Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

CHEN-CHING LIU

List of Publications

Published, Invited, or Accepted Archival Journal Papers

[1] C. C. Liu, "Multimachine Power System Transient Stability," Taipower Engineering Monthly, Vol. 360, Aug. 1978, pp.19-26.

[2] C. C. Liu and F. F. Wu, "A Generalized Network Flow Model with Application to Power Supply-Demand Problems," Networks, Vol. 14, 1984, pp. 117-139.

[3] C. C. Liu and F. F. Wu, "Steady-State Voltage Stability Regions of Power Systems," Systems and Control Letters, Vol. 6, No. 1, 1985, pp. 23-31.

[4] C. C. Liu and F. F. Wu, "Analysis of Small-Disturbance Stability Regions of Power System Models with Real and Reactive Power Flows," Large Scale Systems, Vol. 9, 1985, pp. 193-213.

[5] F. F. Wu and C. C. Liu, "Characterization of Power System Small-Disturbance Stability with Models Incorporating Voltage Variation," IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems. Vol. 31, Apr., 1986, pp. 406-417.

[6] C. C. Liu and K. Tomsovic, "An Expert System Assisting Decision-Making of Reactive Power/Voltage Control," IEEE Trans. on Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol. PWRS-1, Aug. 1986, pp. 195-201.

[7] C. C. Liu, "A New Method for the Construction of Maximal Steady-State Security Regions of Power Systems," IEEE Trans. on Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol. PWRS-1, Nov. 1986, pp.19-27.

[8] C. C. Liu, "An Improved Lower Bound on the Max Flow of Post-outage Network Configurations," IEEE Trans. onCircuits and Systems. Vol. CAS-33, Nov. 1986, pp. 1153-1154.

[9] K. Tomsovic, C. C. Liu, P. Ackerman and S. Pope, "An Expert System as a Dispatcher's Aid for the Isolation of Line Section Faults," IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol. PWRD-2, No.3, July 1987, pp. 736 743.

[10] C. C. Liu, K. H. Ding, J. Young and J. Butler, "A Systematic Method for the Stability Analysis of Multiple Output Converters," IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, Vol. PE-2, No.4, October 1987, pp. 343-353.

[11] C. C. Liu, S. J. Lee and S. S. Venkata, "An Expert System Operational Aid for Restoration and Loss Reduction of Distribution Systems", IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol.3, May 1988, pp. 619-626.

[12] K. Vu and C. C. Liu, "Analysis of Dynamic Voltage Collapse Mechanism for a Three-Bus Power System," Systems and Control Letters. Nov. 1988, pp. 399-407.

[13] Y. Tamura, C. C. Liu, et al., "An International Survey of the Present Status and the Perspective of Expert Systems on Power System Analysis and Techniques," ELECTRA, March 1989, pp. 70-94 (English and French, CIGRE Task Force Paper)

[14] C. C. Liu, S. J. Lee and K. Vu, "Loss Minimization of Distribution Feeders: Optimality and Algorithms" IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol.4, April 1989, pp. 1281-1289.

[15] C. C. Liu and K. Vu, "Analysis of Tap-Changer Dynamics and Construction of Voltage Stability Regions," IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems, Vol. 36, April 1989, pp. 575-590.

[16] C. C. Liu, "Knowledge-Based Systems in Power Systems: Applications and Development Methods," Trans. Inst.Elec. Eng., Japan, April 1990, pp. 241-250. (invited by Editorial Comm., IEEJ, for Special Issue on Expert Systems in Power Systems)

[17] D. Rumpel, S. S. Venkata, K. Pandji, C. C. Liu and N. Nagdy, "Real-Time Database for Power Systems Using Language Oriented Data Structure," IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol.5, No.3, August 1990, pp. 993-1000.

[18] H. Marathe, C. C. Liu and T. Ma, "A Relation Checking Algorithm for Maintenance of Rule-Based Systems," Int.J. Electric Power & Energy Systems, Vol. 12, No.4, October 1990, pp. 235-241.

[19] K. T. Vu and C. C. Liu, "Dynamic Mechanisms of Voltage Collapse," Systems & Control Letters, Vol. 15, Nov. 1990, pp. 329-338.

[20] H. Marathe, C. C. Liu, M. Tsai, R. Rogers and J. Maurer, "An On-Line Operational Expert System with Data Validation Capabilities," IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 6. No. 2, May 1991, pp. 882-889.

[21] Y. Sun, C. C. Liu, R. Christie, J. Nordstrom, M. Hofmann, G. Stemler and I. Thurein, "RETEX (Relay Testing Expert): An Expert System for Analysis of Relay Testing Data," IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, Vol. 7, No. 2, April 1992, pp. 986-994.

[22] K. T. Vu and C. C. Liu, "Shrinking Stability Regions and Voltage Collapse in Power Systems,"IEEE Trans. Circuits and Systems, Vol. 39, No. 4, April 1992, pp. 271-289.

[23] T. K. Ma, C. C. Liu, M. S. Tsai, R. Rogers, S. Muchlinski and J. Dodge, "Operational Experience and Maintenance of an On-Line Expert System for Customer Restoration and Fault Testing," IEEE Trans. Power Systems, Vol. 7, No. 2, May 1992, pp. 835-842.

[24] Y. Y. Hong and C. C. Liu, "A Heuristic and Algorithmic Approach to Var Planning," IEEE Trans. Power Systems, Vol. 7, No. 2, May 1992, pp. 505-512.

[25] I. Dobson, H. Glavitsch, C. C. Liu, Y. Tamura and K. Vu, "Phenomena of Voltage Collapse in Power Systems, " IEEE Circuits and Devices Magazine, Vol. 8, No. 3, May 1992, pp. 40-45.

