selected current projects
selected current projects
Embedded Files
Safe Drinking Water Access in rural Appalachia
Issues of water infrastructure, quality, and access persist in the Appalachian region. Ongoing efforts by our group are investigating reliance on roadside "spout" springs for potable water, demographic factors influencing private system (e.g. well) water quality, the potential of point of use (POU) filters as a household intervention, and identifying specific infectious and chronic contaminants in these water sources. We are also part of the Appalachian Community Technical Assistance and Training team, a multi-university group that provides continuing education and assistance to water and wastewater operators in Central Appalachian counties.
Tracking PFAS incidence in private water supplies
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are emerging contaminants of significant national interest: this family of chemicals is ubiquitous in consumer and industrial materials, persistent and widespread within the environment, and linked to adverse health impacts at extremely low concentrations (ppt). Our team has partnered with the longstanding Cooperative Extension Virginia Household Water Quality Program to identify patterns of PFAS occurrence in private water supplies in order to design appropriate remediation strategies.
Application of wastewater surveillance to rural sewage systems
Wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) programs expanded rapidly over the past four years. As the majority of these efforts focus on monitoring large, centralized wastewater collection systems, there is concern that rural populations may be overlooked, potentially exacerbating existing rural-urban health disparities. In addition to assisting in WBS efforts focused on small systems in Central Appalachia, our team is investigating the application of these strategies to monitor septage and other onsite wastewater treatment systems for markers of health risk. Multiple students on this project are also participants in the NSF NRT Combating Antimicrobial Resistance interdisciplinary PhD program.
Quantifying the impacts of bottled water reliance in rural communities
Perceptions of poor water quality and/or distrust in public water authorities often drive bottled water purchase and consumption. Given ongoing evidence demonstrating patterns of water inequity within the United States, there is increasing concern that traditionally disadvantaged populations are more like to rely on bottled water to meet potable needs. Our group is working to quantify differences in home and bottled water quality as well as associated financial burdens.
publications
publications
*Krometis group student author
Lytle*, J., L. Krometis, E. Ling. (accepted, Sept 2025) Linking access to private drinking water system treatment, demographics, and water quality in southwest Virginia. Journal of Water and Health https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2025.051
Price*, S., L. Krometis, J. Magee*, A. Darling, A. Pruden. 2025. Extending Wastewater-Based Surveillance to Serve Rural Communities: Comparison of Antimicrobial Resistance Indicator Genes in Septage and Wastewater Influent. Science of the Total Environment 100: 180456 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180456
Albi*, K., L. Krometis, E. Ling, A. Cohen, K. Xia, A. Gray, E. Dudzinski, K. Ellis. 2025. Comparing In-home and Bottled Drinking Water Quality: An Analysis of Regulated and Emerging Contaminants in Rural Central Appalachia. Journal of Water and Health https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2025.073
Rasheduzzaman, M., B. Lytton, E. Wilcox, A. Das, M. Wirth, L. Krometis, A. Cohen. 2025. Microbiological and Chemical Contaminants in Single-use and Multi-package Bottled Water: Inter- and Intra-Analyses of 26 Bottled Water Brands in the USA. ACS ES&T Water https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.5c00536
Dudzinski, E., K. Ellis, L. Krometis, K. Albi*, A. Cohen. 2025. Analyzing multiple-source water usage patterns and affordability in rural central Appalachia. PLoS Water 4(8): e0000284. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pwat.0000284
Sexton, C.; J. O’Brien; J. Lytle*; S. Rodgers; A. Keyser; M. Kauffman; M. Dunbar; M. Edwards; L. Krometis; A. Ruple. 2025. Testing for heavy metals in drinking water collected from Dog Aging Project participants. PLoS Water 4(8): e0000296. https://doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pwat.0000296
