Dachau opened in March 1933 and was the first regular concentration camp to be established by the Nazi regime. The camp was liberated by American forces on April 29, 1945. As they approached the camp, troops encountered horrific evidence of Nazi atrocities.

The Dachau concentration camp, northwest of Munich, Germany, was the first regular concentration camp the Nazis established in 1933. About twelve years later, on April 29, 1945, US armed forces liberated the camp. There were about 30,000 starving prisoners in the camp at the time. Here, soldiers of the US Seventh Army document conditions in the camp. They also require German civilians to tour the camp and confront Nazi atrocities.

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The Dachau concentration camp, northwest of Munich, Germany, was the first regular concentration camp the Nazis established in 1933. About twelve years later, on April 29, 1945, US armed forces liberated the camp. There were about 30,000 starving prisoners in the camp at that time. The film seen here was edited from original footage shot by Allied cameramen as liberating troops entered Dachau. It was discovered in the archives of the Imperial War Museum in 1984 and was never completed.

The Dachau concentration camp, northwest of Munich, Germany, was the first regular concentration camp the Nazis established in 1933. About twelve years later, on April 29, 1945, US armed forces liberated the camp. There were some 30,000 starving prisoners in the camp at that time. In this footage, soldiers of the US Seventh Army feed and disinfect survivors of the camp.

The Dachau concentration camp, northwest of Munich, Germany, was the first regular concentration camp the Nazis established in 1933. About twelve years later, on April 29, 1945, US armed forces liberated the camp. There were some 30,000 starving prisoners in the camp at the time. This footage shows an aerial view of the camp and the entrance gate to the prisoner compound.

US forces liberated the Dachau concentration camp in Germany in April 1945. Here, survivors of the camp stand during the singing of "Hatikva" ("Hope") before Rabbi David Eichhoren, a US army chaplain, leads one of the first Jewish prayer services after liberation.

Dachau (UK: /dxa/, /-ka/; US: /dxa/, /-ka/)[3][4] was one of the first[a] concentration camps built by Nazi Germany and the longest running one, opening on 22 March 1933. The camp was initially intended to intern Hitler's political opponents, which consisted of communists, social democrats, and other dissidents.[6] It is located on the grounds of an abandoned munitions factory northeast of the medieval town of Dachau, about 16 km (10 mi) northwest of Munich in the state of Bavaria, in southern Germany.[7] After its opening by Heinrich Himmler, its purpose was enlarged to include forced labor, and eventually, the imprisonment of Jews, Romani, German and Austrian criminals, and, finally, foreign nationals from countries that Germany occupied or invaded. The Dachau camp system grew to include nearly 100 sub-camps, which were mostly work camps or Arbeitskommandos, and were located throughout southern Germany and Austria.[8] The main camp was liberated by U.S. forces on 29 April 1945.

After 1942, the number of prisoners being held at the camp continued to exceed 12,000.[45] Dachau originally held communists, leading socialists and other "enemies of the state" in 1933 but, over time, the Nazis began to send German Jews to the camp. In the early years of imprisonment, Jews were offered permission to emigrate overseas if they "voluntarily" gave their property to enhance Hitler's public treasury.[45] Once Austria was annexed and Czechoslovakia was dissolved, the citizens of both countries became the next prisoners at Dachau. In 1940, Dachau became filled with Polish prisoners, who continued to be the majority of the prisoner population until Dachau was officially liberated.[46]

On 24 April 1945, just days before the U.S. troops arrived at the camp, the commandant and a strong guard forced between 6,000 and 7,000 surviving inmates on a death march from Dachau south to Eurasburg, then eastwards towards the Tegernsee; liberated two days after Hitler's death by a Nisei-ethnicity U.S. Army artillery battalion.[51] Any prisoners who could not keep up on the six-day march were shot. Many others died of exhaustion, hunger and exposure.[52] Months later a mass grave containing 1,071 prisoners was found along the route.[53][54]

The first Dachau subcamp discovered by advancing Allied forces was Kaufering IV by the 12th Armored Division on 27 April 1945.[92][93] Subcamps liberated by the 12th Armored Division included: Erpting, Schrobenhausen, Schwabing, Langerringen, Trkheim, Lauingen, Schwabach, Germering.[94]

