Publications

Email grant.brown@concordia.ca to receive an electronic copy of any of the papers listed here.

You can also access Google Citations here: G.E. Brown

184) Félixe Dumaresq Synnott, Alix J.P. Brusseau, Adam L. Crane, Grant E. Brown. Response of juvenile male an female guppies to acute predation cues: testing the distracted male hypothesis. In review.

183) Miguel Eduardo L. Felismino, Segolene Chevallier Rufigny, Samuel E. Gonzalez-Fleurant, Grant E. Brown, Ingestion of polyethylene microplastics impacts cichlid behaviour despite having low retention time. In review.

182) Alix J.P. Brusseau, Laurence E.A. Feyten, Adam L. Crane, Indar W. Ramnarine, Maud C.O. Ferrari, Grant E. Brown. The antipredator decisions of male Trinidadian guppies depend on social cues from females. In review.

181) Adam L. Crane, Laurence E.A. Feyten, Alix J.P. Brusseau, Felixe Dumaresq Synnott, Indar W. Ramnarine, Maud C.O. Ferrari, Grant E. Brown. Exposure to diazepam reduces anxiety and spatial neophobia in Trinidadian guppies from high-risk environments. In review.

180) Adam L. Crane, Laurence E.A. Feyten, Alix J.P. Brusseau, Felixe Dumaresq Synnott, Indar W. Ramnarine, Maud C.O. Ferrari, Grant E. Brown. Anxiolytic effects of diazepam in Trinidadian guppies exposed to predation risk. In review.

179) Adam L. Crane, Laurence E.A. Feyten, Alex Preagola, Maud C.O. Ferrari, Grant E. Brown.  (2024). Uncertainty in antipredator decisions: a conceptual review. Biological Reviews. 99: 238-252.  https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.13019.

178) Alix J.P. Brusseau, Laurence E.A. Feyten, Adam L. Crane, Grant E. Brown. (2024). Exploring the effects of anthropogenic disturbance on the predator inspection activity of Trinidadian guppies. Current Zoology, 70: 109-111. https://doi.org/10.1093/cz/zoad002.  

177) Brendan J. Joyce, Grant E. Brown. (2023). Olfaction and reaction: The role of olfactory and hypothalamic investment in the antipredator responses of Northern Redbelly dace.  Current Zoology, 69: 738-746. https://doi.org/10.1093/cz/zoac086.

176) Lauence E.A. Feyten, Indar W. Ramnarine, Grant E. Brown. (2023). Microhabitat conditions drive uncertainty of risk and shape neophobic responses in Trinidadian guppies, Poecilia reticulata. Ecology and Evolution, 13: e10554. DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10554

175) Alix Brusseau, Laurence E.A. Feyten, Veronica Groves, Miguel Eduardo Felismino, Denis Cao Van Truong, Adam L. Crane, Indar W. Ramnarine, Grant E. Brown (2023). Sex and background risk influence responses to acute predation risk in Trinidadian guppies. Behavioral Ecology, 34: 898-906. https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arad055. 

174) Grant E. Brown, Jean-Guy Godin.  (2023). Ecological uncertainty and antipredator behaviour: an integrative perspective. Frontiers in Ethology, 2:1238167.  DOI: 10.3389/fetho.2023.1238167.

173) Brendan J. Joyce, Grant E. Brown. (2022). Estimating the volume of biological structures from a single 2D image: considering apparent cross-sectional area as an alternative to the ellipsoid method. Evolutionary Ecology, 36: 1061-1076.  DOI: 10.1007/s10682-022-10211-7.

172) Veronica Groves, Chris K. Elvidge, Grant E. Brown. (2022). The role of donor and receiver size in the response to public cues by Hart’s rivulus, Anablepsoides hartii. Behaviour, 159: 1447-1461. DOI: 10.1163/1568539X-bja10185.

171) Braeden Donaldson, Grant E. Brown. (2022). Simulated predation pressure leads to rapid changes in brain morphology of juvenile convict cichlids (Amitalania nigrofasciata).  Proceedings of the Zoological Society, 75: 381-386. DOI: 10.1007/s12595-022-00450-5.

170) Jack A. Goldman, Adam L. Crane, Emily Collins, Laurence E.A. Feyten, Grant E. Brown. (2022). Disturbance cue communication is shaped by emitter diet and receiver background risk in Trinidadian guppies. Current Zoology, 68: 433-440.  DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoab025.

169) Laurence E.A. Feyten, Ebony E.M. Demers, Indar W. Ramnarine, Grant E. Brown. (2022). Assessing effects of predator density and diversity on neophobia in Trinidadian guppies. Behavioural Processes, 201: 104717.  DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2022.104717.

168) Pierre Chuard, James W.A. Grant, Grant E. Brown. (2022). Mating competition and adult sex ratio in wild Trinidadian guppies. Behavioral Ecology, 33: 892-900. DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arac058.

167) Adam L. Crane, Ebony Demers, Laurence E.A. Feyten, Indar W. Ramnarine, Grant E. Brown. (2022). Exploratory decisions of Trinidadian guppies when uncertain about predation risk. Animal Cognition, 25: 581-587. DOI: 10.1007-021-01575-4.

166) Grant E. Brown, Adam L. Crane, Ebony Demers, Douglas P. Chivers, Maud C.O. Ferrari. (2022). Uncertain foraging opportunities and predation risk exert additive effects on the induced neophobia in cichlids. Animal Behaviour 186, 21-28.  DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2022.013.

165) Adam L. Crane, Kevin R. Bairos-Novak, Jack A. Goldman, Grant E. Brown. (2022). Chemical disturbance cues in aquatic systems: a review and prospectus. Ecological Monographs 92, e01487.  DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1487.

164) Laurence E.A. Feyten, Adam L. Crane, Indar W. Ramnarine, Grant E. Brown. (2021). Predation risk shapes the use of conflicting personal and social safety information in guppies.  Behavioral Ecology 32: 1296-1305. DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arab096.

163) Nicole Stratton, Istvan Imre, Richard T. DiRocco, Grant E. Brown. (2021). Effect of potential Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) repellents on the distribution of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in a laboratory environment. Journal of Natural Sciences (UTSC) 2: 23-35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33137/jns.v2i1.34652.