Khan, A., A. Chadwick, N. Kruse-Daniels, G. Dabelko, L. Krometis, J. Shinn, A. Lynch, E. Garner, W. C. Hession, J. Bowman. 2025. “We Only Get Mined,” and “They Can Ride It Out:” Communication Challenges in Building Resilience to Extreme Weather Events in Central Appalachia. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management 33(2), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.70057
Darling, A., B. Davis, T. Byrne, M. Deck, S. Price*, G. Rivera, A. Amaral-Torres, R. Gonzalez, P. Vikesland, L. Krometis, A. Pruden, A. Cohen. 2025. Comparative Assessment of Wastewater Based Surveillance Normalization Methods to Improve Pathogen Monitoring in Rural Sewersheds. Environmental Science and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c14485
Darling, A., B. Davis, T. Byrne, M. Deck, G. Rivera, S. Price*, A. Amaral-Torres, C. Markham, R. Gonzalez, P. Vikesland, L. Krometis, A. Pruden, A. Cohen. 2025. Subsewershed Analyses of the Impacts of Inflow and Infiltration on Viral Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistance Markers Across a Rural Sewer System. Water Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2025.123230
Goh, Y-X., S. Anupoju, A. Nguyen, H. Zhang, M. Ponder, L. Krometis, A. Pruden, J. Liao. 2024. Evidence of horizontal gene transfer and environmental selection impacting antibiotic resistance evolution in soil-dwelling Listeria. Nature Communications. 15:10034 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-54459-9
Albritton, M., K. Kolivras, B. Chang, N. Copeland, G. Prado., L. Krometis. 2024. "Dying of thirst, like fish in the sea": Syndemic health impacts and environmental risk perceptions associated with mining among the Ch’orti’ of eastern Guatemala. Journal of Latin American Geography 23(1): 48-79. https://muse.jhu.edu/article/929687/figure/fig03
Rasheduzzaman, M., B. O’Connell, L. Krometis, T. Brown, A. Cohen. 2024. Point-of-use chlorine residuals and disinfection byproduct occurrences in rural households served by public water utilities in Appalachian Virginia. Journal of Water and Health. https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2024.054
Cohen, A., M. Rasheduzzaman, B. O’Connell, T. Brown, M. Taniuchi, L. Krometis, A. Hubbard, P. Scheuerman, M. Edwards, A. Darling, B. Pennala, S. Price*, B. Lytton, E. Wettstone, S. Pholwa, S. Griffin, J. Kobylanski, A. Egorov, T. Wade. 2024. Drinking Water Sources, Quality, and Associated Health Outcomes in Appalachian Virginia: A Risk Characterization Study in Two Counties. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114390
Patton*, H., E. Sarver, L. Lehmann, J. Parks, L. Krometis. 2024. Recovery of lead, iron, and copper from point-of-use filters to examine performance. Environmental Advances. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envadv.2024.100543
Young, H., K. Kolivras, J. Gohlke, L. Krometis, C. Marcillo*. 2024. Unregulated drinking water contaminants and adverse birth outcomes in Virginia. PLoS Water. 3(5): e0000208.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pwat.0000208
Hohweiler*, K., L. Krometis, E. Ling, K. Xia. 2024. Incidence of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in private drinking water supplies in Southwest Virginia, USA. Science of the Total Environment. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172539
Cohen, A., P. Vikesland, A. Pruden, L. Krometis., L. Lee, A. Darling, M. Yancey, M. Helmick, R. Singh, R. Gonzalez, M. Meit, M. Degen, M. Taniuchi. 2024. Making waves: The benefits and challenges of responsibly implementing wastewater-based surveillance for rural communities. Water Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2023.121095
Patton*, H., L. Krometis, E. Ling, A. Cohen, E. Sarver. 2024. Faucet-mounted point-of-use drinking water filters to improve water quality in households served by private wells. Science of the Total Environment. 906: 167252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167252
Patton*, H., L. Krometis, B. Faulkner, A. Cohen, E. Ling, E. Sarver. 2023. Development of a simple at-home disinfection strategy to reduce harm from roadside spring use. Journal of Contemporary Water Research and Education. 178: 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1936-704X.2023.3388.x
