Embedded Files
- new and emerging technologies
- energy generation and storage
- developments in new materials
- systems approach to designing
- mechanical devices
- materials and their working properties.
All of this section must be taught and all will be assessed.
Industry
Industry
Content
Potential links to maths and science
The impact of new and emerging technologies on:
- the design and organisation of the workplace including automation and the use of robotics
- buildings and the place of work
- tools and equipment.
Enterprise
Enterprise
Content
Potential links to maths and science
Enterprise based on the development of an effective business innovation:
- crowd funding
- virtual marketing and retail
- co-operatives
- fair trade.
Sustainability
Sustainability
Content
Potential links to maths and science
The impact of resource consumption on the planet:
- finite
- non–finite
- disposal of waste.
Taking into consideration the ecological and social footprint of materials.
People
People
Content
Potential links to maths and science
How technology push/market pull affects choice.
Changing job roles due to the emergence of new ways of working driven by technological change.
Culture
Culture
Content
Potential links to maths and science
Changes in fashion and trends in relation to new and emergent technologies.
Respecting people of different faiths and beliefs.
Society
Society
Content
Potential links to maths and science
How products are designed and made to avoid having a negative impact on others:
- design for disabled
- elderly
- different religious groups.
Environment
Environment
Content
Potential links to maths and science
Positive and negative impacts new products have on the environment:
- continuous improvement
- efficient working
- pollution
- global warming.
Production techniques and systems
Production techniques and systems
Content
Potential links to maths and science
The contemporary and potential future use of:
- automation
- computer aided design (CAD)
- computer aided manufacture (CAM)
- flexible manufacturing systems (FMS)
- just in time (JIT)
- lean manufacturing.
How the critical evaluation of new and emerging technologies informs design decisions
How the critical evaluation of new and emerging technologies informs design decisions
Content
Potential links to maths and science
That it is important to consider scenarios from different perspectives and considering:
- planned obsolescence
- design for maintenance
- ethics
- the environment.
Ethical factors and consideration of ecological and social footprint.
Energy generation and storage
Energy generation and storage
Students should understand how energy is generated and stored and how this is used as the basis for the selection of products and power systems.
Fossil fuels
Fossil fuels
Content
Potential links to maths and science
How power is generated from:
- coal
- gas
- oil.
Arguments for and against the selection of fossil fuels.
How to choose appropriate energy sources
Nuclear power
Nuclear power
Content
Potential links to maths and science
How nuclear power is generated.
Arguments for and against the selection of nuclear power.
How to choose appropriate energy sources.
Renewable energy
Renewable energy
Content
Potential links to maths and science
How power is generated from:
- wind
- solar
- tidal
- hydro-electrical
- biomass.
Arguments for and against the selection of renewable energy.
How to choose appropriate energy sources.
Energy storage systems including batteries
Energy storage systems including batteries
Content
Potential links to maths and science
Kinetic pumped storage systems.
Alkaline and re-chargeable batteries.
How to choose appropriate energy sources.
Developments in new materials
Developments in new materials
Students should be aware of developments in new materials.
Modern materials
Modern materials
Content
Potential links to maths and science
Developments made through the invention of new or improved processes eg Graphene, Metal foams and Titanium.
Alterations to perform a particular function eg Coated metals, Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs) and Nanomaterials.
Classification of the types of properties of a range of materials.
Selecting appropriate materials.
Extracting information from technical specifications.
Smart materials
Smart materials
Content
Potential links to maths and science
That materials can have one or more properties that can be significantly changed in a controlled fashion by external stimuli, such as stress, temperature, moisture, or PH eg shape memory alloys, thermochromic pigments and photochromic pigments
Classification of the types of properties of a range of materials.
Selecting appropriate materials.
Extracting information from technical specifications.
Composite materials
Composite materials
Content
Potential links to maths and science
That composite materials are produced by combining two or more different materials to create an enhanced material eg glass reinforced plastic (GRP) and carbonfibre reinforced plastic (CRP).
Classification of the types of properties of a range of materials.
Selecting appropriate materials.
Extracting information from technical specifications.
Technical textiles
Technical textiles
Content
Potential links to maths and science
How fibres can be spun to make enhanced fabrics eg conductive fabrics, fire resistant fabrics, kevlar and microfibres incorporating micro encapsulation.
Classification of the types of properties of a range of materials.
Selecting appropriate materials.
Extracting information from technical specifications.
Systems approach to designing
Systems approach to designing
Students should consider electronic systems including programmable components to provide functionality to products and processes, and enhance and customise their operation.
Input s
Input s
Content
Potential links to maths and science
The use of light sensors, temperature sensors, pressure sensors and switches.
Extracting information from technical specifications.
