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The Federal Reserve manages the supply of money and regulates the banking industry. Required Reserves is the percentage of deposits all banks must keep with the Federal Reserve.
The Federal Reserve's main tool is open market operations, where they either buy bonds to expand the money supply or they sell bonds to contract the money supply. These operations have a direct effect on banks' reserves, and the federal funds rate - the interest rate banks lend to each other at.
Bank balance sheets consist of assets and liabilities. They provide a glimpse into what actions are being taken by the Federal Reserve.
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