[26] C. C. Liu, "Future Trends of Knowledge-Based Systems in Power Systems," Proceedings of the IEEE, Guest Editor's article "Scanning the Issue" for special issue on Knowledge-Based Systems in Power Systems, May 1992, pp. 659-662.

[27] L. Barruncho, J. P. S. Paiva, C. C. Liu, H. Pestana and A. Vidigal, "Reactive Management and Voltage Monitoring and Control, " Int. J. Electric Power & Energy Systems, Vol. 14, No. 2/3, April/June 1992, pp. 144-157.

[28] S. Pollinger, C. C. Liu and M. J. Damborg, "Design Guidelines for Object Oriented Software with an EMS Man-Machine Interface Application,"Int. J. Electric Power & Energy Systems, Vol. 14, No. 2/3, April/June 1992, pp. 122-130.

[29] C. C. Liu and T. S. Dillon, "State-of-the Art of Expert System Applications to Power Systems," Int. J. Electric Power & Energy Systems, special issue on expert system applications in power systems, Aril/June 1992, pp. 86-96. (Invited)

[30] C. C. Liu, J. Hsieh, H. Chang, Y. Hsiao and J. Bocek, "A Fast Algorithm for the Dynamic Simulation of Power Converters," IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, Vol. 8, No. 1, Jan. 1993, pp. 37-45.

[31] C. C. Liu, K. L. Liou, R. Chu and A. Holen, "Generation Capability Dispatch for Bulk Power System Restoration: A Knowledge-Based Approach," IEEE Trans. Power Systems, Feb. 1993, pp. 316-325.

[32] J. Cote and C. C. Liu, "Voltage Security Assessment Using Generalized Operational Planning Knowledge," IEEE Trans. Power Systems, Feb. 1993, pp. 28-34.

[33] C. C. Liu, et al., "Practical Use of Expert Systems in Planning and Operation of Power Systems,"Electra, Feb. 1993, pp. 31-67. (CIGRE Task Force paper in English and French)

[34] S. S. Venkata, Z. Sumic, S. Vadari and C. C. Liu, "Applying AI Systems in the T&D Arena," IEEE PES Computer Applications in Power, Apr. 1993, pp. 29-34.

[35] J. Hsieh and C. C. Liu, "Intelligent System as a Computer Aid for Power Converter Designers," Engineering Intelligent Systems, Vol. 1, No. 1, June 1993, pp. 21-30.

[36] M. S. Tsai, C. C. Liu, V. N. Mesa and R. Hartwell, "IOPADS (Intelligent Operational Planning Aid for Distribution Systems)," IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, Vol. 8, No. 3, July 1993, pp. 1562-1569.

[37] K. Tomsovic and C. C. Liu, "Bounding the Computation Time of Forward-Chaining Rule-Based Systems," Data & Knowledge Engineering, No. 10, 1993, pp. 317-334.

[38] C. C. Liu, T. K. Ma, K. L. Liou and M. S. Tsai, "Practical Use of Expert Systems in Power Systems," Invited paper for publication in Int. J. Engineering Intelligent Systems, March 1994, pp. 11-22.

[39] S. Iwamoto, M. Kinoshita and C. C. Liu, ‘Artificial Neural Network Application to Voltage Stability Considering Power System Configuration,’ Int. J. Engineering Intelligent Systems, March 1994, pp. 39 45.

[40] C. Tinguely, A. Germond and C. C. Liu, ‘Fuzzy Filtering for Power System Security Assessment,’ Int. J. Engineering Intelligent Systems, March 1994, pp. 57-63.

[41] T.-K. Ma, C. C. Liu, M. Damborg and M. Chang, ‘An Integrated Model- and Rule-Based Approach to Design of Automatic Switching for Substation Lines,’IEEE Trans. Power Systems, May 1994, pp. 750-756.

[42] S. M. Wang, C. C. Liu and S. Luu, ‘A Negotiation Methodology and Its Application in Cogeneration Planning,’ IEEE Trans. Power Systems, May 1994, pp. 869-875.

[43] G. Rosenwald, C. C. Liu and S. Muchlinski, ‘A New Equivalent Class Validation Algorithm and Its Application to Power Systems,’ Int. J. Engineering Intelligent Systems, Dec. 1994, pp. 223-232.

[44] K. L. Liou, C. C. Liu and R. F. Chu, ‘Tie Line Utilization During Power System Restoration,’ IEEE Trans. Power Systems, Feb. 1995, pp. 192-199.

[45] L. H. Fink, K.-L. Liou and C. C. Liu, ‘From Genetic Restoration Actions to Specific Restoration Strategies,’ IEEE Trans. Power Systems, May 1995, pp. 745-752.

[46] M. Hong and C. C. Liu, ‘Complete Controllability of a Simple, Dynamic Power System Model,’ IEEE Trans. Circuits and Systems, August 1995, pp. 491-494.

[47] H. Miao, J. S. Wu and C. C. Liu, ‘Intelligent System Methodologies for Alarm Processing, Fault Diagnosis and System Restoration,’ ENERGETICA, August 1995, pp. 165-174. (Invited, published in Romania)

[48] K. T. Vu, C. C. Liu, C. Taylor and K. Jimma, ‘Voltage Instability: Mechanisms and Control Strategies,’ Proceedings of the IEEE, Nov. 1995, pp. 1442-1455. (Special Issue on Nonlinear Phenomena in Power Systems)

[49] G. Rosenwald, C. C. Liu, S. L. Muchlinski and D. Sobajic, ‘Semi-Automated Knowledge Enhancement (SAKE) for Rule-Based Systems,’ Australian J. Intelligent Information Processing Systems, invited for special issue on Intelligent Computational Techniques in Power System Engineering, March 1996, pp. 4-13.

