forces & motion
5.P.1.1 Explain how factors such as gravity, friction, and change in mass affect the motion of objects.
5.P.1.2 Infer the motion of objects in terms of how far they travel in a certain amount of time and the direction in which they travel.
5.P.1.3 Illustrate the motion of an object using a graph to show a change in position over a period of time.
5.P.1.4 Predict the effect of a given force or a change in mass on the motion of an object
5.P.2.2 Compare the weight of an object to the sum of the weight of its parts before and after an interaction.
5.P.2.3 Summarize properties of original materials, and the new material(s) formed, to demonstrate that a change has occurred.
Vocabulary Words:
Potential energy: stored energy in an object
Kinetic energy: energy of a moving object
Force: a push or pull
Gravity: the force that pulls objects towards the Earth
Mass: how much matter is in an object, similar to weight
Newton's Laws of motion
inertia
An object in motion will keep moving at the same speed and direction unless a force acts changes its motion.
acceleration
Acceleration is a change in speed or direction.
More mass = slow down
More force = speed up
action & reaction
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
friction & Gravity
Friction: a force acting in the opposite direction of a moving object, occurs when 2 objects rub against each other
Which surface has more friction -- snow/ice or grass?
Speed & Distance-time graphs
Speed: distance traveled in a certain amount of time (measured in units such as miles per hour)
Speed = distance ➗ time
Try this example problem:
Mrs. Wilcox drove 180 miles to the beach over Spring Break. It took her 3 hours to get there. How fast was she driving?
Distance- Time Graph: shows how far an object travels in a given time
time is on the x-axis
distance is on the y-axis
the steepness of the line shows us the speed
changes in matter
We can observe when properties of matter change.
Some changes alter the physical properties of the substance, such as color, size, shape, and phase of matter.
Some changes create a new substance, such as burning, rotting, and rusting.
Take a look at these nails. What changes do you notice in their properties?
Look at this ice cube. What changes do you notice as it melts?