Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) is an approach to climate action in agriculture sectors. It seeks to transform and reorient agricultural systems that could effectively support sustainable development and ensure food security under climate change.
CSA requires supportive policies, institutions and financing, which together to create an enabling environment for change at local, national and international levels.
Sustainably increase agricultural productivity and incomes
Adapt and building resilience to climate change (Adaption)
Reduce and/or remove agricultural greenhouse gas emissions (Mitigation)
FMNR is a low-cost, transformational and sustainable land restoration technique used to combat poverty and hunger, and increase the quality of life for farmers in developing countries.
In practice, FMNR involves the systematic regrowth and management of trees and shrubs from felled tree stumps, sprouting root systems or seeds. The regrown trees and shrubs – integrated into crops and grazing pastures – help restore soil structure and fertility, inhibit erosion and soil moisture evaporation, rehabilitate springs and the water table, and increase biodiversity. Some tree species also impart nutrients such as nitrogen into the soil.
FMNR can improve crop yields, provide building timber and firewood, fodder and shade for livestock, wild foods for nutrition and medication, and increased incomes and living standards for farming families and their communities.