162) Adam L. Crane, H. Thapa, Dennis Meuthen, Maud C.O. Ferrari, Grant E. Brown. (2021). Early-life and parental predation risk shape fear acquisition in adult minnows. Animal Cognition 24: 471-481. DOI: https://doe.org/10.1007/s10071-020-01439-3.

161) Diana M.T. Sharpe, J.J.P.R. Lira, Grant E. Brown, M.E. Torchin, A.P. Hendry. (2021). Testing the prey naiveté hypothesis: can native prey (Astyanax ruberrimus) recognize an introduced tope predator, Cichla monoculus? Biological Invasions 23: 205-219. DOI.org/10.1007/s10530-020-02369-4.

160) Grant E. Brown, Ebony E.M. Demers, Jack A. Goldman, Annick Singh, Douglas P. Chivers, Maud C.O. Ferrari. (2020). Unpredictable risk enhances induced neophobia in Northern red-bellied dace. Animal Behaviour 168: 121-127. DOI.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2020.08.012.

159) Pierre Chuard, Grant E. Brown, Indar W. Ramnarine, James W.A. Grant . (2020). Exploring the threat-sensitive predator avoidance hypothesis in two wild populations of Trinidadian guppies. Behavioural Processes 180: article ID 104225. DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2020.104225.

158) Brendan J. Joyce, Grant E. Brown (2020). Short term captivity drives hypothalamic plasticity and asymmetry in wild caught Northern red bellied dace (Chrosomus eos). Journal of Fish Biology 97: 577-582.  DOI: 10.111/jfb.14408.

157) Adam L. Crane, Laurence E.A. Feyten, Indar W. Ramnarine, Grant E. Brown (2020). The propensity for re-triggered predation fear in a prey fish. Scientific Reports  10: 9253.

156) Adam L. Crane, Laurence E.A. Feyten, Indar W. Ramnarine, Grant E. Brown (2020). Temporally-variable predation risk and fear retention in Trinidadian guppies. Behavioral Ecology 31: 1084-1090. DOI: 10.1093/beheco/araa055.

155) Adam L. Crane, Laurence E.A. Feyten, Indar W. Ramnarine, Grant E. Brown (2020). High-risk environments promote disturbance cue signaling among socially familiar Trinidadian guppies. Oecologia 193: 89-95 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-020-04652-6

154) Jack A. Goldman, Isabelle S. Désormeaux, Grant E. Brown (2020). Disturbance cues as a source of risk assessment information under natural conditions. Freshwater Biology. 65: 981-986 doi: 10.1111/fwb.13484.

153) Brendan J. Joyce, Grant E. Brown (2020). Rapid changes in brain morphology in response to predation risk in juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and Northern red-bellied dace (Phoxinus eos). Canadian Journal of Zoology. 98: 186-194 doi: 10.1139/cjz-2019-0131. Editor's Choice

152) Jack A. Goldman, Laurence E.A. Feyten, Indar W. Ramnarine, & Grant E. Brown. (2020). Sender and receiver experience alters the response of fish to disturbance cues. Current Zoology 66: 255-261.

151) Adam L. Crane, Maud C.O. Ferrari, I.A.E. Rivera-Hernández, Grant E. Brown (2020). Microhabitat complexity influences fear acquisition in fathead minnows. Behavioral Ecology. 31: 261-266. doi: 10.1093/beheco/arz187.

150) Adam L. Crane, Grant E. Brown, Douglas P. Chivers, & Maud C.O. Ferrari. (2020). An ecological framework of neophobia: from cells to organisms to populations. Biological Reviews. 95: 218-231. doi: 10.1111/brv.12560.

149) Laurence E.A. Feyten, Ebony E.E.M. Demers, Indar W. Ramnarine, Douglas P. Chivers, Maud C.O. Ferrari & Grant E. Brown. (2019). Who's where? Ecological uncertainty shapes neophobic predator avoidance in Trinidadian guppies. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 73:70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-019-2687-7

148) Jack A. Goldman, Annick Singh, Ebony E.M. Demers, Laurence E.A. Feyten & Grant E. Brown (2019). Does donor group size matter? The response of Trinidadian guppies and Convict cichlids to disturbance cues from conspecific and heterospecific donors.  Canadian Journal of Zoology. 97: 319-325 http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2018-0170 . Editor's Choice

147) Laurence E.A. Feyten, Ebony E.M. Demers, Indar W. Ramnarine & Grant E. Brown (2019). Predation risk assessment based on uncertain information: interacting effects of known and unknown cues. Current Zoology.  65: 75-76 https://doi.org/10.1093/cz/zoy083

146) Laurence E.A. Feyten & Grant E. Brown (2018). Ecological uncertainty impacts vigilance as a marker of fear. Animal Sentience. 15(7). animalstudiesrepository.org/animsent/vol2/iss15/7 

145) Pierre J.C. Chuard, Grant E. Brown & James W.A.Grant (2018). Competition for food in two populations of a wild-caught fish. Current Zoology. 64: 615-622. https://doi.org/10.1093/cz/zox078.

144) Maud C.O. Ferrari, Grant E. Brown & Douglas P. Chivers (2018). Who is out there? The effect of uncertainty on the onset of neophobic antipredator phenotypes. Animal Behaviour. 136: 101-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2017.11.024.

143) Grant E. Brown, Pierre J.C. Chuard, Ebony E.M. Demers, Indar W. Ramnarine, Douglas P. Chivers and Maud C.O. Ferrari. (2018). Personality and the retention of neophobic predator avoidance in wild caught Trinidadian guppies. Behaviour. 155: 265-278. DOI: 10.1163/1568539X-00003488

142) Istvan Imre, Richard T. DiRocco, H. McClure, Nicholas S. Johnson, and Grant E. Brown (2017). Migratory-stage seal lamprey Petromyzon marinus stop responding to conspecific damage-released alarm cues after 4 hours of continuous exposure in laboratory conditions. Journal of Fish Biology, 90: 1297-1304 doi: 10.1111/jfb.13231.

141) Richard T. DiRocco, Nicholas S. Johnson, Linnea Brege, Istvan Imre and Grant E. Brown (2016). Sea lamprey avoid areas scented with conspecific tissue extract in Michigan streams. Fisheries Management and Ecology.23: 548-560 doi: 10.1111/fme.12198.