Sterling, C., L. Krometis, T. Pingel, L. Winling. 2023. Connections between present day water access and historical redlining. Environmental Justice. https://doi.org/10.1089/env.2022.0115
Darling, A., H. Patton*, M. Rasheduzzaman, R. Guevara, J. McCray, L. Krometis, A. Cohen. 2023. Microbiological and chemical drinking water contaminants and associated health outcomes in rural Appalachia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Science of the Total Environment 164036: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164036
Young, H., K. Kolivras, L. Krometis, C. Marcillo*, J. Gohlke. 2023. Examining the Association Between Safe Drinking Water Act Violations and Adverse Birth Outcomes in Virginia. Environmental Research. 218: 114977 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.114977
Smith*, E., L. Krometis, J. Czuba, K. Kolivras. 2023. Land cover and community water system characteristics as predictors of Safe Drinking Water Act violations in Central Appalachia, USA. Science of the Total Environment 1;858(Pt 2):159726 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159726
Cohen, A., M. Rasheduzzaman, A. Darling, L. Krometis, M. Edwards, T. Brown, T. Ahmed, E. Wettstone, S. Pholwat, M. Taniuchi, E. Rogawski-McQuade. 2022. Bottled & well water quality in Central Appalachia: Household-level analysis of enteric pathogens, inorganic chemicals, & health outcomes in a rural community in Southwest Virginia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19(14), 8610; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148610
Ruktanonchai, C., M. McKnight, L. Buttling, K. Kolivras, L. Krometis, J. Gohlke. 2022. Exploring airshed and watershed exposure pathways as mediators of the association between proximity to surface mining and adverse birth outcomes in Central Appalachia. Environmental Epidemiology 6(3): e208 doi: 10.1097/EE9.0000000000000208
Marcillo*, C., L. Krometis, J. Krometis. 2021 Approximating community water service areas to explore the demographics of SDWA compliance in Virginia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18: 13254 doi: 10.3390/ijerph182413254 (part of special IJERPH issue: "From Environmental Health Inequalities to Environmental Health Justice").
Wind*, L., I. Keenum, S. Gupta, P. Ray, K. Knowlton, M. Ponder, W. C. Hession, A. Pruden, L. Krometis. 2021. Integrated Metagenomic Assessment of Multiple Pre-harvest Control Points on Lettuce Resistomes at Field-Scale. Frontiers in Microbiology 18: 683410. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.683410
Govenor*, H., C. Hession, T. Keys, N. Jones, R. Stewart, L. Krometis. 2021. Evaluating rare earth elements as tracers of fluvial processes: Fine sediment transport and and deposition in a small stream. Transactions of the ASABE. 64(3): 905-918. doi: 10.13031/trans.14358
DeVilbiss, S., M. Steele, L. Krometis, B. Badgley. 2021. Freshwater salinization increases survival of Escherichia coli and risk of bacterial impairment. Water Research. 191: 116812. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.116812
Wind*, L., L. Krometis, C. Hession, A. Pruden. 2021. Cross-comparison of methods for quantifying antibiotic resistance in agricultural soils amended with dairy manure and compost. Science of the Total Environment . 766: 144321. DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144321
Maxcy-Brown, J., M. A. Elliott, L. Krometis, K. D. White, J. Brown, U. Lall. 2021. Right in Our Backyard: Untreated Wastewater Discharges from Rural Homes in the United States. Water Research. 190: 116647. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116647
Angermeier, P., L. Krometis, M. Stern, T. Hemby. 2021. Exploring relationships among stream health, human well-being, and demographics in Virginia. Ecological Indicators 121: 107194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.107194
Patton*, H., L. Krometis, E. Sarver. 2020. Springing for safe water: Drinking water quality and source selection in Central Appalachian communities Water. 12(3), 888; https://doi.org/10.3390/w12030888
Marcillo*, C., G. Garcia Prado, N. N. Copeland, L. Krometis. 2020. Drinking water quality and consumer perceptions of contamination at the point-of-use in San Rafael Las Flores, Guatemala. Water Practice and Technology 15 (2): 374–385 https://doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2020.025
