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secondary question is: which species, kinds of impacts and types of noise are most studied? Te components of the systematic map are detailed in Table 1. Sordello et al. Environ Evid (2019) 8:8 Page 3 of 7 Methods Searching for articles Languages Searches will be performed using exclusively English search terms. Only studies published in English and in French will be included in this systematic map, due to limited resources and the languages understood by the map team. Te list of search terms is presented below (see “Search string” section). Search string A scoping exercise was conducted on the “Web of Science Core Collection” database to build-up the search strings. Terms describing the exposure (noise pollution) and the population (biodiversity) were combined in an iterative manner until best performance was obtained. Terms describing efects (outcomes) were not included because the aim of the map is to document the available literature without any a priori restrictions on the types of efects measured in the articles. Te search string that produced the highest efciency (number of hits compared to the test list) is presented below (see Additional fle 1 for more details on the process to build the search string). ((TI=(noise OR sound$) OR TS=(“masking auditory” OR “man-made noise” OR “anthropogenic noise” OR “man-made sound$” OR “music festival$” OR ((pollution OR transportation OR road$ OR highway$ OR motorway$ OR railway$ OR trafc OR urban OR city OR cities OR construction OR ship$ OR boat$ OR port$ OR aircraft$ OR airplane$ OR airport$ OR industr* OR machinery OR “gas extraction” OR mining OR drilling OR pile-driving OR “communication network$” OR “wind farm$” OR agric* OR farming OR military OR gun$ OR visitor$) AND noise))) AND TS=(ecolog* OR biodiversity OR ecosystem$ OR “natural habitat$” OR species OR vertebrate$ OR mammal$ OR reptile$ OR amphibian$ OR bird$ OR fsh* OR invertebrate$ OR arthropod$ OR insect$ OR arachnid$ OR crustacean$ OR centipede$)). Comprehensiveness of the search A test list of 65 scientifc articles was established (see Additional fle 2) and used to assess the comprehensiveness of the search string. Te test list was composed of the three groups listed below. 1. Forty relevant scientifc articles identifed by the review team prior to the review. 2. Eight key articles identifed using three relevant reviews: • Brumm [5] (two articles); • Cerema [8] (three articles); • Dutilleux and Fontaine [11] (three articles). 3. Seventeen studies not readily accessible or indexed by the most common academic databases, submitted by subject experts contacted prior to the review (29 subject experts were contacted, 7 responded). Online publication databases We frst listed the databases to which the members of our review team had access, databases that covered ecology and that guaranteed reproducibility (accessibility by researchers from all over the world, advanced search functions, etc.). Te resource limitations weighing on the project did not allow us to cover more than two databases given the number of articles obtained during the scoping exercise. On the basis of the criteria listed above, the two databases below were selected: • “Web of Science Core Collection” on the Web of Science platform (Clarivate). See Additional fle  3 for citation indexes included in the “Web of Science Core Collection” to which the review team had access via the team members’ institutions. As explained above, the scoping exercise was conducted using this database. It returned 7859 articles (the search was run on the 14 December 2018 and covered SCITable 1 Components of the systematic map Population All wild species Exposure All anthropogenic noises (e.g. trafc noise, urban noises, aircraft, industry, ships, etc.) in all environments and media (terrestrial, aquatic, aerial), for all contexts and origins of the noise (spontaneous or recorded, in situ or in laboratory, etc.) and for all types of sound (including ultrasounds, infrasounds, etc.) Comparator Conditions before and after exposure to noise (temporal comparator) or ecosystems exposed and not exposed to noise (spatial comparator) Outcomes All outcomes related to the studied population, including but not restricted to biology/physiology (e.g. heart rate), use of space (e.g. species distribution, individual movements), intra- and interspecifc communication (e.g. song frequencies), species reproduction, ecosystem composition (e.g. species richness, abundance) Sordello et al. Environ Evid (2019) 8:8 Page 4 of 7 EXPANDED, SSCI, A&HCI, CPCI-S, CPCI-SSH, BKCI-S, BKCI-SSH, ESCI and CCR-EXPANDED, without any timespan restrictions). Te search comprehensiveness value was 92% (60 articles in the test list were referenced in the WOS CC and 55 were retrieved by the string). • Scopus (Elsevier). Te search string described above was adapted to take into account diferences in search syntax. It returned 11,186 articles (a preliminary search was run on 14  December  2018, without any timespan restrictions). Te comprehensiveness value was 92% (61 articles in the test list were indexed in Scopus and 56 were retrieved by the string). Approximately 6000 articles were listed in both databases. One of the articles not indexed in the WOS CC was indexed in Scopus and was retrieved by the search string. Consequently, combining the two databases, the 

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