140) Brendan J. Joyce, Ebony E.M. Demers, Maud C.O. Ferrari, Douglas P. Chivers and Grant E. Brown. (2016). Background predation risk and learned predator recognition in convict cichlids: does risk allocation constrain learning? Ethology 122: 841-849.

139) Grant E. Brown, Christopher D. Jackson, Brendan J. Joyce, Douglas P. Chivers and Maud C.O. Ferrari (2016). Risk-induced neophobia: does sensory modality matter? Animal Cognition. 19: 1143-1150. doi: 10.1007/s10071-016-1021-2

138) Douglas P. Chivers, Matthew D. Mitchell, T. Lucon Xiccato, Grant E. Brown and Maud C.O. Ferrari (2016). Background risk influences learning but not generalization of predators. Animal Behaviour 121: 185-189.

137) Istvan Imre, RT DiRocco, Grant E. Brown and NS Johnson (2016). Habituation of adult seal lamprey repeatedly exposed to damage-released alarm and predator cues.  Environmental Biology of Fishes 99: 613-620. doi:10.1007/s10641-016-0503-z

136) Jordbro EJ, DiRocco RT*, Imre I, Johnson NS and Brown GE. (2016). White sucker (Catostomus commersonii) respond to conspecific and sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) alarm cues but not potential predator cues.Journal of Great Lakes Research 767: 279-287. doi: 10.1007/s10750-015-2508-6

135) M. Barnett, Istvan Imre, C.M. Wagner, Richard T. DiRocco, NS Johnson and Grant E. Brown (2016). Evaluating potential artefacts of photo-reversal on behavioural studies with nocturnal invasive sea lamprey. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 94: 405-410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2015-0254.

134) Matthew D Mitchell, Douglas P Chivers, Grant E Brown and Maud CO Ferrari (2016). Living on the edge: how does environmental risk affect the behavioural and cognitive ecology of prey? Animal Behaviour, 115: 185-192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.03.018 

133) Pierre JC Chuard, Grant E. Brown and James WA Grant (2016). Mating competition in male and female Trinidadian guppies, Poecilia reticulata: effects of OSR and chronic predation risk.  Behavioural Processes 129: 1- 10. doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2016.05.001

132) Chris K Elvidge, Pierre JC Chuard and Grant E Brown (2016). Local predation risk shapes exploration and foraging patterns in Trinidadian guppies. Current Zoology, 62: 457-462. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cz/zow013

131) Brendan J Joyce, Ebony EM Demers, Douglas P Chivers, Maud CO Ferrari and Grant E Brown (2016). Risk induced neophobia is constrained by ontogeny in juvenile convict cichlids. Animal Behaviour 114: 37-43. 

130) Richard T DiRocco, Istvan Imre, NS Johnson & Grant E Brown (2016). Behavioural response of adult sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) to predator and conspecific alarm cues: evidence of additive effects. Hydrobiologica 767: 279-282. doi:10.1007/s10750-015-2508-6

129) Jemma Katwaroo-Andersen, Chris K. Elvidge, Indar Ramnarine & Grant E. Brown (2016). Interactive effects of reproductive assets and ambient predation risk on the threat-sensitive decisions of Trinidadian guppies. Current Zoology 62: 221-226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cz/zow062 

128) Chris K Elvidge & Grant E Brown (2015).  Nonconsumptive effects of predation and impaired chemosensory risk assessment on an aquatic prey species. International Journal of Ecology 2015, Article ID 894579.

127) Grant E. Brown, Ebony E. Demers, Brendan J. Joyce, Maud C.O. Ferrari & Douglas P. Chivers (2015). Retention of neophobic predator recognition in juvenile convict cichlids: effects of background risk and recent experience. Animal Cognition 18: 1331-1338. DOI: 10.1007/s10071-015-0902-0.

126) Maud C.O. Ferrari, Grant E. Brown & Douglas P. Chivers (2015). Time-sensitive neophobic response to risk. Behaviour, 152, 1623-1635.

125) Grant E. Brown, Chris K. Elvidge, Indar Ramnarine, Maud C.O. Ferrari & Douglas P. Chivers (2015). Background risk and recent experience influences retention of neophobic responses to predators. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 69, 737-745. DOI: 10.1007/s00265-015-1888-y.

124) Maud C.O. Ferrari, Adam Crane, Grant E. Brown & Douglas P. Chivers (2015). Getting ready for invasions: can background level of risk predict the ability of naive prey to survive invasive predators? Scientific Reports 5:8309. DOI: 10.1038/srep08309.

123) Chris K. Elvidge & Grant E. Brown. (2015). Size-based differences determine the contextual value of risk information in heterospecific information use. Animal Behaviour 102, 7-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.01.009.

122) Grant E. Brown, Chris K. Elvidge, Indar Ramnarine, Douglas P. Chivers & Maud C.O. Ferrari (2014) Personality and the response to predation risk: effects of information quantity and quality.  Animal Cognition 17, 1063- 1069 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-014-0738-z.

121) Chris K. Elvidge, Indar Ramnarine & Grant E. Brown (2014). Compensatory foraging in Trinidadian guppies: effects of acute and chronic predation threats. Current Zoology 60, 323-332.

120) Richard Di Rocco, C. Belanger, Istvan Imre, Grant E. Brown & N.S. Johnson. (2014)  Daytime avoidance of chemosensory alarm cues by adult sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus).  Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 71, 824-830 DOI: 10.1139/cjfas-2013-0381.

119) Kerry Perrault, Istvan Imre & Grant E. Brown (2014) The behavioural response of larval seal lamprey (Peteromyzon marinus) to potential damage-released chemical alarm cues. Canadian Journal of Zoology 92, 443-447 DOI: 10.11391/cjz-2013-0095.

118) Chris K. Elvidge & Grant E. Brown (2014) Predation costs of impaired chemosensory risk assessment on acid-impacted juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 71, 756-762. DOI: 10.1139/cjfas-2013-0633.

117) Istvan Imre, Richard Di Rocco, C. Belanger, Grant E. Brown & N.S. Johnson (2014) Clear and present danger: the behavioural response of migratory sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) to chemosensory alarm cues. Journal of Fish Biology, 84, 1490-1502. DOI: 11.1111/jfb.12374.

