Reading
Scientific Papers
If you only have time to read one scientific paper about varroa, this review article from 2015 by Barbara Locke is it:
Advances and perspectives in selecting resistance traits against the parasitic mite Varroa destructor in honey bees, November 2020
Conlon paper from 2019 discussing co-evolutionary host/parasite principles and two distinct populations that independently came up with varroa resistance
Tom Seeley paper from 2017 showing pre/post varoa colony survivorship nearly identical for feral bees allowed to evolve varroa tolerance:
Feeding reduces the production of nutritional stress tolerant bees and affects colony division of labor (second paper):
"The Darwin cure for apiculture? Natural selection and managed honeybee health" -- 2016, Neumann and Blacquière
Keefus paper from 2016 demonstrating the commercial scale viability of breeding varroa tolerant bees
Doctoral Thesis from 2012 concluding breeding for varroa tolerance is a long-term sustainable strategy (documented treatment free survival in europe)
Doctoral Thesis from 2006 studying honey bee populations in Africa, "In both wild and managed honeybee populations varroa appears to have been reduced to the status of an incidental pest. "
Seeley paper from 2016 How Honey Bee Colonies Survive in the Wild: Testing the Importance of Small Nests and Frequent Swarming studying feral bee colony sizes and a proposed mechanism for treatment free honey production management
Functional diversity within the simple gut microbiota of the honey bee:
RNA Viruses in Hymenopteran Pollinators: Evidence of Inter-Taxa Virus Transmission via Pollen and Potential Impact on Non-Apis Hymenopteran Species:
Interactions between Nosema microspores and a neonicotinoid weaken honeybees (Apis mellifera):
Queen Breeding References/Resources
University of Arkansas ‘Raising Quality Queens’ publication:
Net Gain Cell Building system from Beeculture Magazine, January 23, 2017
A proven method of splits, known to work well in WNC from Carl Chesick of chbr.org outlining a good inventory of what you need in a 5 frame walk-away split.
https://bit.ly/2JnhTEK Link to more notes from Carl: http://www.psychochickenecofarm.com/2018/04/04/honey-bee-increase-nucs/
A handy grafting calendar:
Review/Bio/Well-Referenced General Reading
2019 NYTimes article on the 'insect apocalypse'
Reasons to think more about the 20,000 "other" species of bees in North America:
Brief Biography of John Kefuss, "Keeping Bees that Keep Themselves" --McNeil
Mite and bee co-evolution to a stable, sustainable relationship "Taming the Mighty Mite: Some Thoughts on Living with Varroa " --Kefyn M. Catley, Ph.D.
Tom Seeley on 'Darwinian Beekeeping'
Article outlining a common 'collapse and recovery' cycle when first going treatment free
July 2015 Bee Culture Magazine article on making splits:
A Sustainable Approach to Controlling Honey Bee Diseases an Varroa Mites
Sugar Shake Mite monitoring procedure:
How to tell if you need a new queen or not:
Informative/Cool Videos
Because no honey bee website is complete without Marla Spivak's excellent Ted Talk on honey bee decline and how you can help 'save the bees' (plant flowers):
The Fantastic National Geographic honey bee emergence timelapse:
One of Dr. Tom Seeley's talks at the 2017 National Honey Show (genetic analysis to determine percentage of matriarchal lines able to tolerate varroa) Really Great work!
Heather skep apiary documentary, 8 parts (seriously old school beekeeping).
General sites for pollinator protection
What are we missing?
Perhaps a halictid bee (http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/misc/bees/halictid_bees.htm), on one of the sunflowers at the Psycho Chicken Eco Farm.