Research

Development of Synchro Phasor Measurement Unit

The Indian Power System is expanding into new dimensions, particularly with the synchronous interconnection of the NEW grid with the Southern Regional Grid. These advancements pose challenges in terms of grid security, safety, and stability under various operating conditions, making the monitoring and control of such a large grid more complex. The existing SCADA/EMS systems can only provide a steady-state view of the power system with high data flow latency. However, Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) over wide areas facilitate dynamic real-time measurements and visualization of the power system. These measurements are essential for monitoring grid safety and security and for enabling control and corrective actions in the new regime of grid management. The synchro PMUs-based wide-area monitoring, protection and control (WAMPAC) system is quite mature at the transmission-level grid now [1]. Inspired from the immense benefits that this synchrophasor technology inherits, researchers are now exploring the feasibility of its usage at the distribution-level networks [2].

Microgrid Protection

In recent years, with the growing energy demand and attraction toward the renewable energy, the electric distribution system has witnessed a radical topological transformation. The connection of the distributed energy resources in close proximity to the load, has modified the configuration of the distribution network from the single-ended source to a multiple source system. This further impacts the magnitude and direction of the fault current in the distribution network. Distribution protective devices are not reliably effective for microgrids due to their variable and often limited short-circuit capacities. Reliable protection for microgrids is typically provided by subtransmission and transmission system protective devices, such as directional overcurrent, distance, and differential relays. In order to improve the network resiliency, redundancy, and reliability of the system, an efficient and accurate protection methods are needed to speed up the restoration processes and to reduce the customer interruption cost allied with the outage [1], [2].

Distribution System Operational and Cyber Resiliency

A resilient power grid [1] can withstand, respond to, and recover rapidly from major disruptions because its designers, planners, and operators anticipate, prepare for, and adapt to changing grid conditions. The electric power industry is increasingly aware of the potential adverse impacts of extreme events and man-made threats, such as physical or cyber security attacks [2]. These threats can have catastrophic impacts on the electric power system and grid operability due to the potential loss of infrastructure assets and the functionality of critical tools for grid operation. Therefore, necessary preparations and countermeasures must be identified and implemented to manage such events, considering the likelihood and extent of their potential impact. TSOs, DSOs, and other parties are developing and implementing sophisticated IT solutions not only to maintain and optimize the complex power system but also to determine its limits for maximum and efficient use.

AI-based Smart Power Systems

The demand for advanced research and technology in the electric grid sector has steadily increased. Over time, this has led to the widespread adoption of automation and intelligent technologies to meet evolving development needs. These technologies can handle large amounts of data, making power system operations, control, and planning more efficient. Automation and intelligent technology play a crucial role in power systems, addressing a variety of challenges. They excel in tasks such as scheduling, power management and control [1], forecasting [2], and optimizing the performance of electric vehicles (EVs) [3]. By leveraging these technologies, the electric grid sector can achieve greater reliability, efficiency, and adaptability, meeting the growing demands of modern energy infrastructure. Advanced algorithms can predict potential issues before they arise, allowing for preemptive measures and smoother operation. The integration of these technologies into power systems also supports the transition to renewable energy sources by optimizing their integration and balancing supply and demand more effectively.

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