116) Grant E. Brown, Maud C.O. Ferrari, Chris K. Elvidge, Christopher D. Jackson & Douglas P. Chivers (2014). Background level of risk determines the intensity of predator neophobia in cichlids. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 68, 127-133. DOI: 10.1007/s00265-013-1629-z.

115) Antoine O.H.C. Leduc, Philip L. Munday, Grant E. Brown & Maud C.O. Ferrari. (2013). Effects of acidification on olfactory-mediated behaviour in freshwater and marine ecosystems. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Series B. 368, 20120447. DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2012.0447.

114) R. Pietrazkowski, Istvan Imre & Grant E. Brown. (2013) The behavioural response of migratory sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) to damage-released chemical alarm cues. Journal of Great Lakes Research. 39, 234- 238. doi: 10.1016/j.jglr.2013.03.008.

113) Douglas P. Chivers, F. Al-Batati, Grant E. Brown and Maud C.O. Ferrari (2013). The effects of habitat alteration on recognition and generalization of predators and non-predators in aquatic ecosystems. Ecology and Evolution, 3, 268-277. DOI: 10.1002/ece3.454.

112) Grant E. Brown, Maud C.O. Ferrari, Chris K. Elvidge, Indar Ramnarine and Douglas P. Chivers. (2013). Phenotypically-plastic neophobia: a response to variable predation risk. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B.  no. 1756 20122712. DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2012.2712.

111)  Chris K. Elvidge, Camille J. Macnaughton and Grant E. Brown (2013).  Sensory complementation and behavioural compensation in acid impacted juvenile Atlantic salmon. Oecologia, 172, 69-78. DOI: 10.1007/s00442- 012-2478-6.

110) Douglas P. Chivers, Grant E. Brown and Maud C.O. Ferrari (2013). The sophistication of predator odour recognition by minnows. In: Chemical Signals in Vertebrates, Vol. 12. M. East and M. Dehnhard, eds. pp. 247-257.  Springer Verlag, Germany.

109) Grant E. Brown, Maud C.O. Ferrari and Douglas P. Chivers (2013).  Why pre-stocking predator recognition may not lead to post-stocking survival of hatchery reared salmonids: lessons from behavioral ecology  Fisheries, 38, 16-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03632415.2013.750133.

108) Grant E. Brown, Maud C.O. Ferrari, Patrick H. Malka, Lima Kayello, Laura Fregeau and Douglas P. Chivers (2013).  Retention of acquired predator recognition among shy versus bold juvenile rainbow trout.  Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 67, 43-57. DOI: 10.1007/s00265-012-1422-4.

107) Maud C.O. Ferrari, Grant E. Brown and Douglas P. Chivers (2012). Temperature-mediated changes in rates of predator forgetting in woodfrog tadpoles. PLoS ONE 7 e51143. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051143.

106) Grant E. Brown, Chris K. Elvidge, Maud C.O. Ferrari and Douglas P. Chivers (2012). Understanding the importance of episodic acidification on fish predator-prey interactions: does weak acidification impair predator recognition? Science of the Total Environment, 439, 62-66. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.09.026.

105)  Maud C.O. Ferrari, Jana Vrtělová, Grant E. Brown and Douglas P. Chivers. (2012).  Understanding the role of uncertainty on learning and retention of predator information.  Animal Cognition, 15, 807-813. DOI: 10.1007/s10071-012-0505-y.

104) Chris K. Elvidge and Grant E. Brown (2012).  Visual and chemical cues as complimentary predator attractants in a tropical stream assemblage.  International Journal of Zoology, 2012, Article ID 510920.  DOI: 10.1155/2012.510920.

103) Grant E. Brown, Christopher D. Jackson, Patrick H. Malka, Elisa Jacques and Marc-Andre Couturier. (2012). Disturbance cues in freshwater prey fishes: does urea function as an ‘early warning cue’ in juvenile convict cichlids and rainbow trout? Current Zoology, 58, 250-259.

102) Douglas P. Chivers, Grant E. Brown and Maud C.O. Ferrari. (2012). The evolution of alarm substances and disturbance cues in aquatic animals. In: Chemical Ecology in Aquatic Systems. C. Brönmark and L.-A. Hansson, eds. pp. 127-139.  Oxford University Press, Oxford.

101) Christopher D. Jackson and Grant E. Brown (2011). Differences in antipredator response of wild and hatchery-reared juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) under semi-natural conditions. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 68, 2157-2165. DOI: 10.1139/F2011-129.

100) Maud C.O. Ferrari, Grant E. Brown, Gary R. Bortolotti and Douglas P. Chivers (2011). Prey behaviour across antipredator adaptation types: how does growth trajectory influence learning of predators? Animal Cognition, 14, 809-816.  DOI: 10.1007/s10071-011-0414-5 

99) Grant E. Brown, Maud C.O. Ferrari, Patrick H. Malka, Stephanie Russo, Michelle Tressider and Douglas P. Chivers (2011). Generalized predator and non-predator recognition in juvenile rainbow trout: learning what is and what is not a threat. Animal Behaviour, 81, 1249-1256. DOI: 10.1016/janbehav.2011.03.013

98) Grant E. Brown, Maud C.O. Ferrari, Patrick H. Malka, Marie-Anne Oligny, Matt Romano and Douglas P. Chivers. (2011). Growth rate and retention of chemically mediated predator-recognition by juvenile rainbow trout. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 65, 1267-1276. DOI: 10-1007/s00265-011-1140-3

97) Grant E. Brown, Maud C.O. Ferrari and Douglas P. Chivers. (2011). Learning about danger: chemical alarm cues and threat-sensitive assessment of predation risk by fishes. In: Fish Cognition and Behaviour, 2nd edition. C. Brown, K.N. Laland & J. Krause, eds. pp. 59-80, Blackwell, London. 

96) Jae-Woo Kim, James W.A. Grant and Grant E. Brown (2011). Do juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) use chemosensory cues to detect and avoid risky habitats in the wild? Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 68, 655-662.  DOI: 10.1139/f2011-011.  