[50] Y. Hayashi, S. Iwamoto, S. Furuya, and C. C. Liu, ‘Efficient Determination of Optimal Radial Power System Structure Using Hopfield Neural Network with Constrained Noise,’ IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, July 1996, pp. 1529-1535.

[51] H. Miao, M. Sforna and C. C. Liu, ‘A New Logic Based Alarm Analyzer for On Line Operational Environment,’ IEEE Trans. Power Systems, Vol 11, No. 3, August 1996, pp. 1600-1606.

[52] G. Rosenwald and C. C. Liu, ‘Consistency Evaluation in an Operational Environment Involving Many Transactions,’ IEEE Trans. Power Systems, Nov. 1996, pp. 1757-1762.

[53] G. Rosenwald and C. C. Liu, ‘Rule-Based System Validation Through Automatic Identification of Equivalence Classes,’ IEEE Trans. Knowledge and Data Engineering, Jan-Feb 1997, pp. 24-31.

[54] I. Dabbaghchi, R. D. Christie, G. Rosenwald and C. C. Liu, ‘Artificial Intelligence Application Areas in Power Engineering,’ IEEE Expert Intelligent Systems and Their Applications, Jan-Feb 1997, pp. 58-66.

[55] J. S. Wu, C. C. Liu and R. F. Chu, ‘A Petri Net Algorithm for Scheduling of Generic Restoration Actions,’ IEEE Trans. Power Systems, Vol. 12, No. 1, Feb. 1997, pp.69-76.

[56] C. C. Liu et al., ‘Testing and Maintenance Procedures for Expert Systems in Power System Operation and Planning,’ Electra, August 1997, pp. 92-113. (CIGRE Task Force paper in English and French)

[57] R. Dahlgren, G. Rosenwald, C. C. Liu, S. Muchlinski, A. Eide, and D. Sobajic, ‘Model-Based Synthesis and Suppression of Transformer Alarms in a Control Center Environment,’ IEEE Trans.Power Delivery, Vol. 13, No. 3, July 1998, pp. 843-848.

[58] C. C. Liu, D. Pierce and H. Song, ‘Intelligent System Applications to Power Systems,’ IEEE PES Computer Applications in Power(CAP), Oct. 1997, pp. 21-24. (Invited)

[59] M. Hong, H. Song, M. Sforna, R. Baffa and C. C. Liu, ‘Simulation of Protective Device Malfunctions and Sequence-of-Events Message Problems for Fault Diagnosis,’ Int. J. Engineering Intelligent Systems, Dec. 1997, pp. 245-250. (Invited)

[60] M. Hong, C. C. Liu and M. Gibescu, ‘Complete Controllability of an N-Bus Dynamic Power System Model,’ IEEE Trans. Circuits and Systems, Part I Fundamental Theory and Applications, June 1999, pp. 700-713.

[61] R. Bjorgan, C. C. Liu and J. Lawarree, ‘Financial Risk Management in a Competitive Electricity Market,’IEEE Trans. Power Systems, Nov. 1999, pp. 1285-1291.

[62] G. Heydt, P. Fjeld, C. C. Liu, D. Pierce, L. Tu and G. Hensley, ‘Application of the Windowed FFT to Electric Power Quality Assessment,’ IEEE Trans. Power Systems, Oct. 1999, pp. 1411-1416.

[63] K. Seeley, J. Lawarree and C. C. Liu, ‘Analysis of Electricity Market Rules and Their Effects on Strategic Behavior in a Non-Congestive Grid,’ IEEE Trans. Power Systems, Feb. 2000, pp. 157-162.

[64] H. Song, C. C. Liu, J. Lawarree and R. Dahlgren, ‘Optimal Electricity Supply Bidding by Markov Decision Process,’IEEE Trans. Power Systems, May 2000, pp. 618-624.

[65] R. Bjorgan, H. Song, C. C. Liu and R. Dahlgren, ‘Pricing Flexible Electricity Contracts,’ IEEE Trans. Power Systems, May 2000, pp. 477-482.

[66] C. C. Liu, J. Jung, G. T. Heydt, V. Vittal, and A. Phadke, ‘Conceptual Design of the Strategic Power Infrastructure Defense (SPID) System,’ IEEE Control Systems Magazine, Aug. 2000, pp. 40-52. (Invited)

[67] R. Dahlgren, C. C. Liu and J. Lawarree, ‘Volatility in the California Power Market: Source, Methodology and Recommendations,’IEE Proceedings, special issue on de-regulation, March 2001, pp. 189-193.

[68] J. Jung, C. C. Liu, M. Hong, M. Gallanti, and G. Tornielli, ‘Multiple Hypotheses and Their Credibility in On-Line Fault Diagnosis,’ IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, April 2001, pp. 225-230.

[69] G. T. Heydt, C. C. Liu, A. Phadke and V. Vittal, ‘Solutions for the Crisis in Electric Power Supply,’ IEEE PES Computer Applications in Power, July 2001, pp. 22-30.

[70] J. Jung, M. Hong, C. C. Liu, G. Tornielli, A. Di Stefano, M. Gallanti, and D. Maratukulam, ‘Logic and Validation Techniques for Handling of Missing Information in Fault Diagnosis,’ Int. J. Engineering Intelligent Systems, Dec. 2001, pp. 213-217.

[71] H. Song, C. C. Liu, J. Lawarree, ‘Nash Equilibrium Bidding Strategies in a Bilateral Electricity Market’ IEEE Trans. Power Systems, Feb. 2002, pp. 73-79.

