Embedded Files
Introduction
Introduction
By definition, a compass is an instrument used to tell direction. Compasses have been used for hundreds of years in expeditions, sailing voyages and the exploration of new areas.
Magnetism
Magnetism
The term "compass" is usually referring to a magnetic compass. They are by far the most popular and widely used compasses in the world. Essentially, there is a magnetic needle that is able to move freely and align with the Earth's magnetic field. The ends of the needle point towards what is referred to as the magnetic north and south.
The gyro compass is another popular type. Through using a rapidly spinning disc and the rotation of the Earth, it works to find the proper geographical direction.
How it all started...
How it all started...
Many historians believe China was the first civilization to utilize compasses over 2000 years ago. The first rudimentary compass was made using lodestone, a special form of mineral with magnetic properties. The lodestone was fashioned into a spoon and placed on a flat plate made of bronze. Due to the properties of the lodestone, the handle of the spoon always pointed towards the south. By the T'ang dynasty, scholars were able to magnetize a small needle by rubbing it on lodestone. It was then placed in a bowl of water to freely float and form a wet compass. This proved to be much more handy for navigation because of its smaller size and thus convenient portability.
Over time, explorers realized the "north" indicated by the compass was not the same as the Earth's true geographic north. This difference between the true and magnetic north is referred to as variation. As industry and construction rapidly changed, compasses had to be altered to adjust to ships and planes being made out of iron and steel. This was done by adding metal sources near the compass to increase the accuracy of the readings.
Today, navigation looks a lot different with the help of GPS and smart phones. However, knowing how to properly use a compass can come in handy during activities like hiking, canoeing or just as a skill to show off!
Page updated
Report abuse