AR dashboards, or augmented reality dashboards, are innovative vehicle display systems that overlay digital information directly onto the driver’s view of the road, enhancing situational awareness and safety. By using heads-up display (HUD) technology combined with augmented reality, these dashboards project essential data—such as speed, navigation directions, hazard alerts, and traffic signs—onto the windshield or a transparent screen in the driver’s line of sight. This allows drivers to access critical information without taking their eyes off the road, reducing distractions and improving reaction times. AR dashboards can also highlight lane markings, pedestrians, and other vehicles, providing intuitive guidance in complex driving environments like busy intersections or poor weather conditions. As automotive technology advances, AR dashboards are becoming more sophisticated, integrating with advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and connected vehicle technologies to create a safer, more interactive driving experience. 

System architecture refers to the structured design and organization of a complex system, outlining how its various components interact and work together to achieve specific functions. In the context of automotive or technological systems, it defines the layout of hardware, software, sensors, communication networks, and control units that collectively enable the system to operate efficiently and reliably. A well-designed system architecture ensures seamless data flow, real-time processing, and effective coordination among subsystems, such as engine control, braking, infotainment, or advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). It also provides scalability and flexibility, allowing for future upgrades and integration of new technologies. By clearly defining interfaces, protocols, and responsibilities of each component, system architecture plays a critical role in optimizing performance, safety, and maintainability of modern vehicles and other complex applications. 

Safety and user experience (UX) advantages in modern vehicle systems are closely intertwined, as improvements in one often enhance the other. Advanced safety features such as collision warnings, lane departure alerts, and adaptive cruise control not only help prevent accidents but also reduce driver stress and fatigue, contributing to a more comfortable and confident driving experience. Intuitive interfaces, like augmented reality dashboards and voice-activated controls, allow drivers to access critical information and vehicle functions without distraction, improving focus and reaction times. Enhanced UX design ensures that safety systems are easy to understand and use, encouraging drivers to rely on them effectively. Together, these advancements create a safer driving environment while making the overall experience more enjoyable, seamless, and accessible for drivers of all skill levels. 

The global smart tire market is experiencing rapid expansion, driven by the rise of electric and autonomous vehicles as well as growing awareness of safety and maintenance efficiency. Valued at approximately USD 82.6 billion in 2023, it's projected to reach around USD 130.7 billion by 2029, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of about 8% Other estimates suggest 2023 market worth USD 91.5 billion, expanding to roughly USD 180 billion by 2032 at a similar CAGR . The strongest growth is seen in North America and Asia‑Pacific, with the latter forecast to lead thanks to increasing EV adoption, fleet electrification, and supportive infrastructure . Meanwhile, the connected tire segment is rapidly gaining traction; the broader advanced tire market is expected to surge from USD 1.8 billion in 2024 to USD 4.2 billion by 2034 at an 8.8% CAGR. These trends highlight strong demand for sensor-laden tires that optimize safety, fuel efficiency, and maintenance—positioning smart tires as a key component in the future of connected and autonomous mobility. 

Goodyear, Bridgestone, Continental, Michelin, and Sensata are among the leading tire makers and suppliers actively deploying smart tire and TPMS solutions through OEM partnerships. Goodyear's "SightLine" smart tire, developed in collaboration with TNO, is currently being showcased to automakers as a sensor-equipped tire that can detect rain and ice to enhance automatic emergency braking systems—supporting compliance with upcoming U.S. AEB regulation. Continental AG recently ramped up production of TPMS sensors at its Bangalore plant, delivering enhanced localization functions and smartphone-linked filling assistants for regional OEM\. Bridgestone has launched IoT-enabled smart tires with integrated TPMS for fleets to facilitate predictive maintenance and reduce operational costs. Meanwhile, Sensata Technologies introduced Bluetooth Low Energy TPMS sensors, designed for two-way communication and OTA updates, already selected by a major North American OEM for electric vehicle integration. Michelin has also rolled out eco-friendly TPMS solutions using sustainable materials while OEMs globally are embedding TPMS across vehicle platforms to meet tightening safety regulations in North America, Europe, and China. Together, these deployments highlight how major tire suppliers and sensor developers are closely collaborating with automakers—bringing advanced tire sensing and analytics into production vehicles to enhance safety, efficiency, and regulatory compliance. 

Despite their many advantages, smart tires and tire pressure monitoring systems (TPMS) face several technical and practical challenges that can hinder widespread adoption. One major challenge is ensuring sensor durability and accuracy under harsh conditions, as tires are constantly exposed to extreme temperatures, road debris, vibrations, and moisture. Power supply is another concern, especially for sensors embedded within the tire, which must operate wirelessly and often rely on miniature batteries or energy-harvesting solutions that may have limited lifespans. Integration with vehicle electronics and software systems also presents complexities, requiring seamless communication and compatibility with a wide range of platforms and protocols. From a practical standpoint, cost remains a barrier—both in terms of manufacturing and repair—as smart tires and advanced TPMS are more expensive than traditional systems, potentially limiting adoption in cost-sensitive markets. Additionally, ensuring accurate calibration and maintaining data security in connected systems adds further layers of technical demand. Addressing these challenges is essential to unlock the full potential of smart tire technology in both consumer and commercial applications. 

Smart tire innovation is rapidly advancing, with future trends focusing on deeper integration of AI, IoT, and next-gen materials to support safety, autonomy, and sustainability. Tires are evolving beyond pressure and temperature monitoring to include advanced sensor types—like strain gauges, accelerometers, and tread-wear monitors—enabled by high-speed 5G connectivity that allows real-time data exchange with vehicle systems and infrastructure. Cutting-edge materials such as self-healing compounds, nanomaterials, bio-based rubbers, and recyclable components are being explored to improve durability, reduce environmental impact, and optimize performance—especially vital for EV range and particulate pollution reduction . Predictive maintenance will be enhanced through cloud analytics and digital twins, enabling early detection of wear, load anomalies, or loose wheels before failure occurs arxiv.org. Additionally, prototypes like Goodyear’s SightLine can sense road conditions—such as rain or ice—to enhance AEB and autonomous driving safety. As vehicle electrification and autonomy continue to grow, smart tires will play a key role in optimizing driving dynamics, enabling V2X interactions, and supporting self-driving vehicle readiness through real-time environmental assessments and condition-aware traction control.