Component names, interaction and operation.
Processes
Processes
Content
Potential links to maths and science
The use of programming microcontrollers as counters, timers and for decision making, to provide functionality to products and processes.
Extracting information from technical specifications.
Component names, interaction and operation.
Outputs
Outputs
Content
Potential links to maths and science
The use of buzzers, speakers and lamps, to provide functionality to products and processes.
Extracting information from technical specifications.
Component names, interaction and operation.
Mechanical devices
Mechanical devices
Different types of movement
Different types of movement
Content
Potential links to maths and science
The functions of mechanical devices to produce linear, rotary, reciprocating and oscillating movements.
Visualise and represent 2D and 3D objects including 2D diagrams of mechanisms/mechanical movement.
Changing magnitude and direction of force
Changing magnitude and direction of force
Content
Potential links to maths and science
Levers:
- first order
- second order
- third order
Linkages:
- bell cranks
- push/pull.
Rotary systems:
- CAMs and followers
- simple gear trains
- pulleys and belts.
The action of forces and how levers and gears transmit and transform the effects of forces.
Arithmetic and numerical computation eg use ratios.
Use angular measures in degrees, visualise and represent 2D and 3D objects including 2D diagrams of mechanisms/ mechanical movement.
Knowledge of the function of mechanical devices to produce different sorts of movement, changing the magnitude and direction of forces.
Materials and their working properties
Materials and their working properties
Students should know and understand the categorisation of the types and properties of the following materials.
3.1.6.1 Material categories
3.1.6.1 Material categories
Papers and boards
Content
Potential links to maths and science
Students should have an overview of the main categories and types of papers and boards:
papers including:
- bleed proof
- cartridge paper
- grid
- layout paper
- tracing paper
boards including:
- corrugated card
- duplex board
- foil lined board
- foam core board
- ink jet card
- solid white board.
Classification of the types and properties of a range of materials.
Physical properties of materials related to use and knowledge applied when designing and making.
Natural and manufactured timbers
Content
Potential links to maths and science
Students should have an overview of the main categories and types of natural and manufactured timbers:
hardwoods including:
- ash
- beech
- mahogany
- oak
- balsa
softwoods including:
- larch
- pine
- spruce
manufactured boards including:
- medium density fibreboard (MDF)
- plywood
- chipboard.
Classification of the types and properties of a range of materials.
Physical properties of materials related to use and knowledge applied when designing and making.
Metals and alloys
Content
Potential links to maths and science
Students should have an overview of the main categories and types of metals and alloys:
ferrous metals including:
- low carbon steel
- cast Iron
- high carbon/tool steel
non ferrous metals including:
- aluminum
- copper
- tin
- zinc
alloys including:
- brass
- stainless steel
- high speed steel.
Classification of the types and properties of a range of materials.
Physical properties of materials related to use and knowledge applied when designing and making.
Polymers
Content
Potential links to maths and science
Students should have an overview of the main categories and types of polymers:
thermoforming including:
- acrylic (PMMA)
- high impact polystyrene (HIPS
- high density polythene (HDPE)
- polypropylene (PP)
- polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
- polyethylene terephthalate (PET)
thermosetting including:
- epoxy resin (ER)
- melamine-formaldehyde (MF)
- phenol formaldehyde (PF)
- polyester resin (PR)
- urea–formaldehyde (UF).
Classification of the types and properties of a range of materials.
Physical properties of materials related to use and knowledge applied when designing and making.
Textiles
Content
Potential links to maths and science
Students should have an overview of the main categories and types of textiles:
- natural fibres, including cotton, wool and silk
- synthetic fibres, including polyester, polyamide (nylon) and elastane (lycra)
- blended and mixed fibres, including cotton/polyester
- woven, including plain weave
- non-woven, including bonded fabrics and felted fabrics
- knitted textiles including knitted fabrics.
Classification of the types and properties of a range of materials.
Physical properties of materials related to use and knowledge applied when designing and making.
3.1.6.2 Material properties
3.1.6.2 Material properties
Students should have an understanding of the working and physical properties of the materials in Material categories.
Material properties
Content
Potential links to maths and science
In relation to the main categories outlined above (not the specific materials identified), students should know and understand physical properties such as:
- absorbency (resistance to moisture)
- density
- fusibility
- electrical and thermal conductivity.
In relation to the main categories outlined above (not the specific materials identified), students should know and understand working properties such as:
- strength
- hardness
- toughness
- malleability
- ductility and elasticity.
Scientific vocabulary eg metals/non-metals and physical and chemical differences between them eg types and properties across a range of materials.
Using materials eg composition of some important alloys eg selection of an alloy for enhanced durability in a particular design situation.
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