forces & motion / Matter

PS.5.2.1 Carry out investigations to explain how factors such as gravity, friction, and change in mass affect the motion of objects.
PS.5.2.2 Use mathematics and computational thinking to infer the motion of an object (including position, direction, and speed).
PS 5.1.1 Carry out investigations to compare the weight of objects before and after an interaction.
PS. 5.1.2 Carry out investigations to explain whether the mixing of two or more substances results in new substances.
PS 5.1.3 Carry out investigations to compare how heating and cooling affect some materials and how this relates to their purpose and practical applications.

Potential energy: stored energy in an object

Kinetic energy: energy of a moving object

Force: a push or pull

Gravity: the force that pulls objects towards the Earth

Mass: how much matter is in an object, similar to weight

Newton's Laws of motion

An object in motion will keep moving at the same speed and direction unless a force acts changes its motion.

Acceleration is a change in speed or direction.

More mass = slow down

More force = speed up

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Friction: a force acting in the opposite direction of a moving object, occurs when 2 objects rub against each other

Which surface has more friction -- snow/ice or grass?

Speed: distance traveled in a certain amount of time (measured in units such as miles per hour)

Speed = distance ➗ time

Try this example problem:

Mrs. Wilcox drove 180 miles to the beach over Spring Break. It took her 3 hours to get there. How fast was she driving?

Distance- Time Graph: shows how far an object travels in a given time

We can observe when properties of matter change.

Some changes alter the physical properties of the substance, such as color, size, shape, and phase of matter.
Some changes create a new substance, such as burning, rotting, and rusting.

Take a look at these nails. What changes do you notice in their properties?

Look at this ice cube. What changes do you notice as it melts?

How do substances react to changes in temperature?