Activation of the innate immunity drives ADPKD progression, though the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. 

We demonstrated that TLR2 activation stimulated NF-κB and ERK-dependent proliferation of ADPKD cells 

In contrast, TLR2 activation induces cytotoxicity in normal human kidney cells without affecting ERK signaling. 

Our data also reveal that TLR2 activates NF-κB and ERK via TAK1 in human ADPKD cells. 

This study suggests the TLR2/TAK1 axis as a critical regulator of renal inflammation and cell proliferation in ADPKD.