95) Jae-Woo Kim, Jacquelyn L.A. Wood, James W.A. Grant and Grant E. Brown (2011). Acute and chronic increases in predation risk affect the territorial behaviour of juvenile Atlantic salmon in the wild. Animal Behaviour, 81, 93-99.  DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2010.09.017.

94) István Imre, Grant E. Brown, Roger A Bergstedt and Rodney McDonald. (2010). Use of chemosenosry cues as repellents for sea lamprey: potential directions for population management. Journal of Great Lakes Research, 36, 790-793.  DOI: 10.1016/j.jrlr.2010.07.004.

93) Maud C.O. Ferrari, Grant E. Brown, Christopher D. Jackson, Patrick H. Malka and Douglas P. Chivers. (2010).  Differential retention of predator recognition by juvenile rainbow trout. Behaviour, 147, 1791-1802.  DOI: 10.1163/000579510X535677.

92) Chris K. Elvidge, Indar Ramnarine, Jean-Guy J. Godin and Grant E. Brown. (2010). Size-mediated response to public cues of predation risk in a tropical stream fish. Journal of Fish Biology. 77, 1632-1644. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.01798.x.

91) Maud C.O. Ferrari, Grant E. Brown, Gary R. Bortolotti and Douglas P. Chivers. (2010). Linking predator risk and uncertainty to adaptive forgetting: a theoretical framework and empirical test using tadpoles.  Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B.  277, 2205-2210. DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2009.2117.

90) Antoine O.H.C. Leduc, Jae-woo Kim, Camille J. Macnaughton and Grant E. Brown (2010). The sensory complement model helps predict diel alarm response patterns in juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) under natural conditions. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 88, 398-403. DOI: 10.1139/Z10-016.

89) Maud C.O. Ferrari, Chris K. Elvidge, Christopher D. Jackson, Douglas P. Chivers & Grant E. Brown (2010). The responses of prey fish to temporal variation is risk: sensory habituation or risk assessment?  Behavioral Ecology, 21, 532-536.  DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arq023.

88) Grant E. Brown, Chris K. Elvidge, Camille J. Macnaughton, Indar Ramnarine and Jean-Guy J. Godin. (2010). Cross-population responses to conspecific chemical alarm cues in wild Trinidadian guppies, Poecilia reticulata: evidence for local conservation of cue production. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 88, 138-146. DOI: 10.1139/z09-127.

87) Antoine O.H.C. Leduc, Ellie Roh, Camille J. Macnaughton, Frederic Benz, Jordan Rosenfeld and Grant E. Brown. (2010). Ambient pH and the response to chemical alarm cues in juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): mechanisms of reduced behavioral responses. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 139, 117-128. DOI: 10.1577/T09-024.1

86) Antoine O.H.C. Leduc, Ellie Roh and Grant E. Brown. (2009). Effects of acid rainfall on juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) antipredator behaviour: loss of chemical alarm function and potential survival consequences during predation. Marine and Freshwater Research, 60, 1223-1230. DOI: 10.1071/MF08323

85) Grant E. Brown, Mark C. Harvey, Antoine O.H.C. Leduc, Maud C.O. Ferrari and Douglas P. Chivers. (2009). Social context, competitive interations and the dynamic nature of antipredator responses of juvenile rainbow trout. Journal of Fish Biology, 75, 552-562. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02305.x

84) Maud C.O. Ferrari, Grant E. Brown , Francois Messier and Douglas P. Chivers (2009). Threat-sensitive generalization of predator recognition by larval amphibians. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 63, 1369-1375. DOI 10.1007/s00265-009-0779-5

83) Meaghan A. Vavrek and Grant E. Brown (2009).  Threat-sensitive responses to disturbance cues in juvenile convict cichlids and rainbow trout.  Annales Zoologici Fennici, 46, 171-180. 

82) Jae-woo Kim, Grant E. Brown, Ivan J. Dolinsek, Nathalie N. Brodeur, Antoine O.H.C. Leduc and James W.A. Grant. (2009).  Additive and interactive effects of chemical and visual information in eliciting antipredator behaviour in juvenile Altantic salmon, Salmo salar L. Journal of Fish Biology, 74, 1280-1290. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02199.x

81) Grant E. Brown, Camille J. Macnaughton, Chris K. Elvidge, Indar Ramnarine and Jean-Guy J. Godin. (2009).  Provenance and threat-sensitive predator avoidance patterns in wild-caught Trinidadian guppies.  Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 63, 699-706.  DOI: 10.1007/s00265-008-0703-4

80) Meaghan A. Vavrek, Chris K. Elvidge, Robert Decarie, Brenna Belland, Christopher D. Jackson and Grant E. Brown (2008). Disturbance cues in freshwater prey fishes: do juvenile convict cichlids and rainbow trout respond to ammonium as an ‘early warning’ signal? Chemoecology, 18: 255-261. DOI 10.1007/s00049-008-0412-5.

79) Maud C.O. Ferrari, Meaghan A. Vavrek, Chris K. Elvidge, Bryan Fridman, Douglas P. Chivers and Grant E. Brown (2008).  Sensory complementation and the acquisition of predator recognition by salmonid fishes. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 63, 113-121.  DOI 10.1007/s00265-008-0641-1  

78) Douglas P. Chivers, X. Zhao, Grant E. Brown, Tracy A. Marchant and Maud C.O. Ferrari (2008). Predator-induced changes in morphology of a prey fish: the effects of food level and temp) oral  frequency of predation risk. Evolutionary Ecology, 22, 561-574.

77) Jennifer J. Smith, Antoine O.H.C. Leduc and Grant E. Brown.  (2008).  Chemically mediated learning in juvenile rainbow trout.  Does predator odour pH influence intensity and retention of acquired predator recognition?  Journal of Fish Biology, 72, 1750-1760.  doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2008.01849.x

76) Antoine O.H.C. Leduc, Fabien C. Lamaze, Lindsay McGraw and Grant E. Brown.  (2008). Response to chemical alarm cues under weakly acidic conditions: a graded loss of antipredator behaviour in juvenile rainbow trout.  Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 189, 179-187. 

75) Maud C.O. Ferrari, Alix C. Rive, Camille J. Macnaughton, Grant E. Brown and Douglas P. Chivers. (2008). Fixed vs. random temporal predictability of predation risk: an extension of the Risk Allocation Hypothesis. Ethology, 114: 238-244.  

