forces & motion

  • 5.P.1.1 Explain how factors such as gravity, friction, and change in mass affect the motion of objects.

  • 5.P.1.2 Infer the motion of objects in terms of how far they travel in a certain amount of time and the direction in which they travel.

  • 5.P.1.3 Illustrate the motion of an object using a graph to show a change in position over a period of time.

  • 5.P.1.4 Predict the effect of a given force or a change in mass on the motion of an object

  • 5.P.2.2 Compare the weight of an object to the sum of the weight of its parts before and after an interaction.

  • 5.P.2.3 Summarize properties of original materials, and the new material(s) formed, to demonstrate that a change has occurred.

Vocabulary Words:

Potential energy: stored energy in an object

Kinetic energy: energy of a moving object

Force: a push or pull

Gravity: the force that pulls objects towards the Earth

Mass: how much matter is in an object, similar to weight

Newton's Laws of motion

inertia

An object in motion will keep moving at the same speed and direction unless a force acts changes its motion.

acceleration

Acceleration is a change in speed or direction.

More mass = slow down

More force = speed up

action & reaction

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.


friction & Gravity

Friction: a force acting in the opposite direction of a moving object, occurs when 2 objects rub against each other



Which surface has more friction -- snow/ice or grass?

Speed & Distance-time graphs

Speed: distance traveled in a certain amount of time (measured in units such as miles per hour)


Speed = distance ➗ time

Try this example problem:

Mrs. Wilcox drove 180 miles to the beach over Spring Break. It took her 3 hours to get there. How fast was she driving?

Distance- Time Graph: shows how far an object travels in a given time

  • time is on the x-axis

  • distance is on the y-axis

  • the steepness of the line shows us the speed

changes in matter

We can observe when properties of matter change.

  • Some changes alter the physical properties of the substance, such as color, size, shape, and phase of matter.

  • Some changes create a new substance, such as burning, rotting, and rusting.

Take a look at these nails. What changes do you notice in their properties?

Look at this ice cube. What changes do you notice as it melts?