During the liberation of the sub-camps surrounding Dachau, advance scouts of the U.S. Army's 522nd Field Artillery Battalion, a segregated battalion consisting of Nisei, 2nd generation Japanese-Americans, liberated the 3,000 prisoners of the "Kaufering IV Hurlach"[95] slave labor camp.[96] Perisco describes an Office of Strategic Services (OSS) team (code name LUXE) leading Army Intelligence to a "Camp IV" on 29 April. "They found the camp afire and a stack of some four hundred bodies burning ... American soldiers then went into Landsberg and rounded up all the male civilians they could find and marched them out to the camp. The former commandant was forced to lie amidst a pile of corpses. The male population of Landsberg was then ordered to walk by, and ordered to spit on the commandant as they passed. The commandant was then turned over to a group of liberated camp survivors".[97] The 522nd's personnel later discovered the survivors of a death march[98] headed generally southwards from the Dachau main camp to Eurasburg, then eastwards towards the Austrian border on 2 May, just west of the town of Waakirchen.[99][100]

First episode of Witness to the Holocaust: An interview by Dr. Fred Roberts Crawford Director of the Center for Research and Social Change at Emory University with three liberators of Buchenwald: John Glustrom, who was the first to enter the camp in April 1945; Leo Pine; and Dennis Wile. The interview shows video images from the camp shortly after it was liberated.Second episode of Witness to the Holocaust: An interview with Thomas Spruil and Jesse Lafoon, two witnesses to the liberation of Dachau concentration camp, by Dr. Fred Roberts Crawford and his assistant Jeffrey Hallett, whose father was also a Dachau liberator. The interview shows footage from the liberation of Dachau.

Kenneth Colvin discusses his service as a Corporal in the 515th Medical Clearing Company; going to various camps as they were liberated: giving emergency medical attention, separating the dead from the living, disposing of the dead, and feeding and medicating the living, many of whom were malnourished and had tuberculosis; working as a "surgical technician" despite having no real medical training; helping survivors in a factory in Braunau, Austria; giving plasma to hordes of prisoners, on whom it was hard to find veins; going to Stalag 6 in Hemer, Germany in April 1945; the conditions in the camp; his experiences giving medical assistance to survivors in Mauthausen and several other camps; how his unit stayed for an extended period of time in the Ebensee concentration camp; how he and his unit could only help so long as they stayed emotionally numb; meeting survivors and learning about their lives in the camps, including a Greek inmate who had marched from Auschwitz to Ebensee; the attitudes of the United States soldiers; ways in which he coped with his wartime experiences; spraying all the prisoners from head to toe with DDT to kill lice; how the army unit's food sergeant stole food from the army to give to the prisoners in Braunau; and reasons for sharing his story with his children. The video also includes images from Ebensee.

Alan Rose discusses joining the British Army in 1941; serving in the 8th Army and with the United States 22nd Army Brigade; invading Europe on D-Day; participating in the Battle of Caen, the Battle of Falaise-Gap, and the battle of Normandy; seeing Fort Breendonk in Belgium after it had been liberated; being age 21 when he first encountered the Breendonk concentration camp and the torture devices used there; his memories of Bergen-Belsen; his interactions with survivors; German war criminals; the effect of his wartime experiences on his life; how fellow soldiers in his unit were affected by their experiences at Bergen-Belsen; details of the camps during liberation; working for the Canadian Jewish Congress many years after the war; working in Great Britain rehabilitating the camp survivors; also seeing Auschwitz, Sobibr, and Dachau; how Germans denied knowing about the camps; the minimal antisemitism in the British Army; treating the survivors and SS who had lice and typhoid; and the importance of bearing witness to the Holocaust.

Anthony F. Van Velsen, born in 1917 in Leiden, the Netherlands, discusses being arrested for espionage by Dutch police in 1941 and his subsequent imprisonment in Sachsenhausen concentration camp as a political prisoner; working in the kitchen; being deported to Auschwitz-Buna at the end of 1942; being moved to Birkenau in December 1942; witnessing the selection and gassing of Jews taken to Birkenau; living in the Romani camp; witnessing the gassing of Jews and Romani in Birkenau; planning with the Polish underground to have the gas chambers and crematoria of the camps destroyed; taking photos in the camps as evidence; Rudolf Vrba contacting Catholic church officials about what was happening in the camps; wearing a red badge to signify his status as a political prisoner; working in an underground factory in Mauthausen; being liberated by American soldiers; returning to Holland; spending time in England; immigrating to the United States; joining the military; fighting against Japan; losing his left leg in battle in Indonesia; studying law after his retirement from the military; becoming a lawyer; the effects of his experiences on his life and thinking; his feelings about Germany and Germans; and his hopes and concerns for the future. be457b7860

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