History and Explanation
Expectations for our youth have evolved over the years to meet the needs of society. In 1975, P.L. 94-142 (Education of All Handicapped Children Act) became law to protect the rights of all handicapped children to a free and appropriate education. The 1990 Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) introduced and addressed the issue of Transition services for students. At the same time, a new federal law emerged, called American Disabilities Act (ADA), which protected the rights of all disabled people.
The reauthorization of IDEA in 1997 expanded the definition of Transition services, as an "outcome oriented process, that is student driven (interest and preferences) with a coordinated set of activities". The law required the inclusion of Transition services language in the student's IEP no later than the age of fourteen.
Workability Badger
IDEA'04, also known as IDEIA '04, maintained many of the components of the 1997 law. What changed is the new age requirement for the inclusion of Transition services language in the IEP. The law now mandates inclusion of Transition no later than the student's 16th birthday.
The law also requires that Transition services language be written in appropriate, measureable post-secondary goals based on age-appropriate transition assessment. It is no longer necessary to have a new evaluation when a student will end eligibility for special education due to graduation with a diploma or aging out of the program. However, districts are required to provide those students who are exiting the program due to graduation with a diploma or those aging out of the program with a Summary of Performance.
Realizing successful post-secondary outcomes is a goal we have for all students. Depending on the disability and the support services required in adult life, successful transition from high school to adult life may require that planning activities begin in elementary school with students exploring their interests in middle school. Starting the process early prepares students with disabilities to think about what they want to be able to do in adult life. Not just "what they want to be". High school transition planning includes exploring post-secondary opportunities and employment options and may include connecting with the adult service agencies that may provide the student with services when he or she graduates or turn 22 years of age.
The adult service system is complex and understanding it is essential for effective transition planning. When students with disabilities graduate from school or turn 22 years of age, they move from an entitlement to a non-entitlement system. While in school, students receive services and supports mandated by federal and state law. As adults, while they may be eligible for services from adult service agencies, these services are not an entitlement which means they are not guaranteed. Consequently, it is essential that educators, parents and students understand the adult service system years before adult services need to be accessed. It is a sound practice to invite adult service agencies to speak to groups of students and individuals who live with and work with students with disabilities in order to understand the eligibility processes specific to each agency as well as the services that are available to adults with disabilities.
Understanding oneself is developed through interest and skills inventory surveys:
Making choices for oneself can include:
planning class schedules
researching colleges/vocational schools
Monitoring grades and GPA
Completing various applications/forms
Setting short-term and long-term goals
Speaking up for oneself can include:
Presenting at each annual IEP through a Google Presentation designed by the student, about the student
Voicing/reminding general education teachers of IEP accommodations/modifications in the classroom
Attending all IEPs
Knowing who to ask for specific questions
In California, regardless of the severity of their disability, students are considered adults and competent to make their own decisions at age 18 (Age of Majority). Unless there is a court appointed guardian or the student has chosen to share decision making with his or her parent, the school district must seek the consent of the student to continue the special education program. Students at age 18 have the right to make their own educational and medical decisions and must sign all consent forms, including their IEPs. Parents and students must be notified about the transfer of parental rights to the student at least 1 year before the student turns 18 years of age.
"While aiming to produce high levels of academic proficiency from students, I also believe it is important to provide a quality educational experience. This involves building strong relationships with students and staff, communicating with parents, delivering instruction that caters to the different learning styles of students, being consistent, using best practice instructional approaches, delivering engaging instruction which motivates students to learn and preparing my students for their future possibilities."
GeGe Drozen
YUSD’s Functional Skills Program meets the individualized needs of students with disabilities in grades 9-12, plus through age 22. This is a certificate track program (non-diploma), and students only qualify for this program through the individualized education plan (IEP) process. In order for a student to be eligible, it must be determined through the IEP process that this program provides a free and appropriate public education (FAPE) in the least restrictive environment (LRE).
The Functional Skills program incorporates a blend of academic skills and daily living skills, and focuses mainly on preparing students to live as independently as possible when they are adults. Students will also be provided with the opportunity to participate in a work experience program. Our goal is to prepare students to become fully functioning members of our community through a functional blend of academic, life and job skills. The five domains that are addressed within this Program are:
Vocational
The purpose of instruction in the vocational domain is to increase the likelihood of students functioning and contributing as adults within our society and increase opportunities of obtaining employment. It includes instruction in work related skills, job seeking skills and skill training.
