Balm of Gilead was a rare perfume used medicinally, that was mentioned in the Hebrew Bible, and named for the region of Gilead, where it was produced. The expression stems from William Tyndale's language in the King James Bible of 1611, and has come to signify a universal cure in figurative speech. The tree or shrub producing the balm is commonly identified as Commiphora gileadensis. However, some botanical scholars have concluded that the actual source was a terebinth tree in the genus Pistacia.[1]

After having cast Joseph into a pit, his brothers noticed a caravan on its way from Gilead to Egypt, "with their camels bearing spicery, and balm, and myrrh" (Gen. 37:25). When Jacob dispatched his embassy into Egypt, his present to the unknown ruler included "a little balm" (Gen. 43:11). During the final years of the Kingdom of Judah, Jeremiah asks "Is there no balm in Gilead?" (Jer. 8:22). Still later, from an expression in Ezekiel 27:17, balm was one of the commodities which Hebrew merchants carried to the market of Tyre.[2] According to 1 Kings 10:10, balsam (Hebrew: bosem) was among the many precious gifts of the Queen of Sheba to King Solomon.[3]


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In the Hebrew Bible, the balm of Gilead is tsori or tseri ( or ). It is a merchandise in Gen. 37:25 and Ez. 27:17, a gift in Gen. 43:11, and a medicament (for national disaster, in fig.) in Jer. 8:22, 46:11, 51:8.[16] The Hebrew root z-r-h () means "run blood, bleed" (of vein), with cognates in Arabic (, an odoriferous tree or its gum), Sabaean (), Syriac (, possibly fructus pini), and Greek (, in meaning).[17] The similar word tsori () denotes the adjective "Tyrean", i. e. from the Phoenician city of Tyre.[18]

Many attempts have been made to identify the tsori, but none can be considered conclusive. The Samaritan Pentateuch (Gen. 37:25) and the Syriac bible (Jer. 8:22) translate it as wax (cera). The Septuagint has , "pine resin". The Arabic version and Castell hold it for theriac. Lee supposes it to be "mastich". Luther and the Swedish version have "salve", "ointment" in the passages in Jer., but in Ezek. 27:17 they read "mastic". Gesenius, Hebrew commentators (Kimchi, Junius, Tremellius, Deodatius), and the Authorized Version (except in Ezek. 27:17, rosin) have balm, balsam, Greek , Latin opobalsamum.[2]

dmann [sv] and Rosenmller thought that the pressed juice of the fruit of the zukum-tree (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) or the myrobalanus of the ancients, is the substance denoted; but Rosenmller, in another place, mentioned the balsam of Mecca (Amyris opobalsamum L., now Commiphora gileadensis (L.) C.Chr.) as being probably the tsori. Zukum oil was in very high esteem among the Arabs, who even preferred it to the balm of Mecca, as being more efficacious in wounds and bruises. Maundrell found zukum-trees near the Dead Sea. Hasselquist and Pococke found them especially in the environs of Jericho. In the 19th century, the only product in the region of Gilead which had any affinity to balm or balsam was a species of Eleagnus.[2][4]

Linnaeus distinguished two varieties: Amyris gileadensis L. (= Amyris opobalsamum Forsk.), and Amyris opobalsamum L., the variant found by Belon in a garden near Cairo, brought there from Arabia Felix. More recent naturalists (Lindley, Wight and Walker) have included the species Amyris gileadensis L. in the genus Protium.[4] Botanists enumerate sixteen balsamic plants of this genus, each exhibiting some peculiarity.[6]

There is little reason to doubt that the plants of the Jericho balsam gardens were stocked with Amyris gileadensis L., or Amyris opobalsamum, which was found by Bruce in Abyssinia, the fragrant resin of which is known in commerce as the "balsam of Mecca".[2] According to De Sacy, the true balm of Gilead (or Jericho) has long been lost, and there is only "balm of Mecca".[6]

A healing balm was used as a medicinal solution in ancient times, which was probably administered by a medicine man or wise woman in a village to help cure many types of ailments. These early investments into balms allowed present-day doctors and nurses to reach new depths of healing for several illnesses and diseases over the course of time. It is safe to assume that there were healing balms used in Bible times, as they are used today.

To start, we must first understand what balm even is. Balm comes from several herbs that are part of the mint family of plants; it is used in everything from food to alcohol and perfume to fruit drinks. In regards to the balm of Gilead, this balm is related to the balsam poplar (Commiphora opobalsamum) and is considered a myrrh-like resin/chemical compound found in the Arabian Peninsula, specifically in ancient Palestine east of the Jordan River; it was used for medicine. It is related to a North American poplar species that is used for cough syrups.