74) Douglas P. Chivers, Brian D. Wisenden, Carrie J. Hindman, Tracy A. Michalak, Robin C. Kusch, Susan G.W. Kaminskyj, Kristin L. Jack, Michael S. Pollock, Shireen Alemadi, Clayton T. James, Rachel K. Savaloja, Cameron P. Goater, Amber Corwin, Reehan S. Mirza, Joseph M. Kiesecker, Grant E. Brown, James C. Adrian, Jr., Patrick H. Krone, Andrew R. Blaustein and Alicia Mathis.  (2007).  Epidermal ‘alarm substance’ cells of fishes maintained by non-alarm functions: possible defence against pathogens, parasites and UVB radiation. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B. 274, 2611-2619. 

73) Antoine O.H.C. Leduc, Ellie Roh, Cindy Breau and Grant E. Brown. (2007) Effects of ambient acidity on chemosensory learning: example of an environmental constraint on acquired predator recognition in wild juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).  Ecology of Freshwater Fishes, 16, 385-394.  (included in VIRTUAL ISSUE: Editor's Choice for the delegates of the 2007 Symposium for European Freshwater Science) 

72) Antoine O.H.C. Leduc, Ellie Roh, Cindy Breau and Grant E. Brown. (2007). Learned recognition of a novel odour by wild juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) under fully natural conditions.  Animal Behaviour, 73, 471- 477.  

71) Grant E. Brown and Douglas P. Chivers. (2006).  Learning about danger: chemical alarm cues and local risk assessment in prey fishes.  In: Fish Cognition and Behaviour.  C. Brown, K.N. Laland and J. Krause (eds). Blackwell, London, pp. 49-69.

70) Antoine O.H.C. Leduc, Ellie Roh, Mark C. Harvey and Grant E. Brown. (2006).  Impaired detection of chemical alarm cues by juvenile wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in a weakly acidic environment. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 63, 2356-2363.  

69) Grant E. Brown, Alix C. Rive, Maud C.O. Ferrari and Douglas P. Chivers. (2006) The dynamic nature of anti-predator behaviour: prey fish integrate threat-sensitive anti-predator responses within background levels of predation risk.  Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 61, 9-16.  

68) C.F. Purchase, H.P. Benoit, D.L. Boyce, Grant E. Brown, V. Gotceitas, B.J. Laurel, V. Puvanendran and R.J. Thompson. (2006). Joseph A. Brown, a tribute.  Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 63, iii-iv.  

67) Jocelyn M. Kelly, James C. Adrian, Jr., and Grant E. Brown. (2006). Can the ratio of aromatic skeletons explain cross-species responses within evolutionarily conserved Ostariophysan alarm cues?: testing the purine-ratio hypothesis. Chemoecology, 16, 93-96. 

66) Grant E. Brown, Tony Bongiorno, Daniel M. DiCapua, Laura I. Ivan, and Ellie Roh. (2006).  Effects of group size on the threat-sensitive response to varying concentrations of chemical alarm cues by juvenile convict cichlids. Canadian Journal of Zoology,  84, 1-8.  

65) Michael S. Pollock, Xiaoxia Zhao, Grant E. Brown, Robin C. Kusch, Robyn J. Pollock and Douglas P. Chivers. (2005)  The response of convict cichlids to damage release cues: an integrated study of behaviour, growth and reproduction. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 42, 485-495.  

64) Patricia Foam, Reehan S. Mirza, Douglas P. Chivers and Grant E. Brown. (2005).  Juvenile convict cichlids (Archocentrus nigrofasciatus) allocate foraging in response to temporal variation in predation risk. Behaviour, 142, 129-144.  

63) Maud C.O. Ferrari, Jennifer J. Trowell, Grant E. Brown and Douglas P. Chivers. (2005). The role of learning in the development of threat-sensitive predator avoidance by fathead minnows.  Animal Behaviour, 70, 777-784. 

62) Tamara Darwish, Reehan S. Mirza, Antoine O.H.C. Leduc and Grant E. Brown. (2005).  Acquired recognition of novel predator odour cocktails by juvenile glowlight tetras.  Animal Behaviour, 70, 83-89.  

61) Patricia Foam, Mark Harvey, Reehan S. Mirza and Grant E. Brown. (2005). Heads up: Juvenile convict cichlids rely on chemosensory information to make threat-sensitive foraging decisions.  Animal Behaviour, 70, 601- 607.  

60) Justin L. Golub, Veronique Vermette and Grant E. Brown. (2005). The response of pumpkinseed sunfish to conspecific and heterospecific chemical alarm cues under natural conditions: the effects of stimulus type, habitat and ontogeny.  Journal of Fish Biology, 66, 1073-1081.  

59) Grant E. Brown and Douglas P. Chivers. (2005).  Learning as an adaptive response to predation.  In: Ecology of Predator-Prey Interactions. P. Barbosa and I. Castellanos (eds). pp. 34-54, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

58) Grant E. Brown (2005). Local predation risk assessment based on low concentration chemical alarm cues in prey fishes: evidence for threat-sensitivity. In: Chemical Signals in Vertebrates X.  R.T. Mason, M. LeMaster and D. Müller-Schwarze (eds.) pp. 313-320. Springer, New York.

57) Michael S. Pollock, Douglas P. Chivers, Robert G. Friesen, Robin J. Tremaine, Robyn C. Kusch, X. Zhao and Grant E. Brown.  (2005). Learned recognition of heterospecific alarm cues by prey fishes: a case study of minnows and stickleback. In: Chemical Signals in Vertebrates X.  R.T. Mason, M. LeMaster and D. Müller-Schwarze (eds.) pp. 321-327. Springer, New York.

56) Ellie Roh, Reehan S. Mirza and Grant E. Brown. (2004). Quality or quantity?  The role of donor condition in the production of chemical alarm cues in juvenile convict cichlids. Behaviour, 141, 1235-1248.  

55) Mark C. Harvey and Grant E. Brown. (2004). Dine or Dash?: Ontogenetic shifts in the response of yellow perch to conspecific alarm cues.  Environmental Biology of Fishes, 70, 345-352.  