Marcillo*, C. and L. Krometis. Small Towns, Big Challenges: Does Rurality Influence Safe Drinking Water Act Compliance? 2019. AWWA Water Science 1(1): e1120. https://doi.org/10.1002/aws2.1120
Krometis, L., H. Patton*, A. Wozniak*, E. Sarver. 2019. Water scavenging from roadside springs in Appalachia. Journal of Contemporary Water Research and Education. 166(1): 46-56. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1936-704X.2019.03301.x
Jacobs*, K., L. Wind*, L. Krometis, C. Hession, A. Pruden. 2019. Fecal Indicator Bacteria and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Storm Runoff from Dairy Manure and Compost-Amended Vegetable Plots. Journal of Environmental Quality. 48:1038–1046. doi:10.2134/jeq2018.12.0441
Fogler, K., G. Guron, L. Wind*, I. Keenum, W. C. Hession, L. Krometis, L. Strawn, M. Ponder, A. Pruden. 2019. Microbiota and Antibiotic Resistome of Lettuce Leaves and Radishes Grown in Soils Receiving Manure-Based Amendments Derived from Antibiotic-Treated Cows. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems. 3(22): 1-17 https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2019.00022
Govenor*, H., L. Krometis, C. Hession, L. Willis, P. Angermeier. 2019. Macroinvertebrate Sensitivity Thresholds for Sediment in Virginia Streams. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management. 15(1): 77-92. doi: 10.1002/ieam.4086
Sherry, J., L. Juran, K. Kolivras, L. Krometis, E. Ling 2018. Perceptions of existing water services and proposed innovations to improve water services in rural and urban Tanzania. Public Works Management and Policy doi.org/10.1177/1087724X18815486
Wind*, L., L. Krometis, C. Hession, C. Chen, P. Du, K. Jacobs, K. Xia, A. Pruden. 2018. Fate of Pirlimycin and Antibiotic-Resistant Fecal Coliforms in Field Plots Amended with Dairy Manure or Compost during Vegetable Cultivation. Journal of Environmental Quality 47(3): 436-444. doi: 10.2134/jeq2017.12.0491
Waller, L., G. Evanylo, L. Krometis, M. Strickland, T. Wynn-Thompson, B. Badgley. 2018. Engineered and Environmental Controls of Microbial Denitrification in Established Bioretention Cells. Environmental Science and Technology 52: 5358-5366. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.7b06704
Liao*, H., E. Sarver, L. Krometis. 2018. Interactive effects of water quality, physical habitat, and watershed anthropogenic activities on stream ecosystem health. Water Research 130: 69-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2017.11.065
Billian*, H., L. Krometis, C. Hagedorn, T Thompson. 2018. Movement of traditional fecal indicator bacteria and source-tracking targets through septic drainfields. Science of the Total Environment (610/611): 1467-1475. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.131
Garner, E., R. Benitez, E. von Wagoner; R. Sawyer, E. Schaberg, W. C. Hession, L. Krometis, B. Badgley, A. Pruden. 2017. Stormwater loadings of antibiotic resistance genes in an urban stream. Water Research 123: 144-152. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.06.046.
Govenor*, H., L. Krometis, W. C. Hession. 2017. Invertebrate-Based Water Quality Impairments and Associated Stressors Identified through the US Clean Water Act. Environmental Management 60(4): 598-614. doi: 10.1007/s00267-017-0907-3.
Krometis, L., J. Gohlke, K. Kolivras, E. Satterwhite, S. Marmagas, L. Marr. 2017. Environmental Health Disparities in the Central Appalachian Region of the United States. Reviews on Environmental Health 32(3): 253-266. doi: 10.1515/reveh-2017-0012.
Cantor*, J., L. Krometis, E. Sarver, N. Cook, B. Badgley. 2017. Tracking the Downstream Impacts of Inadequate Sanitation in Central Appalachia. Journal of Water and Health 15(4): 580-590. doi: 10.2166/wh.2017.005
Willard*, L., T. Thompson, L. Krometis, T. Neher, B. Badgley. 2017. Does it pay to be mature? Assessing the performance of a bioretention cell seven years post-construction. Journal of Environmental Engineering 143(9): 04017041 https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0001232 (ASCE Wesley W. Horner Paper Award Winner)
Chirwa, C. F. C., Ralph P. Hall, Leigh-Anne H. Krometis, Eric Vance, Adam Edwards, Ting Guan, Rochelle H. Holm. 2017. Pit latrine fecal sludge resistance using a dynamic cone penetrometer in low income areas in Mzuzu city, Malawi. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14(87): doi:10.3390/ijerph14020087.
Smyntek, P, L. Krometis, R. Wagner, S. Carvajal, T. Thompson, and W. Strosnider. 2017. Passive biological treatment of mine discharges to reduce conductivity: Potential designs, challenges, and research needs. Journal of Environmental Quality 46: 1-9. doi: 10.2134/jeq2016.06.0216
Pieper*, K., L. Krometis, D. Gallagher, B. Benham. 2016. Simultaneous influence of geology and system design on drinking water quality in private systems. Journal of Environmental Health 79(2): e1-e9. ISSN: 0022-0892
Pieper*, K., L. Krometis, M. Edwards. 2016. Quantifying lead leaching potential from plumbing exposed to aggressive waters. Journal of the American Water Works Association 108(9): http://dx.doi.org/10.5942/jawwa.2016.108.0125
Liao*, H., L. Krometis, K. Kline. 2016. Coupling a continuous watershed-scale microbial fate and transport model with a stochastic dose-response model to estimate risk of illness in an urban watershed. Science of the Total Environment (551/552): 668-675. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.044
Benham, B., E. Ling, P. Zeigler, and L. Krometis. 2016. What’s in Your Water?: Critical Evolution of the Virginia Household Water Quality Program and Virginia Master Well Owner Network. Journal of Human Sciences and Extension 4(1): 123-138. https://www.jhseonline.com/article/view/627
Pieper*, K., L. Krometis, D. Gallagher, B. Benham, M. Edwards. 2015. Profiling private water systems to identify patterns of waterborne lead exposure. Environmental Science and Technology 49(21): 12697-12704. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.5b03174
Cook*, N., E. Sarver, L. Krometis, J. Huang. 2015. Habitat and Water Quality as Drivers of Ecological System Health in Central Appalachia. Ecological Engineering 84: 180-189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2015.09.006
Liao*, H., L. Krometis, K. Kline, C. Hession. 2015. Long-term impacts of sediment-bacteria interactions in watershed-scale microbial fate and transport modeling. Journal of Environmental Quality 44(5): 1483-1490. doi: 10.2134/jeq2015.03.0169
Pieper*, K., L. Krometis, D. Gallagher, B. Benham, M. Edwards. 2015. Incidence of waterborne lead in private drinking water systems in Virginia. Journal of Water and Health 13(3): 897-908. doi: 10.2166/wh.2015.275.
Liao*, H., L Krometis, C. Hession, R. Benitez, R. Sawyer, E. Schaeberg, E. von Wagoner, B. Badgley. 2015. Storm loadings of general and human-specific fecal indicators in an inland urban stream. Science of the Total Environment (530/531): 347-356. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.05.098
Cook*, N., L. Krometis, E. Sarver, J. Huang. 2015. Inorganic Constituents of conductivity in five Central Appalachian watersheds with mixed source-driven pollutants. Ecological Engineering 82: 175-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2015.04.090
Collins, E., J. A. Ogejo, L. H. Krometis. 2015. The effects of temperature and duration of pasteurization on pathogen inactivation in anaerobically digested separated liquid dairy manure. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A 50: 971-979. DOI: 10.13031/aim.20131620727
Cook*, N., E. Sarver, L. H. Krometis. 2015. Putting corporate social responsibility to work in mining communities. Resources 4:185-202. DOI: 10.3390/resources4020185
Smith*, T., L. H. Krometis, C. Hagedorn, B. Benham, A. H. Lawrence, E. Ling, P. Ziegler, S. W. Marmagas. 2014. Associations between fecal indicator bacteria prevalence and demographic data in private water supplies in Virginia. Journal of Water and Health 12(4): 824-834. doi: 10.2166/wh.2014.026
Liao*, H., L. Krometis, C. Hession, L. House, K. Kline, B. Badgley. 2014. Hydrometeorological and physicochemical drivers of fecal indicator bacteria in an urban stream bottom sediments. Journal of Environmental Quality 43: 2034-2043. doi: 10.2134/jeq2014.06.0255
Hathaway, J. M., L. H. Krometis, W. F. Hunt 2014. Exploring Seasonality in E. coli/Fecal Coliform Ratios in Urban Watersheds. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 140(4): 04014003. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000700
Fahrenfeld, N., K. Knowlton, L. Krometis, W. C. Hession, K. Xia, E. Lipscomb*, K. Libuit*, B. Green*, A. Pruden. 2014. Manure application’s effect on levels of antibiotic resistance genes and their attenuation rates in soil: Field-scale mass balance approach. Environmental Science and Technology 48(5): 2643–2650. doi: 10.1021/es404988k
Coffey, R., B. Benham, L. Krometis, M. L. Wolfe, E. Cummins. 2014. Assessing the effects of climate change on waterborne microorganisms: implications for EU and USA water policy. Journal of Human and Ecological Risk Assessment 20: 724-742. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2013.802583
Krometis, L. H., R. T. Noble, G. W. Characklis, A. D. Blackwood, M. D. Sobsey 2013. Assessment of E. coli partitioning behavior via a culture-based method and qPCR. Water Science and Technology 68(6): 1359–1369. doi: 10.2166/wst.2013.363
Allevi*, R. P., L. K. Krometis, C. Hagedorn, B. Benham, A. Lawrence, E. Ling, P. Ziegler. 2013. Quantitative analysis of microbial contamination in private drinking water supply systems. Journal of Water and Health 11(2): 244-255. doi: 10.2166/wh.2013.152
Davidson, C., L. Krometis, S. Al-Harthi, J. Macdonald-Gibson. 2012. Foodborne exposure to pesticides and methylmercury in the United Arab Emirates. Risk Analysis 32: 381-394. doi: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2011.01679.x
Krometis, L. H., G. W. Characklis, P. N. Drummey, M. D. Sobsey. 2010. Comparison of indicator organism and Salmonella spp. partitioning behavior in an urban watershed. Journal of Water and Health 8(1): 44-59. doi: 10.2166/wh.2009.032
Krometis, L. H., G. W. Characklis, M. D. Sobsey. 2009. Identification of particle size classes inhibiting protozoan recovery from surface water samples via USEPA Method 1623. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75(20): 6619-6621. doi: 10.1128/AEM.01136-09
Krometis, L. H., P. N. Drummey, G. W. Characklis, M. D. Sobsey. 2009. Impacts of microbial partitioning on wet detention pond effectiveness. Journal of Environmental Engineering 135(9): 758-767. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000040
Krometis, L.H., T. A. Dillaha, N. G. Love, S. Mostaghimi. 2009. Evaluation of a filtration/dispersion method for enumeration of particle-associated E. coli. Journal of Environmental Quality 38(3): 980-986. doi: 10.2134/jeq2007.0037
Cizek, A. R., G. W. Characklis, L. H. Krometis, J. A. Hayes, O. D. Simmons III, S. DiLonardo, K. A. Alderisiio, and M. D. Sobsey. 2008. Comparing the partitioning behavior of Giardia and Cryptosporidium with that of indicator organisms in stormwater runoff. Water Research 42(17): 4421-4438. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2008.06.020
Krometis, L. H., G. W. Characklis, M. J. Dilts, O. D. Simmons, III, C. A. Likirduplos, M. D. Sobsey. 2007. Intra-storm variability in microbial partitioning and microbial loading rates. Water Research 41(2): 506-516. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2006.09.029
Characklis, G. W., M. J. Dilts, O. D. Simmons, III, Christina A. Likirduplos, L. H. Krometis, M. D. Sobsey. 2005. Microbial partitioning to settleable solids in stormwater. Water Research 39(9): 1773-1782. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2005.03.004
Wynn, T., S. Mostaghimi, J. Burger, A. Harpold, M. Henderson, and L.-A. Henry [Krometis]. 2004. Variation in root density along stream banks. Journal of Environmental Quality 33(6): 2030-2039. DOI:10.2134/jeq2004.2030
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