The balm was known to be combined with other ingredients to increase its potency, such as licorice and honey (among other ingredients) for solving chest congestion to oil or lard for bruising, swelling, or damage to the skin. Inflammation is what the balm of Gilead is used most for, presently, especially for sunburns or arthritis. Some ancient historians say that Queen Sheba gave a gift of the balm to King Solomon.

The place of Gilead is recognized in the Bible for being the birthplace of the prophet Elijah, the last place Jacob and Laban met, and the battlefield of Gideon and the Midianites where Gideon was named the victor. So, it makes sense that a balm from Gilead would be of significance in the Bible.

BALM OF GILEAD was an ancient, highly-valued salve or ointment which was used to soothe and heal. 

Mentioned several times in the Bible and named for the region of Gilead where it was produced, it was a major commodity of trade in the ancient world. Its name became associated with the power to heal and soothe. "There is a Balm in Gilead" is an African-American spiritual that compares the healing balm to the saving power of Jesus - the one true treatment that never fails to heal our wounds: spirit, soul and body.

The biblical balm of Gilead (Commiphora gileadensis) was investigated in this study for anticancerous activity against tumor cell lines. The results obtained from ethanol-based extracts and from essential oils indicated that -caryophyllene (trans-(1R,9S)-8-methylene-4,11,11-trimethylbicyclo[7.2.0]undec-4-ene) is a key component in essential oils extracted from the balm of Gilead. -Caryophyllene can be found in spice blends, citrus flavors, soaps, detergents, creams, and lotions, as well as in a variety of food and beverage products, and it is known for its anti-inflammatory, local anaesthetic, and antifungal properties. It is also a potent cytotoxic compound over a wide range of cell lines. In the current paper, we found that Commiphora gileadensis stem extracts and essential oil have an antiproliferative proapoptotic effect against tumor cells and not against normal cells. -caryophyllene caused a potent induction of apoptosis accompanied by DNA ladder and caspase-3 catalytic activity in tumor cell lines. In summary, we showed that C. gileadensis stems contain an apoptosis inducer that acts, in a selective manner, against tumor cell lines and not against normal cells.

This question, as here proposed by the Prophet, relates only to a particular people, - the children of Israel. But I would here consider it in a general sense, with relation to all mankind. I would seriously inquire, Why has Christianity done so little good in the world? Is it not the balm, the outward means, which the great Physician has given to men, to restore their spiritual health? Why then is it not restored? You say, Because of the deep and universal corruption of human nature (Wesley, n. p.).

As I type, the wind howls, the trees sway, and the ravens perform acrobatic feats in the cloud-studded sky. March is showing itself to be a lion today, but I can only smile as I read a balmy 39 degrees Fahrenheit on the thermometer.

Hi Jessica~

No problem! Opening the jar to breathe deep the springtime smell, make sure the buds are submerged, and try a little sample on a dry patch or owie will not cause it do go bad.

Enjoy your balm!

harvested poplar buds over a month ago. After infusing for a month I strained and squeezed the oil thru a muslin cloth. There is a brown liquid at the bottom. Should I stir this into the salve like balm on top or strain it off somehow ? Or use it differently? My husband is using it on his arthritic wrist.

Thank you for your consideration

Balm of Gilead comes from the early spring buds of the Balsam Poplar (Populus balsamifera), the Black Cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa) or the Narrowleaf Balsam Poplar (Populus Angustifolia). There are several other cottonwoods and poplars native to North America but only these 3 produce the balsam buds and characteristic medicinal scent of balm of Gilead.

I harvested some last year. I mix coconut oil, beeswax and the infused balm of Gilead in mine.

My wife accidentally ran a power washer over her foot last summer while doing the deck.

She put balm of Gilead on it and within seconds the pain was gone. She uses it for arthritis as well with remarkable results.

The only thing that took off the stickiness last year was olive oil and vigorous rubbing. This year I will be taking a small jar of it along with an old rag and just coat my hands as I go along and clean periodically.

Good hunting to all of you out there.

As they sat down to eat their meal, they looked up and saw a caravan of Ishmaelites coming from Gilead. Their camels were loaded with spices, balm and myrrh, and they were on their way to take them down to Egypt. 006ab0faaa

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