R語言

字串(character)

整數值(integer)

實數值(numeric)

邏輯值(logical)

複數值(complex)

位元組值(raw)

• 向量(vector)

#以":"創建向量，L代表整數(integer)

> (a<-0L:4L)

[1] 0 1 2 3 4

#以"C()"創建向量

> (a<-c(0,1,2,3,4))

[1] 0 1 2 3 4

• 矩陣(matrix)

#創建函數"matrix()"

#mymatrix<-matrix(向量物件,nrow=列數,ncol=行數,byrow=邏輯值,dimnames=list(列名字串向量,行名字串向量))

#以"paste0()"將字串與向量進行黏貼

> rnames<-paste0("row",1:5)

> cnames<-paste0("col",1:4)

> (mymatrix<-matrix(1:20,nrow=5,ncol=4,dimnames=list(rnames,cnames)))

col1 col2 col3 col4

row1 1 6 11 16

row2 2 7 12 17

row3 3 8 13 18

row4 4 9 14 19

row5 5 10 15 20

#預設為[列編號,]與[,行編號]

> (y<-matrix(1:20,nrow=5,ncol=4))

[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]

[1,] 1 6 11 16

[2,] 2 7 12 17

[3,] 3 8 13 18

[4,] 4 9 14 19

[5,] 5 10 15 20

• 陣列(array)

#創建函數"array()"

#myarray<-array(向量物件,dim=各維因子水準數所形成的數值向量,dimnames=各維因子水準名稱之字串向量所形成的串列)

> dim1<-paste0("A",1:2)

> dim2<-paste0("B",1:3)

> dim3<-paste0("C",1:4)

> (myarray<-array(1:24,dim=c(2,3,4),dimnames=list(dim1,dim2,dim3)))

, , C1

B1 B2 B3

A1 1 3 5

A2 2 4 6

, , C2

B1 B2 B3

A1 7 9 11

A2 8 10 12

, , C3

B1 B2 B3

A1 13 15 17

A2 14 16 18

, , C4

B1 B2 B3

A1 19 21 23

A2 20 22 24

• 串列(list)

#創建函數"list()"

#mylist<-list(元素名稱1=物件1,元素名稱2=物件2,...)

> g<-"My First List"

> h<-c(25,26,18,39)

> j<-matrix(1:10,nrow=5,byrow=T)

> k<-c("one","two","three")

> (mylist<-list(title=g,ages=h,j,k))

$title

[1] "My First List"

$ages

[1] 25 26 18 39

[[3]]

[,1] [,2]

[1,] 1 2

[2,] 3 4

[3,] 5 6

[4,] 7 8

[5,] 9 10

[[4]]

[1] "one" "two" "three"

• 資料框(dataframe)

#創建函數"data.frame()"

#mydata<-data.frame(欄位名稱1=向量1,欄位名稱2=向量2,...)

> patientID<-c(1,2,3,4)

> age<-c(25,34,28,52)

> diabetes<-c("Type1","Type2","Type1","Type1")

> status<-c("Poor","Improved","Excellent","Poor")

> (mydata<-data.frame(patientID,age,diabetes,status))

patientID age diabetes status

1 1 25 Type1 Poor

2 2 34 Type2 Improved

3 3 28 Type1 Excellent

4 4 52 Type1 Poor

• 向量(vector)

#創建向量

> (x<-20:16)

[1] 20 19 18 17 16

#命名元素

> names(x)<-c("1st","2nd","3rd","4th","5th")

> x

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th

20 19 18 17 16

#單一位置取值

> x[4]

4th

17

#負索引，去掉第4項

> x[-4]

1st 2nd 3rd 5th

20 19 18 16

#單一名稱取值，有命名的話

> x["4th"]

4th

17

#連續範圍取值

> x[1:4]

1st 2nd 3rd 4th

20 19 18 17

#連續範圍移除

> x[-(1:4)]

5th

16

#位置索引取值

> x[c(1,4,2)]

1st 4th 2nd

20 17 19

#重複取值

> x[c(1,2,2,3,3,3,4,4,4,4)]

1st 2nd 2nd 3rd 3rd 3rd 4th 4th 4th 4th

20 19 19 18 18 18 17 17 17 17

#多名稱取值

> x[c("1st","3rd")]

1st 3rd

20 18

• 矩陣(matrix)

#創建函數"matrix()"

• 陣列(array)

#創建函數"array()"

• 串列(list)

#創建函數"list()"

• 資料框(dataframe)

#創建函數"data.