Protecting electrical machines from potential issues like overvoltage, overcurrent, overload, overtemperature, and undervoltage is crucial as they are extensively used in various industries as an actuator. The classical method of protection involves mechanical dynamic parts such as timers, contactors, voltage, and current relays. However, Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)-based protection methods have significantly reduced the need for mechanical components. Nonetheless, this method requires a true RMS-to-DC converter (ADC) card and a PLC. With this in mind, a new protection method for electrical machines based on a PLC has been introduced in this thesis, eliminating the need for contactors, timers, relays, and the conversion card. The experimental results indicate that the PLC-based protection method provides higher accuracy, safety, and visual environment when compared to the classical, computer, and PIC-based protection systems.

This is a technique for real-time human face detection and tracking using a modified version of the Viola-Jones algorithm. However, detecting a face in real-time environments with uneven illumination, varying poses, and non-uniform motion blur can be quite challenging. We propose a three-level approach for face detection and tracking, which includes low, intermediate, and high-level processing. The low-level processing focuses on improving image quality, while the intermediate level involves feature extraction and pattern detection. The high-level processing further enhances image quality. Additionally, face tracking for a moving camera is accomplished through the use of a servo motor and Arduino. This implementation is robust and efficient in detecting and tracking faces, even in cases of non-uniform motion, blur, varying illumination, and different poses. The primary focus of this paper is on automatic face detection and tracking in video streams for surveillance in public places. This system can also be utilized for human-robot interaction and security purposes.

Agriculture is a major contributor to Bangladesh's economy, with many people depending on it for their livelihoods. Also, rooftop gardening is one of the famous agricultural technologies in both rural and urban areas of many countries including Bangladesh. Smart applications and automation are now gaining popularity and apart from Industry 4.0, automation and IoT also enhance smart farming. It enables devices to collect and exchange data with a user. An automated irrigation system is designed to help us manage gardening or farming by monitoring moisture, temperature, and humidity. The system transfers the collected data to an online database through the internet, making it accessible from any location. The device is equipped with sensors, servo motors, and a water pump, allowing it to be monitored and controlled using a smartphone in the proposed system. In automatic mode the water supply inside the garden or farm is connected to a water pump, that will be activated when the soil moisture sensor detects low moisture level, and the ambient sensor detects low humidity or high temperature. This system consists of two parts, the watering system and the mobile app interface. The watering system consists of an ESP 32 Node MCU, sensors, two servo motors and a water pump. The garden or farm owners can control the pump motor to water in the farm. Also, they can control the water flow angle where they want to water. It will be universal for all sizes and shapes of gardens or farms and it also helps to save water conservation. This system is easy for researchers, farmers, and garden owners to manage and is highly beneficial.