54) Jaewoo Kim, Grant E. Brown and James W.A. Grant. (2004). Interactions between patch size and predation risk affect competitive aggression and size variation in juvenile convict cichlids.  Animal Behaviour,  68, 1181- 1187.  

53) Grant E. Brown, Patricia E. Foam, Hilary E. Cowell, Palestina Guevara-Fiore and Douglas P. Chivers. (2004). Production of chemical alarm cues in juvenile convict cichlids: the effect of diet, condition, and ontogeny. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 41, 487-499. 

52) Grant E. Brown, Jean-Francois Poirier and James C. Adrian, Jr. (2004). Assessment of local predation risk: the role of sub-threshold concentration of chemical alarm cues. Behavioral Ecology, 15, 810-815.

51) Antoine O.H.C. Leduc, Maud C.O. Ferrari, Jocelyn M. Kelly and Grant E. Brown. (2004). Learning to recognize novel predators under weakly acidic conditions: the effects of reduced pH on acquired predator recognition by juvenile rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss). Chemoecology, 14, 107-112.  

50) Antoine O.H.C. Leduc, Jocelyn M. Kelly and Grant E. Brown. (2004).  Detection of conspecific alarm cues by juvenile salmonids under neutral and weakly acidic conditions: laboratory and field tests.  Oecologia, 139, 318- 324. 

49) Jason Marcus and Grant E. Brown. (2003). Response of pumpkinseed sunfish to conspecific chemical alarm cues: an interaction between ontogeny and stimulus concentration. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 81, 1671- 1677. 

48) Antoine O.H.C. Leduc, Meghan K. Noseworthy, James C. Adrian, Jr. and Grant E. Brown.  (2003).  Detection of conspecific and heterospecific alarm signals by juvenile pumpkinseed under weak acidic conditions. Journal of Fish Biology, 63, 1331-1336. 

47) Grant E. Brown and Gaelle Magnavacca. (2003).  Predator inspection behaviour in a  characin fish: an interaction between chemical and visual information? Ethology, 109, 739-750.  

46) Grant E. Brown, James C. Adrian, Jr., Nabil T. Naderi, Mark C. Harvey and Jocelyn M. Kelly. (2003).  Nitrogen-oxides elicit antipredator responses in juvenile channel catfish, but not convict cichlids or rainbow trout: conservation of the Ostariophysan alarm pheromone.  Journal of Chemical Ecology, 29, 1781-1796.  

45) Grant E. Brown. (2003).  Learning about danger: chemical alarm cues and local risk assessment in prey fishes. Fish and Fisheries, 4, 227-234.  (invited review).  

44) Justin L. Golub and Grant E. Brown. (2003).  Are all signals the same?:  Ontogenetic changes in the response to conspecific and heterospecific alarm signals by juvenile green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus).  Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 54, 113-118.  

43) Grant E. Brown, Gershaneck, D.L., Plata, D.L. and Golub J.L. (2002).  Ontogenetic changes in response to heterospecific alarm cues by juvenile largemouth bass are phenotypically plastic. Behaviour, 139, 913-927. 

42) Grant E. Brown, James C. Adrian, Jr., Michael G. Lewis and Jon M. Tower. (2002).  The effects of reduced pH on chemical alarm signalling in Ostariophysan fishes. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 59, 1331-1338. 

41) Grant E. Brown and Victoria M Dreier. (2002).  Predator inspection behaviour and attack cone avoidance in a characin fish: the effects of predator diet and prey experience.  Animal Behaviour, 63, 1175-1181. 

40) Grant E. Brown and Melissa M. Zachar. (2002).  Chemical predator inspection in a characin fish (Hemigrammus erythrozonus, Characidae, Ostariophysi): the effects of mixed predator diets. Ethology, 108, 451-462. 

39) Grant E. Brown, James C. Adrian, Jr., Todd Patton and Douglas P. Chivers. (2001).  Fathead minnows learn to recognize predator odour when exposed to concentrations of artificial alarm pheromones below their behavioural response thresholds.  Canadian Journal of Zoology, 79, 2239-2245.  

38) Grant E. Brown, James C. Adrian, Jr., Jody Erickson, Ilyssa H. Kaufman and Devon Gershaneck.  (2001).  Responses to nitrogen-oxides by Characiforme fishes suggest evolutionary conservation in Ostariophysan alarm pheromones.  In: Chemical Signals in Vertebrates, Volume 9.  A. Marchlewska-Koj, J.J. Lepri and D. Müller-Schwarze (eds.)  pp. 305-312.  Plenum Press, New York.

37) Grant E. Brown and Erica M. Schwarzbauer. (2001). Chemical predator inspection and attack cone avoidance in a Characin fish: the effects of predator diet. Behaviour, 138, 727-739.  

36) Grant E. Brown, Justin L. Golub and Desiree Plata (2001).  Attack cone avoidance during predator inspection visits by wild finescale dace (Phoxinus neogaeus): the effects of predator diet.  Journal of Chemical Ecology, 27, 1657-1666. 

35) Grant E. Brown, Valerie Le Blanc and Lindsay E. Porter.  (2001). Ontogenetic changes in the response of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides, Centrarchidae, Perciformes) to heterospecific alarm pheromones.  Ethology, 107, 401-414. 

34) Grant E. Brown, James C. Adrian, Jr. and Matthew Shih. (2001).  Behavioural responses of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) to hypoxanthine-3-N-oxide at varying concentrations. Journal of Fish Biology, 58, 1465- 1470. 

33) Grant E. Brown and Scott Brennan. (2000). Chemical alarm signals in juvenile green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus, Centrarchidae). Copeia, 2000, 1079-1082.

32) Grant E. Brown, Jessica A. Paige and Jean-Guy J. Godin.  (2000).  Chemically-mediated predator inspection behaviour in the absence of predator visual cues by a characin fish.  Animal Behaviour, 60, 315-321.  

31) Grant E. Brown and Joseph Cowan.  (2000).  Foraging trade-offs and predator inspection in an Ostariophysan fish: switching from chemical to visual cues.  Behaviour, 137, 181-196.  

