The process must be time efficient.
The process must not affect the purity of current products.
The process must increase profitability.
The process must be scalable to industrial size.
The process must have minimal environmental impact.
The process must take less than 24 hours to complete.
The process must create value of about $3/kg product.
The process must produce a waste stream less than 250 MT/batch.
The process needs to scale to 250,000 L.
Terminology and Definitions for Biomass Production, Harvesting and Collecting, Storage, Processing, Conversion and Utilization (ANSI/ASABE S593.1)
This standard includes a list of terms and definitions related to biomass production and utilization. This list allows for engineers and scientists to use uniform terminology when writing and speaking about matters related to biomass feedstock production, collection, storage, etc. (ASABE, 2011). Because this project involves algal biomass and its processing, this standard will serve as a guide in writing and speaking about potential solutions.
International Standards for Life Cycle Assessment (ISO 14040:2006)
This standard provides guidance for conducting and planning a life cycle assessment (LCA) on a product. An LCA should consider the environmental impact of the entire life cycle of the product, from obtaining the raw materials, through processing and manufacturing, to the product’s use and disposal (ISO, 2006). While designing processes for separating new high value products, these standards should be used to conduct corresponding LCAs.
Safety, Health, and Environmental (SHE) Protection Standards
These standards provide guidance on the management of processes, product development, and operations while considering factors that may impact safety, health, or the environment. During product development, these standards consider elements such as the safety of the product, the efficiency of the product’s life cycle, and reduction of emissions and wastes from manufacturing (SHE, 2010). These standards should be consulted when designing potential solutions to ensure the waste stream is minimized and there are no severe adverse effects of the process.
Food Safety Management Systems Standards (ISO 22000:2018)
This standard provides requirements for food safety management systems to ensure its products are food grade and safe. It considers communication between upstream and downstream plants, identification of possible hazards, and hazard analysis and control (ISO, 2018). This standard should be consulted when designing potential solutions to ensure no food hazards are introduced to the process that prevent the products from being food grade.
Prerequisite Programmes on Food Safety - Part 6: Feed and Animal Food Production (ISO/TS 22002-6:2016)
This standard provides guidance for implementing prerequisite programs for animal feed production to ensure products are safe for animal consumption. It considers ways to prevent and control potential contaminants in animal feed production on all scales (ISO, 2016). This standard should be consulted when designing our solution to ensure any animal feed products are safe.
ASABE Standards. (2011). S593.1: Terminology and definitions for biomass production, harvesting and collection, storage, processing, conversion and utilization. St. Joseph, MI: ASABE.
ISO. (2006). 14040:2006: Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Requirements and guidelines. Geneva, CH: ISO.
ISO. (2016). 22002-6:2016: Prerequisite programmes on food safety - Part 6: Feed and animal food production. Geneva, CH: ISO.
ISO. (2018). 22000:2018: Food safety management systems - Requirements for any organization in the food chain. Geneva, CH: ISO.
SHE Standards. (2010). Safety, health, and environmental protection standards. Dusseldorf, DE: Henkel.