Window Maker has been characterized as reproducing "the elegant look and feel of the NeXTSTEP GUI" and is noted as "easy to configure and easy to use."[5] A graphical tool called Wprefs is included and can be used to configure most aspects of the UI. The interface tends towards a minimalist, high performance environment directly supporting XPM, PNG, JPEG, TIFF, GIF and PPM icons with an alpha-channel and a right-click, sliding-scrolling application menu system which can throw off pinnable menus, along with window-icon miniaturization and other animations on multiple desktops. Menus and preferences can be changed without restarting. As with most window managers it supports themes and many are available. Owing to its NeXT inspiration, Window Maker has a dock like macOS, but Window Maker's look and feel hews mostly to that of its NeXT forebear.

Window Maker was written from scratch primarily by Brazilian programmer Alfredo Kojima as a window manager for the GNUstep desktop environment and originally meant as an improved take on the AfterStep window manager's design concept. The first release was in 1997.[7] For a time it was included as a standard window manager in several Linux distributions and is also available in the FreeBSD and OpenBSD ports collection.[8] Since the goal of the project has been to closely emulate the design of the defunct NeXTstep and OpenStep GUIs, further development has been light. In late 2007 the widely available, stable release version was at 0.92 from July 2005 with subsequent maintenance updates having been made to some distribution packages and ports.[9][10]


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In late June 2008 a post on the project's website said active development would resume, noting, "...we are working very hard to revitalize Window Maker's presence on X Window (and perhaps beyond) desktops... We expect to once again provide the de-facto minimalist yet extremely functional window manager to the world."[11] On 29 January 2012, Window Maker 0.95.1 was released, making it the first official release in almost seven years. This was followed by a number of releases; As of October 2023[update] the latest release was 0.96,0, released on 5 August 2023.[12]

The program's name, a pun on the term widowmaker, was originally WindowMaker (camel cased and without the space) but a naming conflict arose with an older product called Windowmaker from Windowmaker Software Ltd, a UK company producing software for companies that manufacture windows and doors. A 1998 agreement between the developers of Window Maker and Windowmaker Software specified that Window Maker (in the X sense) should never be used as a single word.

Adhering closely to the NeXT interface, the default appearance can be confusing to someone expecting a Microsoft Windows-style taskbar and start menu. All applications can be accessed by right-clicking on the desktop background to access the fully configurable main menu. The menu can also be displayed using the keyboard, with .mw-parser-output .keyboard-key{border:1px solid #aaa;border-radius:0.2em;box-shadow:0.1em 0.1em 0.2em rgba(0,0,0,0.1);background-color:#f9f9f9;background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,#eee,#f9f9f9,#eee);color:#000;padding:0.1em 0.3em;font-family:inherit;font-size:0.85em}F12 for the application menu and F11 for a window menu.

Icons representing running applications appear at the bottom of the screen (the user can extend application windows to cover these). By default, the dock appears at upper right. Icons can be dragged onto the dock to make them permanent. The edge of an icon can be right-clicked to adjust its settings. A separate, dockable application called wmdrawer features a slide-out drawer which can hold application and file launching icons.

The WPrefs configuration tool enables tuning of most Window Maker preferences. wmakerconf was developed to provide more configuration options, notably theme customization. Configuration files are typically stored in ~/GNUstep/. The background can be changed from the command line with wmsetbg -s -u [filename.jpg] (wmsetbg stands for "window maker set background").

Before Mac OS X, there was a quirky closed-source Unix system called NeXTSTEP. Sun Microsystems later made NeXTSTEP's underpinnings an open specification, which enabled other projects to create free and open source versions of many NeXT libraries and components. GNUStep implemented the bulk of NeXTSTEP's libraries, and Window Maker implemented its desktop environment.

Window Maker mimics the NeXTSTEP desktop GUI closely and provides some interesting insight into what Unix was like in the late '80s and early '90s. It also reveals some of the foundational concepts behind window managers like Fluxbox and Openbox.

You can install Window Maker from your distribution's repository. To try it out, log out of your desktop session after the installation is complete. By default, your session manager (KDM, GDM, LightDM, or XDM, depending on your setup) will continue to log you into your default desktop, so you must override the default when logging in.

By default, the Window Maker desktop is empty but for a few docks in each corner. As in NeXTSTEP, in Window Maker, a dock area is where major applications can go to be minimized as icons, where launchers can be created for quick access to common applications, and where tiny "dockapps" can run.

To access the application menu, right-click anywhere on the desktop. To close it again, right-click. Window Maker isn't a desktop environment; rather it's a window manager. It helps you arrange and manage windows. Its only bundled application is called WPrefs (or more commonly, Window Maker Preferences), a settings application that helps you configure commonly used settings, while the application menu provides access to other options, including themes.

The applications you run are entirely up to you. Within Window Maker, you can choose to run KDE applications, GNOME applications, and applications that are not considered part of any major desktop. Your work environment is yours to create, and you can manage it with Window Maker.

Back in the early years, running Linux on the desktop meant doing a lot of configuration via text files. And even though every window manager did things differently, it was almost an inevitability that a user would have to open a terminal window and work with the command line.

I spent a few years with Window Maker as my default desktop. Part of the joy was getting to know the system well enough that editing menus and undertaking other tasks in this fashion became second nature.

Window Maker Live is a Linux distribution dedicated to bringing Window Maker back to relevance. Granted, the appeal of this version of Linux will most likely be limited to those people who've spent years watching Linux evolve into the modern and user-friendly desktop operating system that it is today. However, any type of user should enjoy using Windows Maker Live to see where Linux started.

Window Maker is a window manager, which is a software stack that controls the placement and appearance of windows. The difference between a window manager and a desktop environment is that a desktop environment is far more integrated than a window manager.

Where the definition gets a bit confusing is that a window manager is actually part of a desktop environment. So first, you have a windowing system (such as X.org or Wayland). On top of that, you have a window manager. Then, you can add a desktop environment that further integrates the window manager, the windowing system, and the installed applications.

Window Maker Live includes the first two elements: a windowing system and a window manaer. And although it's easy to mistake Window Maker for a full-blown desktop environment, the simple act of installing an application and making it appear in the desktop menu illustrates the difference. Let me show you how.

Let's say you want to install Firefox on Window Maker Live. Because Window Maker Live is based on Debian, Firefox can be installed with apt. However, the standard version of Firefox isn't available via the default repositories. Firefox ESR, however, is. So, to install Firefox ESR, you must open a terminal window, which is accessed by left clicking the desktop and selecting Terminal from the menu.

You might think after the installation is complete that Firefox would then be available to the desktop menu, but it's not -- and you have to add it manually. To do this, go back to the terminal window and open the proper file for editing with the command:

You might be wondering what all those icons mean on the desktop (see the desktop image, above). Although I can't remember the specific names of these elements, here's the function they serve (clockwise from top left):

If you double click the app's title bar, the app will shade, which means it rolls up into the title bar, where you can move it around the desktop and leave it where it's convenient. I've always been a big fan of window shading, as it makes for a very efficient desktop.

And that's kind of the beauty of Window Maker Live. The more you get to know how it works, the more efficient it becomes. Yes, you will still have to manually edit menus and the like, but with a bit of work -- and some time -- you can wind up with a desktop that's very efficient, highly reliable, and lightning fast.

I've really enjoyed my time with Window Maker Live, even if only because it reminded me of how I got my start with Linux. If you either want to take a walk down memory lane or get a peek into what early Linux desktops were like, I highly recommend giving this distribution a try.

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