30) Grant E. Brown, James C. Adrian, Jr., Erin Smyth, Heather Leet and Scott Brennan. (2000).  Ostariophysan alarm pheromones: laboratory and field tests of the functional significance of nitrogen-oxides.  Journal of Chemical Ecology, 26, 139-154.  

29) Alicia Mathis, Douglas P. Chivers, Brain D. Wisenden, Grant E. Brown and Reehan S. Mirza. (2000).  A tribute to R. Jan F. Smith 1940-1998. Oikos, 88, 100-102.  

28) Douglas P. Chivers, Alicia Mathis, Grant E. Brown, Reehan S. Mirza, and Brain D. Wisenden.  (1999).  Scratching the skin of predator-prey interaction in fishes: a tribute to R. Jan F. Smith (1940-1998).  Environmental Biology of Fishes, 56, 343-350.  

27) Grant E. Brown and Jean-Guy J. Godin. (1999). Chemical alarm signals in Trinidadian guppies: laboratory and field evidence.  Canadian Journal of Zoology, 77, 562-570. 

26) Grant E. Brown, Jean-Guy J. Godin and Jessica Pederson. (1999). Fin flicking behaviour: a visual antipredator alarm signal in a characin fish (Hemigrammus erythrozonus). Animal Behaviour, 59, 469-476.  

25) Grant E. Brown and Jean-Guy Godin. (1999).  Who dares, learns: chemical inspection behaviour and acquired predator recognition in a characin fish.  Animal Behaviour, 57, 475-481. 

24) John I. Garver, Paul G. Gremillion, Don T. Rodbell, Grant E. Brown and Mike E. Hagerman. (1999). Enhancing cross-disciplinary learning through limnological studies in the Environmental Studies program at Union College. EOS Transactions, American Geological Union, 80, 121-123.

23) Grant E. Brown and R. Jan F. Smith. (1998). Acquired predator recognition in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): conditioning hatchery reared fish to recognize chemical cues of a predator. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 55, 611-617. 

22) Grant E. Brown and R. Jan F. Smith, (1997).  Conspecific skin extract elicits anti-predator behaviour in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).  Canadian Journal of Zoology, 75, 1916-1922.  

21) Grant E. Brown and Jean-Guy J. Godin. (1997).  Anti-predator responses to conspecific and heterospecific skin extract by threespine sticklebacks: alarm pheromones revisited. Behaviour, 134, 1123-1134.  

20) Grant E. Brown, Douglas P. Chivers and R. Jan F. Smith (1997).  Differential learning rates of chemical versus visual cues of a northern pike by fathead minnows in a natural habitat.  Environmental Biology of Fishes, 49, 89-96. 

19) Grant E. Brown and R. Jan F. Smith (1996).  Foraging trade-offs in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas): acquired predator recognition in the absence of an alarm response.  Ethology, 102, 776-785.

18) Douglas P. Chivers, Grant E. Brown and R. Jan F. Smith, (1996).  The evolution of chemical alarm signals: attracting predators benefits alarm signal senders.  American Naturalist, 148, 649-659.

17) Grant E. Brown and Joseph A. Brown.  (1996)  Kin discrimination in salmonids.  Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 6, 201-219. 

16) Grant E. Brown, Joseph A. Brown and W. Ross Wilson.  (1996). Effects of kinship on the growth of juvenile Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus).  Journal of Fish Biology, 48, 313-320.

15) Grant E. Brown and Joseph A. Brown.  (1996).  Does kin-biased behaviour increase kin-biased foraging in juvenile salmonids?  Behavioral Ecology, 7, 24-29.

14) Grant E. Brown, Douglas P. Chivers, and R. Jan F. Smith.  (1996).  The effects of diet on localized defecation by northern pike, Esox luciusJournal of Chemical Ecology, 22, 467-475.

13) Grant E. Brown, Douglas P. Chivers and R. Jan F. Smith.  (1995).  Fathead minnows avoid conspecific and heterospecific alarm pheromones in the faeces of northern pike.  Journal of Fish Biology, 47, 387-393.

12) Brian D. Wisenden, Douglas P. Chivers, Grant E. Brown and R. Jan F. Smith. (1995).  The role of experience in risk assessment: avoidance of areas chemically labeled with fathead minnow alarm pheromone by conspecifics and heterospecifics.  Écoscience, 2, 116-122.

11) Douglas P. Chivers, Grant E. Brown and R. Jan F. Smith. (1995).  Familiarity and shoal cohesion in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas): implications for anti-predator behaviour.  Canadian Journal of Zoology, 73, 955-960.

10) Grant E. Brown, Douglas P Chivers and R. Jan F. Smith. (1995). Localization defecation by pike: a response to cyprinid alarm pheromone? Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 36, 105-110.

9) Douglas P. Chivers, Grant E. Brown and R. Jan F. Smith. (1995). Acquired recognition of predator odour by brook sticklebacks.  Ethology, 99, 234-242.

8) Grant E. Brown and R. Jan F. Smith. (1994).  Fathead minnows use chemical cues to discriminate shoalmates from unfamiliar conspecifics.  Journal of Chemical Ecology, 20, 3051-3061.

7) Sandra M. Mercer, Grant E. Brown, Susan Clearwater and Z. Yao. (1993). Observations of the copulatory behaviour of the Ocean pout (Macrozoarces americanus).  Canadian Field Naturalist, 107, 242-244.

6) Grant E. Brown, Joseph A. Brown and Amy M. Crosbie. (1993).  Phenotype matching in juvenile rainbow trout.  Animal Behaviour, 46, 1223-1225.

5) Grant E. Brown and Joseph A. Brown. (1993). Do kin always make better neighbours?: the role of territory quality.  Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 33, 223-231.

4) Grant E. Brown and Joseph A. Brown. (1993). Social dynamics in salmonid fishes: Do kin make better neighbours? Animal Behaviour, 45, 863-871.

3) Grant E. Brown, Joseph A. Brown and Rakesh K. Srivastava. (1992). The effects of density upon the behaviour of young Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus).  Journal of Fish Biology, 41, 955-963.

2) Grant E. Brown and Joseph A. Brown. (1992).  Do rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon discriminate kin?  Canadian Journal of Zoology, 70, 1636-1640.

1) G.L. Chew and Grant E. Brown. (1989).  Orientation of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) in normal and null magnetic fields. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 67, 641-643.