[72] H. Hashimoto, H. Taoka, M. Gibescu, and C. C. Liu, ‘Energy-based Evaluation of Stability Improvement by SVC with New Second Kick Design,’ Trans. IEE Japan, Vol. 122-B, No. 1, Jan. 2002.

[73] E. Tanlapco, J. Lawarree and C. C. Liu, ‘Hedging with Futures Contracts in a De-regulated Electricity Industry,’ IEEE Trans. Power Systems, Aug. 2002, pp. 577-582.

[74] J. Jung, C. C. Liu, S. Tanimoto, and V. Vittal, “Adaptation in Load Shedding Under Vulnerable Operating Conditions,” IEEE Trans. Power Systems, Nov. 2002, pp. 1199-1205.

[75] Y. Xiao, Y. H. Song, C. C. Liu, and Y. Z. Song, “Available Transfer Capability Enhancement Using FACTS Devices, IEEE Trans. Power Systems, Feb. 2003, pp. 305-312.

[76] R. Dahlgren, C. C. Liu and J. Lawarree, “Risk Assessment in Energy Trading,” IEEE Trans. Power Systems, May 2003, pp. 503-511.

[77] H. Li, C. C. Liu and M. J. Damborg, "Web-Based Tutoring in Power Engineering," IEEE Trans. Power Systems, Nov. 2003, pp. 1227-1234.

[78] S. K. Joo, C. C. Liu, L. Jones and J. W. Choe, “Coherency and Aggregation Techniques Incorporating Rotor and Voltage Dynamics,” IEEE Trans. Power Systems, May 2004, pp. 1068-1075.

[79] S. K. Joo, C. C. Liu, Y. Shen, Z. Zabinsky, and J. Lawarree, “Optimization Techniques for Available Transfer Capability and Market Calculations,” Special Issue for IMA Series on Management Mathematics, (Eds. R. Irving and Y. Song), Oxford University Press, Vol. 15, 2004, pp. 321-337.

[80] T. Chan, C. C. Liu, D. Lucarella, M. Gallanti, D. Sobajic, and M. Hofmann, “Intelligent Alarm Analysis: Generalization and Enhancement,” Int. J. Engineering Intelligent Systems, June 2005, pp. 127-134. (Selected by Int. Symp. Intelligent System Applications to Power Systems, Lemnos, Greece, 2003)

[81] M. Gibescu, C. C. Liu, H. Hashimoto, and H. Taoka, “Energy-Based Stability Margin Computation Incorporating Effects of ULTCs,” IEEE Trans. Power Systems, May 2005, pp. 843-851.

[82] H. Li, G. Rosenwald, J. Jung, and C. C. Liu, “Strategic Power Infrastructure Defense,” Proceedings of the IEEE,(Guest Ed. M. Amin), May 2005, pp. 918-933. (Invited)

[83] K. Schneider, C. C. Liu, and B. Howe, “State Estimation and Topological Error Identification for the NEPTUNE Power System,” IEEE Trans. Power Systems, Aug. 2005, pp. 1224-1232.

[84] D. J. Won and C. C. Liu, “Visions and Technical Challenges of Hydrogen Economy: Power System Viewpoint,”Korean IEE Transactions, Dec. 2005. (Invited)

[85] K. Schneider, C. C. Liu, and Jean-Philippe Paul, “Assessment of Interactions between Power and Telecommunications Infrastructures,” IEEE Trans. Power Systems, Aug. 2006, pp. 1123-1130.

[86] G. Li, C. C. Liu, C. Mattson, and J. Lawarree, “Day-Ahead Electricity Price Forecasting in a Grid Environment,” IEEE Trans. Power Systems, Feb. 2007, pp. 266-274.

[87] T. Chan, C. C. Liu, B. Howe, and H. Kirkham, “Fault Location for the NEPTUNE Power System,” IEEE Trans. Power Systems, May 2007, pp. 522-531.

[88] J.-M. Gagnon, C. C. Liu, et al., “Defense Plan Against Extreme Contingencies,” Electra, April 2007, pp. 47-61. (Summary of CIGRE Task Force C2.02.24 Report. Liu is the chapter coordinator and co author of Chapter 8.)

[89] H. Salazar, C. C. Liu, and R. F. Chu, “Decision Analysis of Merchant Transmission Investment by Perpetual Options Theory,” IEEE Trans. Power Systems, Aug. 2007, pp. 1194-1201.

[90] S. K. Joo, J. C. Kim, and C. C. Liu, “Empirical Analysis of the Impact of 2003 Blackout on Security Values of U.S. Utilities and Electrical Equipment Manufacturing Firms,” IEEE Trans. Power Systems, Aug. 2007, pp. 1012-1018.

[91] C. Y. Lee, H. C. Chang, and C. C. Liu, “Emergency Dispatcher Strategy Considering Remaining Lives of Transformers,” IEEE Trans. Power Systems, Nov. 2007, pp. 2066-2073.

[92] N. Yu, C. C. Liu, and L. Tesfatsion, “Modeling of Suppliers’ Learning Behaviors in a Market Environment,”J. Engineering Intelligent Systems, Vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 115-121, 2007. (One of 9 papers selected from 2007 Intelligent System Applications to Power Systems (ISAP), Nov. 5-8, 2007, Taiwan.)

[93] S. Lim, C. C. Liu, S. J. Lee, S. J. Rim, and M. S. Choi, “Blocking of Zone 3 Relays to Prevent Cascaded Events,” IEEE Trans. Power Systems, May 2008, pp. 747-754.

[94] H. Liu, Y. Shen, Z. Zabinsky, C. C. Liu, A. Courts, and S. K. Joo, “Social Welfare Maximization in Transmission Expansion Planning,” IEEE Trans. Power Systems, Aug 2008, pp. 1105-1114.

