Research
Research
昆虫が植物に作る特殊な「虫こぶ」の研究を進めています。虫こぶは、本来植物が作る果実などは全く異なる構造で、虫こぶ形成昆虫が植物の器官形成メカニズムをハイジャックして(乗っ取って)、自分に都合のよい食料源兼シェルターを作っています。これまでの研究から、虫こぶ形成には植物ホルモンや花器官形成遺伝子が関与することが分かってきていますが、その形成メカニズムのほとんどは明らかにされていません。私たちのグループは、ヨモギなどの草本植物をモデルとして、虫こぶ形成メカニズムの解明を目指す研究を進めています。
1.ホスト植物の培養系、形質転換系の確立
2.虫こぶの機能性成分の解析
3.虫なし虫こぶの形成技術の開発
40%を下回る食料自給率、化石燃料輸入に頼るエネルギー源、温暖化、開発による水・土・空気の汚染など、現代日本社会は、食料生産に関して様々な問題を抱えています。これらの問題を解決するために、植物や昆虫の能力を利用した、環境負荷の極めて少ない農作物生産技術の開発を進めています。具体的には、植物を育てるGreen-Agriと、食用昆虫飼育のInsect-Agriを組み合わせた「屋内での環境循環型食料生産技術」の開発を進めています。
1.小型の穀物・野菜の作出・選抜
2.食用昆虫飼育技術の開発、加工食品開発
3.屋内での栽培・飼育技術の開発
1.花弁形成機構の解明(シロイヌナズナ、アサガオ、サギソウ)
2.食用昆虫・生物防除に関する研究(タイ・PSUとの国際共同研究)
3.花き作物(ハス、ラン等)の収穫後鮮度保持技術開発 (タイ・TSUとの国際共同研究)
・シロイヌナズナの花粉遺伝子と切り花の花もちの関係性の検証
・小ギクの形態と開花に関する研究
・アブラナ科植物の花柱頭乳頭毛(パピラ)の伸長メカニズム研究
・機能性成分を蓄積するミントの葉腺毛形態解析
・園芸作物バラの遺伝子流出を検出する技術開発
・Bio/Eco-farming (自然栽培)の科学エビデンス
– Keywords: Plants, Insects, Unusual shapes –
We are studying insect-induced plant galls, which are special structures formed when insects manipulate plants. Galls differ completely from naturally occurring plant organs such as fruits. Gall-inducing insects hijack the plant’s organ development mechanisms to create customized structures that serve as both food sources and protective shelters. Previous studies have revealed that plant hormones and floral organ identity genes are involved in gall formation. However, the detailed mechanisms remain largely unknown. Our group is working to uncover these mechanisms using herbaceous plants such as mugwort (Artemisia) as model systems.
Establishment of host plant culture and transformation systems
Analysis of functional components in galls
Development of techniques for inducing gall-like structures without insects
Modern Japanese society faces serious issues related to food production: a food self-sufficiency rate below 40%, dependence on imported fossil fuels for energy, global warming, and environmental pollution of water, soil, and air caused by development. To address these problems, we are developing eco-friendly food production systems that make use of the natural capacities of plants and insects. Specifically, we aim to establish an indoor, environmentally sustainable food production system by combining Green-Agri (plant cultivation) with Insect-Agri (edible insect farming).
Breeding and selection of small-sized grains and vegetables
Development of edible insect rearing techniques and insect-based food products
Development of indoor cultivation and rearing systems
Mechanisms of petal formation (Arabidopsis, morning glory, Habenaria)
Research on edible insects and biological pest control (international collaboration with PSU, Thailand)
Development of postharvest freshness preservation technologies for ornamental crops (lotus, orchids, etc.) (international collaboration with TSU, Thailand)
Relationship between pollen-related genes in Arabidopsis and cut flower longevity
Morphology and flowering studies in Chrysanthemum
Mechanisms of papilla cell elongation in Brassicaceae stigmas
Morphological analysis of glandular trichomes in mint leaves accumulating functional compounds
Development of detection methods for gene flow in cultivated roses
Scientific evidence for Bio/Eco-farming (natural cultivation methods)