Book

Graesser, A. C., Haberlandt, K. F., & Koizumi, D. (1987). How is reading time influenced by knowledge-based inferences and world knowledge? In B. Britton (Ed.), Executive control processes in reading. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Link to Book

Graesser, A. C., Lang, K. L., & Elofson, C. S. (1987). Some tools for redesigning system-operator interfaces. Applications of cognitive psychology: Problem solving, education, and computing. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Link to Book

Graesser, A. C., & Magliano, J. P. (1991). Context and cognition. Context and development. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Link to Book

Graesser, A. C., Magliano, J. P., & Tidwell, P. (1992). World knowledge, inferences, and questions. In R. Beach, J. L. Green, M. L. Kamil, & T. Shanaham (Eds.), Multidisciplinary perspectives on literacy research. Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English. Link to PDF

Graesser, A. C., Millis, K. K., & Long, D. L. (1986). The construction of knowledge structures and inferences during text comprehension. In N. E. Sharkey (Ed.), Advances in cognitive science, Vol. 1. London: Ellis Horwood.

Graesser, A. C., Mio, J., & Millis, K. (1988). Metaphors in persuasive communication. In D. Meutsch (Ed.), Models of literary understanding. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

Graesser, A. C., & Murachver, T. (1985). Symbolic procedures of question answering. In A. C. Graesser & J. B. Black (Eds.), The psychology of questions. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Link to Book

Graesser, A. C., & Murray, K. (1989). An analysis of verbal protocols to explore the acquisition of a computer environment. In S. P. Robertson, W. Zachary, & J. B. Black (Eds.), Cognition, computing, and interaction. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.

Graesser, A. C., & Nakamura, G. V. (1982). The impact of a schema on comprehension and memory. In G. H. Bower (Ed.), Psychology of learning and motivation, Vol. 16 (pp. 59-109). New York: Academic Press.

Graesser, A. C., Person, N. K., & Huber, J. D. (1992). Mechanisms that generate questions. In T. E. Lauer, E. Peacock, & A. C. Graesser (Eds.), Questions and information systems (pp. 167-187). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Link to Book

Graesser, A. C., & Riha, J. R. (1984). An application of multiple regression techniques to sentence reading times. In D. Kieras & M. Just (Eds.), New methods in reading comprehension research. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Graesser, A. C., Robertson, S. P., & Clark, L. F. (1983). A question answering method for exploring the on-line construction of prose representations. In J. Fine & R. O. Freedle (Eds.), Developmental issues in discourse. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.

Haberlandt, K., & Graesser, A. C. (1990). Integration and buffering of new information. In A. C. Graesser & G. H. Bower (Eds.), The psychology of learning and motivation: Inferences and text comprehension. New York: Academic Press.

Lang, K. L., Dumais, S. T., Graesser, A. C., & Kilman, D. (1992). Question asking in human-computer interfaces. In T. Lauer, E. Peacock, & A. C. Graesser (Eds.), Questions and information systems. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Link to Book

Lang, K., & Graesser, A. C. (1986). Using state-transition networks in the design of system-operator interfaces. In W. Karwowski (Ed.), Trends in ergonomics/human factors. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Link to Book

Lang, K. L., Graesser, A. C., Dumais, S. T., & Kilman, D. (1992). Question asking in human-computer interfaces. In T. Lauer, E. Peacock, & A. C. Graesser (Eds.), Questions and information systems. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Link to Book

Lauer, T., & Graesser, A. C. (1992). Introduction. In T. Lauer, E. Peacock, & A. C. Graesser (Eds.), Questions and information systems. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Link to PDF

Long, D. L., Golding, J. M., Graesser, A. C., & Clark, L. F. (1990). Goal, event, and state inferences: An investigation of inference generation during story comprehension. In A. C. Graesser & G. H. Bower (Eds.), Psychology of learning and motivation, Vol. 25 (pp. 89-102). New York: Academic Press.

Long, D. L., Graesser, A. C., & Long, C. (1988). Four computational models for investigating neuropsychological decision-making. In M. A. Williams & C. Long (Eds.), Cognitive approaches to neuropsychology. New York: Plenum. Link to Book

Millis, K. K., Morgan, D., & Graesser, A. C. (1990). The influence of knowledge-based inferences on reading time for expository text. In A. C. Graesser & G. H. Bower (Eds.), The psychology of learning and motivation: Inferences and text comprehension. New York: Academic Press.

Murachver, T., Murray, K., & Graesser, A. C. (1985). Answering some questions about a model of question answering. In A. C. Graesser & J. B. Black (Eds.), The psychology of questions. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Link to Book

Refereed Conference Publications and Abstracts

Graesser, A. C. (1981). A question answering method of exploring prose comprehension: An overview. Proceedings of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 168–169). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Black, J. B., & Graesser A. C. (1984). How do psychologists think anyhow? Proceedings of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 47-50). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Graesser, A. C., Koizumi, D., Vamos, G., & Elofson, C. S. (1985). A model of question answering. Proceedings of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 288-292). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Graesser, A. C., & Lang, K. (1985). Collecting informative data for modifying a system-operator interface in a communication control system. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (pp. 366-370). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Golding, J., & Graesser, A. C. (1987). Answering why-questions: Tests of a psychological model of question answering. Proceedings of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 945-949). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Graesser, A. C., Hemphill, D. H., & Brainerd, L. E. (1989). Question answering in the context of causal mechanisms. Proceedings of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 621–626). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Graesser, A. C., Hemphill, D. H., & Brainerd, L. E. (1989). Question answering in the context of causal mechanisms. Proceedings of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 621-626). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Graesser, A. C. (1990). Symposium on coherence. Proceedings of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 1052-1059). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Graesser, A. C., Langston, M. C., & Lang, K. L. (1991). Designing educational software around questioning. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Learning Sciences (pp. 204-210). Charlottsville, VA: Association of the Advancement of Computing Education. Link to PDF

Graesser, A. C., McMahen, C. L., & Johnson, B. K. (1991). Tests of some mechanisms that trigger questions. Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Cognitive Science Society Society (pp. 13-18). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Lang, K. L., Graesser, A. C., & Langston, M. C. (1991). Question asking in electronic documentation. Proceedings of the Electronic Document Delivery Conference (pp. 201-214). East Brunswick, NJ: Belcore Documentation,

Long, D. L., & Graesser, A. C. (1991). Differences between oral and literary discourse: The effect of pragmatic information on recognition memory. Preceedings of the Second IGEL-Conference (pp. 105-109). Amsterdam: Rodopi. Link to Book

Langston, M. C., & Graesser, A. C. (1992). Question asking during learning with a point and query interface. Proceedings of the Fourteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 921–926). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Langston, M. C., & Graesser, A. C. (1992). Students’ questioning patterns as a function of time and goals. Proceedings of the Sixth National Conference on Undergraduate Research. Asheville, NC: University of North Carolina Press.