[95] C. W. Ten, C. C. Liu, and M. Govindarasu, “Vulnerability Assessment of Cybersecurity for SCADA Systems,” IEEE Trans. Power Systems, Nov. 2008, pp. 1836-1846.

[96] K. Yamashita, S. K. Joo, J. Li, P. Zhang, and C. C. Liu, “Analysis, Control and Economic Impact Assessment of Major Blackout Events,” European Trans. Electrical Power, Nov. 2008, pp. 854-871 (Special issue on Blackouts)

[97] K. Yamashita, J. Li, C. C. Liu, P. Zhang, and M. Hofmann, “Learning to Recognize Vulnerable Patterns Due to Undesirable Zone-3 Relay Operations,” Trans. IEE, Japan, May 2009, pp. 322-333 (Invited)

[98] N. Acharya, C. C. Liu, and M. Djukanovic, “Wind Generation Curtailment to Relieve Line Overload,” European Trans. Electrical Power, Sept 2009, pp. 854-868.

[99] S. Pudar, M. Govindarasu, and C. C. Liu, “PENET: A Practical Method and Tool for Integrated Modeling of Security Attacks and Countermeasures,” Computers and Security, Elsevier, 28, Nov. 2009, pp. 754-771.

[100] N. P. Yu, C. C. Liu, and J. Price, “Evaluation of Market Rules Using a Multi-Agent System Method,” IEEE Trans. Power Systems, Feb 2010, pp. 470-479.

[101] H. Salazar, C. C. Liu, and R. F. Chu, “Market Based Rate Design for Recovering Merchant Transmission Investment,” IEEE Trans. Power Systems, Feb 2010, pp. 305-312.

[102] C. W. Ten, M. Govindarasu, and C. C. Liu, “Cybersecurity for Critical Infrastructures: Attack and Defense Modeling,” IEEE Trans. Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Vol. 40, No. 4, July 2010, pp. 853-865.

[103] J. Li, C. C. Liu, and K. Schneider, “Controlled Partitioning of a Power Network Considering Real and Reactive Power Balance,” IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, Vol. 1, No. 3, December 2010, pp. 261-269.

[104] Y. Hou, C. C. Liu, K. Sun, P. Zhang, S. Liu, and D. Mizumura, “Computation of Milestones for Decision Support during System Restoration,” IEEE Trans. Power Systems, Aug 2011, pp. 1399-1409.

[105] W. Sun, C. C. Liu, and L. Zhang, “Optimal Generator Start-Up Strategy for Bulk Power System Restoration,” IEEE Trans. Power Systems, Aug 2011, pp. 1357-1366.

[106] J. Yan, C. C. Liu, and U. Vaidya, “PMU-Based Monitoring Rotor Angle Dynamics,” IEEE Trans. Power Systems, Nov 2011, 2125-2133.

[107] Q. Zhou, L. Tesfatsion, and C. C. Liu, “Short-Term Congestion Forecasting in Electricity Markets,” IEEE Trans. Power Systems, Nov 2011, pp. 2185-2196.

[108] C. W. Ten, J. Hong, and C. C. Liu, “Anomaly Detection for Cybersecurity of the Substations,” IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, Dec 2011, pp. 865-873.

[109] C. C. Liu, A. Stefanov, J. Hong, and P. Panciatici, “Intruders in the Grid,” IEEE Power and Energy Magazine, Jan/Feb 2012, pp. 58-66.

[110] N . Yu, L. Tesfatsion, and C. C. Liu, “Financial Bilateral Contract Negotiation in Wholesale Electricity Markets Using Nash bargaining Theory,” IEEE Trans. Power Systems, Feb 2012, pp. 251-267.

[111] Q. Zhou, L. Tesfatsion, C. C. Liu, and R. Chu, “A Nash Approach to Planning Merchant Transmission for Renewable Resource Interconnection,” IEEE Trans. Power Systems, Aug. 2013, pp. 2086-2100.

[112] S. Liu, Y. Hou, C. C. Liu, and R. Podmore, "The Healing Touch," IEEE Power and Energy Magazine, Jan/Feb 2014, pp. 54-63.

[113] L. He and C. C. Liu, "Parameter Identification with PMUs for Instability Detection in Power Systems with HVDC Integrated Offshore Wind Energy," IEEE Trans. Power Systems, March 2014, pp. 775- 784.

[114] L. He, C. C. Liu, A. Pitto, and D. Cirio, "Distance Protection of AC Grid with HVDC-Connected Offshore Wind Generators," IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, April 2014, pp. 493-501.

[115] J. Hong, C. C. Liu, and M. Govindarasu, "Integrated Anomaly Detection for Cyber Security of the Substations," IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, July 2014, pp. 1643-1653.

[116] J. Li, X.-Y. Ma, C. C. Liu, and K. Schneider, "Distribution System Restoration with Microgrids Using Spanning Tree Search," IEEE Trans. Power Systems, Nov. 2014, pp. 3021-3029.

[117] A. Stefanov, C. C. Liu, and M. Govindarasu, "Modeling and Vulnerability Assessment of Integrated Cyber-Power Systems," Int. Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems, Vol. 25, No. 3, March 2015, pp. 498-519.

[118] C. C. Liu, "Reliable Distribution Systems Are Not Resilient?" "In My View," IEEE Power and Energy Magazine, May/June 2015, pp. 93-96. (Invited)

[119] A. Stefanov, C. C. Liu, M. Sforna, M. Eremia, and R. Balaurescu, "Decision Support for Restoration of Interconnected Power Systems Using Tie Lines," IET Generation, Transmission and Distribution, vol. 9, no. 11, Aug 2015, pp. 1006-1018.

