A screening method for anti-ageing additives (AACs) of bitumen was proposed.
Normalized carbonyl index (NCI) was adopted to quantify the oxidative ageing.
The anti-ageing effectiveness of AACs was measured by NCI based ageing kinetics.
The activation energy Ef can be used to determine the effectiveness of AACs.
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Van der Waals forces dominate interfacial interaction of bitumen with acidic minerals.
Electrostatic forces dominate interfacial interaction of bitumen with alkali minerals.
Oxidation causes molecular aggregation and higher polarity of the bitumen.
Water weakens while oxidation strengths bitumen-mineral interfacial adhesion.
Coupled effect of water and oxidation on adhesion depends on mineral’s acid-base.
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Partially sponsored by H2020/MSCA/IF project - AMAM
Adhesion between bitumen and aggregate mainly results from van der Waals internations for neutral minerals (e.g., quartz)
Adhesion is primarily due to the electrostatic interactions for alkali minerals (e.g., calcite, albite and microcline)
The bitumen-mineral debonding due to water is a thermodynamically favourable process.
Journal link for the paper or Aston Research Explorer link (for full text)
Partially sponsored by H2020/MSCA/IF project - AMAM