Food is an integral part of Chinese culture. Many things in Chinese culture revolve around food. Different occasions are associated with different cuisines, and different parts of China have developed over time their own distinctive cuisines. Yinshanzhengyao (飲膳正要), a culinary manuscript published in 1330 during the Yuan dynasty and written by Hu Sihui, remains a significant historical document with all existing editions tracing their roots back to the Ming dynasty edition of 1456. Remarkably, it stands as one of the oldest extant dietary manuscripts, providing a fascinating glimpse into the culinary practices of ancient China. The detailed records contained within its pages offer a unique window into the daily lives and gastronomic preferences of individuals during the Yuan dynasty.
What sets Yinshanzhengyao apart is its incorporation of traditional Chinese beliefs linking specific ingredients and foods to distinct attributes. This aspect adds an intriguing layer to the manuscript, as it underscores the cultural significance of food beyond mere sustenance. In Chinese culture, the consumption of particular foods is believed to have therapeutic benefits, aiding in the treatment of specific ailments or promoting longevity. This perspective on the interplay between diet and well-being is a distinctive feature not commonly found in Western culinary traditions.
On this website, utilize our search function to find recipes you like based on your home ingredients or the specific culinary effects you want to achieve. Explore a detailed analysis of the book, highlighting interesting points within it. Moreover, we have recommended some recipes that are still available nowadays, don't hesitate to try them at home!
Masiji Soup
Ingredients: Mutton (leg; bone and cut up), tsaoko cardamoms (five), cinnamon (2 qian), chickpeas [“Muslim beans”] (one–half sheng; pulverize and remove the skins).
Steps: Boil ingredients together to make a soup. Strain broth. [Cut up meat and put aside.] Add 2 he of cooked chickpeas, 1 sheng of aromatic non–glutinous rice, 1 qian of mastajhi. Evenly adjust flavors with a little salt. Add [the] cut–up meat and [garnish with] coriander leaves.
Effects: It supplements and increases, warms the center, and accords qi.
Ginseng Puree
Ingredients: Korean ginseng (four liang; remove green shoots and cut up), prepared mandarin orange peel (one liang; remove the white), purple perilla leaves (two liang), crude granulated sugar (one jin).
Steps: [For] ingredients use two dou of water. Boil down to one dou. Remove the dregs. Let clear. Drink when one likes.
Effects: It accords the qi, opens the diaphragm, controls thirst and brings forth saliva.
Bream Soup
Ingredients: Large bream (one; young and fresh; wash clean and cut up into strips), Jinese flower pepper (two qian; make a fine powder), tsaoko cardamom (one qian; make a fine powder).
Steps: [For] ingredients use three onion bulbs. Cook. When done add the five spices. Eat on an empty stomach.
Effects: It cures recto-anal fistula, fresh blood-stool, and chronic blood in the stool.
Cup Steamed
Ingredients: Sheep’s back skin from which the hair has been removed, or mutton (three legs; bone and cut up), tsaoko cardamoms (five), lesser galangal (two qian), prepared mandarin orange peel (two qian; remove the white), Chinese flower pepper [“lesser pepper;” Zanthoxylum sp] (two qian).
Steps: [Take] ingredients and fry54 together with one jin of almond paste, two he of pine pollen [juice], and two he of juice of sprouting ginger. Adjust flavors evenly with onions, salt and spices [five spices]. Put into a liquor cup and steam until tender. When cooked eat with long rolled bread.
Effects: It supplements the center, and increases qi.
Three in the Cooking Pot
Ingredients: Mutton (leg; bone and cut up), tsaoko cardamoms (five), lesser galangal (two qian).
Steps: Boil ingredients together into a soup. Strain [broth]. Use “meat pellets” [made from] the “meat pill” of the rear hoof of a sheep, “nail–headed Qizi,” “mutton jis–kebabi food” and one liang black pepper. Adjust flavors with salt and vinegar.
Effects: It supplements the center, and increases qi.
Eggplant Manta
Ingredients: Mutton, sheep’s fat, sheep’s tail, onions, prepared mandarin orange peel (cut up each finely), “tender” eggplant (remove the pith).
Steps: [For] combine ingredients with meats into a stuffing. But [instead of making a dough covering] put it inside the eggplant [skin] and steam. Add garlic, cream [or yogurt etc.], finely ground mint [or basil]. Eat.
Cherry Concentrate
Ingredients: Cherries (50 jin; take the juice), white granulated sugar (24 jin; refine).
Steps: Boil ingredients together and make a concentrate.
Chinese Matrimony Vine Fruit Tea
Ingredients: Chinese matrimony vine fruits, water
Steps: [Take] five dou of Chinese matrimony vine fruits and scour in water to clean. Remove the floating chaff, dry over a fire. Use a white cloth tube to clean the fruits and remove the stems, calyxes, and black material. Choose only red and ripe fruits. First use Sparrow Tongue Tea to cleanse a stone roller. Do not use young tea buds. Then roll the matrimony vine fruit and make a fine powder. Use each day, on an empty stomach. Use a spoonful. Add liquid butter and mix evenly. Dissolve in warmed liquor. Boiling water can also be used. (Avoid eating it together with cream)
Effects: Nourish the Yin of the liver and kidneys, treating insufficient essence and blood.
Distribution of Recipe Categories
Yinshan Zhengyao contains all kinds of recipes, staples, dishes, desserts and drinks…
≈ 1/3 main dish
≈ 1/3 soup & congee
≈ 1/3 other categories
Ingredient Word Cloud
The most frequent ingredient categories:
meat (24.29%)
Chinese medical material (23.57%)
...
Dual character — both culinary and medical.
Distribution of Ingredient Categories
Popular ingredient categories pairings:
Meat & Spice
Chinese medical material & Meat
Chinese medical material & Condiment
Chinese medical material & Spice
Dairy product & Meat
Condiment & Plant
The most frequent cooking methods:
simmer & boil
One-third of the recipes are soups and congees, which need to be simmered or boiled.
Chinese medical materials need to be simmered for a long time to bring out their effects.
Frequency of Cooking Methods
Frequency of Effects
Mostly good for general health and wellness.
Also many recipes can help alleviate or cure specific ailments.
Most ingredients are related to general health and wellness.
Some have certain specific effects:
sheep’s fat ~ good for musculoskeletal issues.
liquorice, prepared mandarin orange peel, long pepper ~ improving the gastrointestinal system.
...