[120] Y. Xu, Y. Chen, C. C. Liu, and H. Gao, "Piecewise Average-Value Model of PWM Converters with Applications to Large-Signal Transient Simulations," IEEE Trans. Power Electronics,Feb. 2016, pp. 1304-1321.

[121] Y. Xu, C. C. Liu, K. Schneider, and D. Ton, "Optimal Placement of Remote Controlled Switches for Distribution System Restoration," IEEE Trans. Power Systems, March 2016, pp. 1139-1150.

[122] Q. Y. Liu, C. C. Liu, and Q. F. Liu, "Coordinated Voltage Control with On-Line Energy Margin Constraints, IEEE Trans. Power Systems, May 2016, pp. 2064-2075.

[123] J. Xie, C. C. Liu, M. Sforna, M. Bilek, and R. Hamza, "On Line Physical Security Monitoring of Power Substations, Int. Trans. Electrical Energy Systems, June 2016, pp. 1148–1170.

[124] G. Wang, C. C. Liu, N. Bhatt, E. Farantatos, and M. Patel, "Observability of Nonlinear Power System Dynamics Using Synchrophasor Data," Int. Trans. Electrical Energy Systems, Vol. 26, No. 5, pp. 952-967, 2016.

[125] Y. Jiang, C. C. Liu, M. Diedesch, and A. Srivastava, "Outage Management of Distribution Systems Incorporating Information from Smart Meters," IEEE Trans. Power Systems, Sept. 2016, pp. 4144-4154.

[126] H. Gao, Y. Chen, Y. Xu, and C. C. Liu, "Dynamic Load Shedding for an Island Microgrid with Limited Generation Resources," IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution,Sept. 2016, p. 2953–2961.

[127] S. Chen, A. Love, and C. C. Liu, "Optimal Opt-In Residential Time-of-Use Contract Based on Principal-agent Theory," IEEE Trans. Power Systems, Nov. 2016, pp. 4415- 4426.

[128] H. Gao, Y. Chen, Y. Xu, and C. C. Liu, "Resiliency-Oriented Critical Load Restoration Using Microgrids in Distribution Systems," IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, Nov. 2016, pp. 2837 - 2848.

[129] J. Xie, A. Stefanov, and C. C. Liu, "Physical and Cyber Security in a Smart Grid Environment," Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Energy and Environment, WIREs Energy Environ 2016, pp. 519-542 (Invited)

[130] Y. Jiang, C. C. Liu, Y. Xu, "Smart Distribution Systems," Energies04/2016; 9(4):1-20. (Invited)

[131] C. C. Sun, C. C. Liu, and Jing Xie, "Cyber-Physical System Security of a Power Grid: State-of-the Art," Electronics, 2016, DOI: 10.3390/electronics5030040. (Invited)

[132] S. Chen and C. C. Liu, "From Demand Response to Transactive Energy: State-of-the-Art," Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy, January 2017, Volume 5, Issue 1, pp 10–19 (Invited)

[133] S. J. Chen, Q. Chen, Q. Xia, C. C. Liu, C. Kang, "Transmission Capacity Margin in Market Clearing," Electric Power Systems Research. Vol. 143, Feb. 2017, pp. 682-691

[134] K. Schneider, E. Elizondo, F. Tuffner, C. C. Liu, Y. Xu, and D. Ton, "Evaluating the Feasibility to Use Microgrids as a Resiliency Resource,"IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, March 2017, pp. 687-696.

[135] Z. Wang, C. Shen, F. Liu, X. Wu, and C. C. Liu, and F. Gao, "Chance-Constrained Economic Dispatch with Non-Gaussian Corrected Wind Power Uncertainty," IEEE Trans. Power Systems, Nov. 2017, pp. 4880-4893.

[136] J. Xie and C. C. Liu, "Multi-Agent Systems and Their Applications," Journal for Int. Council on Electrical Engineering(JICEE), Vol. 7, No. 1, 2017, pp. 188-197. (Invited)

[137] Y. Jiang, S. J. Chen, C. C. Liu, W. Sun, X. Luo, S. Liu, N. Bhatt, S. Uppalapati, and D. Forcum, "Blackstart Capability Planning for Power System Restoration," Int. J. Electrical Power and Energy Systems, 2017, pp. 127-137.

[138] S. J. Chen, Q. Chen, Q. Xia, C. C. Liu, C. Kang, "Transmission Capacity Margin in Market Clearing," Electric Power Systems Research. Vol. 143, Feb. 2017, pp. 682-691

[139] C. C. Sun, A. Hahn, and C. C. Liu, “Cyber Security of a Power Grid: State-of-the-Art,” Int. J. Electrical Power and Energy Systems, pp. 45-56, 2018.

[140] Y. Xu, C. C. Liu, K. Schneider, F. Tuffner, and D. Ton, "Microgrids for Service Restoration to Critical Load in a Resilient Distribution System," IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, Jan 2018, pp. 426-437.

[141] Y. Chen, J. Hong, and C. C. Liu, "Modeling of Intrusion and Defense for Assessment of Cyber Security at Power Substations," IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, July 2018, pp. 2541-2552.

[142] J. Xie, J. C. Bedoya, C. C. Liu, A, Hahn, K. J. Kaur, and R. Singh, “New Educational Modules Using a Cyber-Distribution System Testbed,” IEEE Trans. Power Systems, Sept. 2018, pp. 5759-5769.

[143] K. Schneider, F. Tuffner, M. Elizondo, C. C. Liu, Y. Xu, and D. Ton, "Enabling Resiliency Operations across Multiple Microgrids with Grid Friendly Appliance Controllers," IEEE Trans. Smart Grid,Vol. 9, No. 5, Sept 2018, pp. 4755-4764.

