Entropy theory for endomorphisms of probability spaces goes back to Kolmogorov on one hand and to Shannon on the other. A pleasant introduction that resists the injuries of time is the monograph
Most modern monographs in ergodic theory include a section on entropy. A point which we did not touch is the Shannon-Breiman-McMillan Theorem. For a short account that includes the a proof of Doob's martingale theorem see
For an historical survey filled with personal recollections: