Comparisons are a type of data visualization that helps show the similarities and differences between different values. Types include Nightingale Rose, as pictured below in Figure (1), a Radar Chart, as pictured below in Figure (2), and a Radial Bar Chart, as pictured in Figure (5).
Figure (1) : The music tracking service Last.fm uses a Nightingale Rose chart in order to show what time the user listens to the most music!
The Nightingale Rose chart is a comparison chart in which data is plotted on a polar grid. Within the grid, the chart is divided into equal segments, with the number of segments being the number of things you want to compare. Typically, Nightingale Rose charts are used to compare differences over time. For example, Last.FM, a service that tracks the user's listening history on Spotify and Apple Music, uses Nightingale Rose charts in order to visualize the times of day that the user listens to the most music. In figure 1 to the right, you can see that the farther the chart extends, the greater the amount of songs listened to within that time interval!
A Radar chart is a comparison chart in which data is plotted on a radial grid. The grid is split into equal increments, typically from 0 to 100, in which multiple points can be graphed. While similar to the Nightingale Rose chart in those respects, the Radar Chart is different in that multiple sets of data can be plotted and analyzed within it at the same time. For example, Figure (3) below shows the responses from different customers regarding how important each aspect of a new phone is to each of them, from 0 to 100. On the Radar Chart shown in Figure (2), it is shown how each of the 3 customer's responses are plotted at the same time. This is commonly used in video games in order to show the balance of certain traits of characters!
Figure (4): Radar Chart in Pokemon Emerald
Figure (2): Radar Chart created in Excel based off of data in Figure (3)
Figure (3): Data used to create radar chart shown in Figure (2)
Radial Bar Charts is a bar chart that has been plotted on a polar coordinate grid instead of the conventional Cartesian grid. Radial bar charts consist of one or multiple bars all starting from the same axis, extending around the polar grid until it reaches it's beginning, forming a circle and marking the completion of a task. This is commonly used during video games as well, such as during loading screens. Another example is Figure (5), from the website Last.FM, in which Radial Bar Charts are used to visualize the percentile of new artists and musicians that the user listened to over a set of time.
Figure (5): The music tracking service Last.FM uses Radial Bar Charts with 1 bar to indicate percentage of new artists, albums, and tracks that a given user has listened to within a given week.