We derive a lower bound for the non-local entanglement entropy, a generalization of the 2d topological entanglement entropy. We apply this lower bound to differentiate fracton phases from usual topological orders in 3d.
We show that "information convex", a convex set of reduced density matrices that minimizes energy in a subsystem, can be used to characterize topological excitations in a 2+1-D topological order, both in the bulk and on gapped boundaries. We demonstrate its power by applying it to both Abelian and non-Abelian topological orders.