[144] J. Hong and C. C. Liu, "Intelligent Electronic Devices with Collaborative Intrusion Detection Systems,"IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, Vol. 10, No. 1, Jan 2019, pp. 271-281.

[145] Y. Xu, C. C. Liu, Z. Wang, K. Mo, K. Schneider, F. Tuffner, and D. Ton, "DGs for Service Restoration to Critical Loads in a Secondary Network," IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, Vol. 10, No. 1, Jan 2019, pp. 435-447.

[146] K. Schneider, N. Radhakrishnan, Y. Yang, K. Tuffner, C. C. Liu, J. Xie, and D. Ton, “Improving Primary Frequency Response to Support Networked Microgrid Operations,” IEEE Trans. Power Systems,Vol. 34, No. 1, Jan 2019, pp. 659-667.

[147] Z. Wang, C. Shen, Y. Xu, F. Liu, X. Wu, and C. C. Liu, "Risk-limiting Load Restoration for Resilience Enhancement with Intermittent Energy Resources," IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, Vol. 10, No. 3, May 2019, pp. 2507-2522.

[148] R. R. Jha, A. Dubey, C. C. Liu, and K. Schneider, “Bi-Level Volt-VAR Optimization to Coordinate Smart Inverters with Voltage Control Devices, Accepted for publication in IEEE Trans. Power System, Vol. 34, No. 3, May 2019, pp. 1801-1813.

[149] Y. Wang, Y. Xu, J. He, C. C. Liu, K. Schneider, and M. Hong, “Coordinating Multiple Sources for Service Restoration to Enhance Distribution System Resilience,”IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, Vol. 10, No. 5, Sept. 2019, pp. 5781-5793.

[150] J. C. Bedoya, C. C. Liu, G. Krishnamoothy, and A. Dubey, “Bilateral Electricity Market in a Distribution System Environment,” IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, Vol. 10, No. 6, November 2019, pp. 6701-6713.

[151] X. Wu, Y. Xu, X. Wu, J. He, J. Guerrero, C. C. Liu, K. Schneider, and D. Ton, “A Two-Layer Distributed Control Method for Islanded Networked Microgrid Systems,”IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, Vol. 11, No. 2, March 2020, pp. 942-957.

[152] J. C. Bedoya, J. Xie, Y. Wang, X. Zhang, and C. C. Liu, “Resiliency for Distribution Systems Incorporating Asynchronous Information for System Restoration,” IEEE Access, DOI 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2930907.

[153] J. Xie, C. C. Liu, M. Sforna, and Y. Xu, “Consensus Weighting of a Multi-Agent System for Load Shedding,” Accepted for publication in Int. J. Electrical Power and Energy Systems.

[154] Z. Wang, C. C. Liu, Y. Xu, K. Mo, K. Schneider, F. K. Tuffner, and D. T. Ton, “Calibrating Synchronous-Generator-Interfaced DG Models in Microgrids Using Multiple Event Data,” Accepted for publication in Int. Journal Electrical Power & Energy Systems.

Books Edited

[1] "Cyber Physical Systems Approach to Smart Electric Power Grid," 383 pages, Eds. S. Khaitan, J. D. McCalley, and C. C. Liu, Springer 2015.

[2] "Smart Grid Handbook," Wiley, U.K., Editor-in-Chief (with S. McArthur, S. J. Lee), 3 Volumes, 1900 pages, July 2016.

[3] "Advanced Solutions in Power Systems: HVDC, FACTS, and Artificial Intelligence," Wiley and IEEE Press, Editor (with M. Eremia and A. Edris), 1042 pages, October 2016.

Invited Book Chapters

[1] C. C. Liu, H. Marathe and K. Tomsovic, ‘Expert System Application to Reactive Power/Voltage Control,’ invited Chapter in Application of Expert Systems to Power Systems, Prentice-Hall, UK, 1990, pp. 105-152.

[2] C. C. Liu and T. Dillon, ‘State-of-the-Art,’ Chapter 11in Application of Expert Systems to Power Systems, Prentice-Hall, UK, 1990, pp. 383-408.

[3] C. C. Liu and K. Vu, ‘Dynamic Voltage Collapse,’ Section in IEEE Press Book, Voltage Stability of Power Systems, invited by Ed. Y. Mansour, IEEE 90^TH0358-2-PWR, pp. 84-90.

[4] C. C. Liu and M.-S. Tsai, ‘Practical Application of Expert Systems in Power Systems: Technology Developers’ Views,’ Invited contribution to CIGRE Technical Brochure on expert systems by study committees 38, 39, 34, 1990. (4 trans. pages)

[5] C. C. Liu and S. M. Wang, ‘Development of Expert Systems and Their Learning Capability for Power System Applications,’ Part 4 of Volume 44, Academic Press Series on Advances in Control and Dynamic Systems. (Ed. C. Leondes), 1991, pp. 239-294. (Invited)

[6] C. Liu and R. Christie, ‘Energy Management System,’ Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Technology, (Invited by Eds. A. Kent and J. Williams) Marcel Dekker, Vol. 26, Supplement 11, pp. 177 194, 1992.

[7] C. C. Liu, K. T. Vu, and Y. Yu, ‘Generators: ac/dc,’ invited articles for the Electrical Engineering Handbook, (Ed. R. C. Dorf), CRC Press, MA, 1993, pp. 1321-1333. (2^ndEd. pp. 1445-1457)

[8] C. C. Liu and K. T. Vu, ‘Analysis of Mechanisms of Voltage Instability in Electric Power Systems,’ invited book chapter in Systems and Control Theory for Power Systems, Springer Verlag, New York, 1995, pp. 235-258.