Functional Academics
The purpose of the functional academics domain is to stress academic skills necessary to participate in everyday life with goals for maximum independence. To be functional, these must be related to real life activities, encountered in everyday living. Functional academics are learned and applied in both classroom and community settings.
Community
The purpose of the community domain is to prepare the student to access and use community environments as independently and completely as possible. Instruction includes the areas of shopping, travel, eating out, and use of public services.
Domestic
The purpose of the domestic domain is to prepare the student to become as independent as possible in his/her living environment. Included in instruction are personal care, food preparation, and housekeeping skills.
Recreation and Leisure
The purpose of the recreation and leisure domain is to enable students to engage in constructive and personally satisfying leisure activities in school, home, and the community.
The Functional Skills program is a self-contained special education class with a low staff to student ratio (approximately 1:4). It is taught by a credentialed Special Education Teacher and staffed with additional paraprofessional support, depending on enrollment. Instruction is individualized based on skill levels and IEP goals.
Basic skills Reading
Basic skills Science
Basic skills Writing
Basic skills Health
Basic skills Math
Basic skills Social Science
Managing personal finances
Managing a household
Caring for personal needs
Safety awareness
Responsible citizenship
Personal and public transportation
Using community resources
Pre- Vocational and Vocational Skills
Exhibiting appropriate work habits and behavior
Seeking, securing, and maintaining employment
Communication
Using appropriate social skills with friends, co-workers, and other citizens
Problem Solving
Emotional Regulation
Technology and the applications for daily life, including safety and responsibility.
Self-advocacy Problem solving skills
Students who are enrolled in this program will be mainstreamed into general education subject classes as much as possible, and they will also participate in electives and physical education classes. Functional Skills students will also participate with other high school students in lunch, activities, and extra curriculars—specifics for each student will be determined by his/her IEP. Students who satisfactorily have met his/her IEP goals during high school, as determined by IEP team, will be eligible for a Certificate of Completion upon completion of his/her Senior year, and will also be eligible to participate in graduation ceremonies with other high school students. Students who receive a Certificate of Completion are eligible to continue to receive special education services until they are twenty-two. Therefore, it may be appropriate for some students who earn a Certificate of Completion to continue in the Functional Skills program—final determination will be through the IEP process.
BASIC SKILLS MATH: The course is a functional math class with emphasis on life skills math. It will include telling time, addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, percent and decimals. The class will also review fractions, graphs and measurement.
BASIC SKILLS ENGLISH: A reading program designed to build and strengthen reading and writing skills. Basics of the writing process will be reviewed, with emphasis on structure, grammar, vocabulary enhancement and content. Comprehension will be advanced through the use of simple sentence structure and confidence. The course also focuses on survival skills reading, necessary in daily activities. This includes signs, community resource materials, culinary reading, danger warnings and product information.
BASIC SCIENCE: This course is a functional class that emphasizes the study of life science. Students will study living organisms, reproduction, and the human body and its systems. Students will participate in a variety of learning activities to better understand life science. Students explore the basic concepts of physical science, which is the study of matter and energy. This course will introduce students to the history and nature of science. Students will be encouraged to explore the relationship between science and everyday life.
BASIC SKILLS HISTORY: This course is a functional social science class with an emphasis on world history, United States history starting from the major turning points in the shaping of the modern world from the distant past to the present and study the major turning points in the 20th century American history. After reviewing our nation’s beginnings, students build upon their previous U.S. and World History studies. Importance is placed on how the world’s peoples, places, and environments have changed our lives
VOCATIONAL SKILLS: Prerequisites: IEP team recommendation & Special Education Administrator approval. Students will develop appropriate work habits and vocational skills necessary for supported employment or paid employment. Students will focus on functional literacy as it pertains to job readiness. They also learn related employ-ability skills such as being on time; staying on task; following rules and instructions; and calendar skills related to work. Students will also develop appropriate social, self-advocacy, decision- making and refusal skills to initiate and maintain healthy relationships in school, home, work and community. Students will participate in role-plays, social stories and journal writing activities. Students will also develop consumer skills necessary to communicate and interact with community members. Students learn money handling, counting change, how to pay for goods and services, and comparison shopping.
COMMUNITY BASED WORK EXPERIENCE: The course focuses on students interacting with their community, vocational, service learning (Volunteering), Learning to access community services and recreational activities. The focus of this course is community based.
The Functional Skills Program at YHS offers
a Certificate of Completion and does not offer a Diploma