[9] C. C. Liu (Ed.& co-author), Knowledge-Based System Techniques with Applications to Power Systems, IEEE Power Engineering Society Publication 93 EHO 387-1-PWR. (38 pages, with Video Tutorial Tapes)

[10] C. C. Liu, H. Marathe, T. K. Ma and G. Rosenwald, ‘Advanced Knowledge Engineering Techniques with Applications to Electric Power Systems,’ Chapter 2 in ‘AI Techniques in Power Systems’ (Eds. K. Warwick and A.Ekwue, R. Aggarwal, U.K.), IEE, U.K., Mar. 1997, pp. 19-44. (Invited)

[11] C. C. Liu and J. Jung, ‘Knowledge-Based Systems,’ (Ed. M. M. Adibi), Part VI, IEEE Press book on Power System Restoration, 1999, pp. 439-441. (Invited)

[12] J. Jung, C. C. Liu and M. Gallanti, ‘Automated Fault Analysis Using Intelligent Techniques and Synchronized Sampling,’ Section V, Tutorial Course on Artificial Intelligence Applications in Fault Analysis, IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, July 2000, pp. 24- 30.

[13] M. O’Malley and C. C. Liu, ‘Competitive Wholesale Electricity Market,’ chapter in ‘Power System Restructuring and Deregulation: Trading, Performance and Information Technology,’ Ed. L. L. Lai, U. K., 2000, Chapter 3, pp. 76-109.

[14] M. Sforna, S. K. Joo, C. C. Liu and D. Sobajic,’ Intelligent Fault Diagnosis in Power Systems, Chapter in ‘Intelligent Systems: Technology and Applications,’ Vol. VI, Chapter 4, Ed. C. Leondes, CRC Press, Aug. 2002. (Invited)

[15] C. C. Liu, H. Li and Y. Zoka, “New Applications of Multi-Agent System Technologies to Power Systems,” Chapter 12 in Autonomous Systems and Intelligent Agents in Power System Control and Operation,(Ed. C. Rehtanz), pp. 247-277, Springer, 2003. (Invited)

[16] CIGRE Task Force C2.02.24 Report, “Defense Plan Against Extreme Contingencies,” total 210 pages, C. C. Liu is the coordinator and co-author for Chapter 8, 2006.

[17] Y. Fukuyama, H. Ghezelayagh, K. Lee, C. C. Liu, Y. H. Song, and Y. Xiao, “Power System Controls,” (Chapter 16, Modern Heuristic Optimization Techniques-Theory and Applications to Power Systems (Eds. K. Lee and M. El-Sharkawi), 2008, pp. 403-469.

[18] Y. Xiao, Y. H. Song and C. C. Liu, “An Interactive Compromise Programming Based Multi Objective Approach toFACTSControl,” (Chapter 18, Modern Heuristic Optimization Techniques-Theory and Applications to Power Systems, (Eds. K. Lee and M. El-Sharkawi), 2008, pp. 501-523.

[19] M. Gibescu and C. C. Liu, “FACTS Devices and Their Effects on Energy-Based Stability Margins,” Section in FACTS Handbook, Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), 2009. (Invited)

[20] G. Li, J. Lawarree, and C. C. Liu, “State-of-the-Art of Electricity Price Forecasting in a Grid Environment, Chapter in Power Systems Handbook Volume II, Springer, (Eds. M. V. Pereira and P. Pardolos), 2010, pp. 161-188. (Invited)

[21] S. Sridhar, M. Govindarasu, and C. C. Liu, "Risk Analysis of Coordinated Cyber Attacks on Power Grid, Chapter in Part III Communications and Control, Control and Optimization methods for Electric Smart Grids, (Eds. A. Chakrabortty and M. Ilic), Feb. 2012.

[22] Y. Hou, C. C. Liu, and H. Salazar, “Electricity Price as Stochastic Process,” Advances in Electric Power and Energy: Price and Load Forecasting in Electric Power Systems, Power Engineering Series, IEEE Press/Wiley, (Ed. M. El-Hawary). (Invited)

[23] A. Hardcastle, K. Kester, and C. C. Liu, "The Power Engineering Workforce in Washington and the Pacific Northwest: Opportunities and Challenges," (Eds. Elias Kyriakides, S. Suryanarayanan, V. Vittal), Springer, 2014. (Invited)

[24] J. Hong, Y. Chen, C. C. Liu, and M. Govindarasu, "Cyber-Physical Security of Substations in a Power Grid," Springer-Verlag, 2015, pp. 261-301. (Invited)

[25] A. Stefanov, C. C. Liu, and K. Liyanage, "ICT Modeling for Co-Simulation of Integrated Cyber Power Systems," Ed. Al-Sakib Khan Pathan), CRC Press, 2016, pp. 28-59. (Invited)

[26] G. Wang, C. C. Liu, N. Bhatt, and E. Farantatos, "PMU-Based Vulnerability Assessment of Power Systems," (Ed. D. K. Mohanta), Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET), ET, U.K., Feb 2017, pp. 211-219.

[27] N. Yu and C. C. Liu, “Multi-agent Systems,” Chapter in Advanced Techniques and Technologies: FACTS and AI. Volume III, Chapter 20, (Editors: M. Eremia, A. Edris, C. C. Liu), Wiley and IEEE Press, pp. 903-930, Oct. 2016.

[28] C. C. Liu, A. Stefanov, and J. Hong, "Artificial Intelligence and Computational Intelligence: A Challenge for Power System Engineers," In Advanced Techniques and Technologies: FACTS and AI. Volume III, (Editors: M. Eremia, C. C. Liu and A. Edris), Wiley and IEEE Press and Wiley, pp. 721-729, 2016.