Sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus dominated, moderately mature, fairly open, plantation woodland, the central part of which (a former quarry site) has been cleared to form a small landfill site with a vehicular access track extending to the residential properties at Hope and farmland to the west of the woodland. Nevertheless, woodland at the western and eastern and northern margin of the site has only been subject to a moderately low level of disturbance and woodland habitats persist. The even age of the sycamore woodland suggests that the woodland is of plantation origin. However, there are occasional ash, larch and sparse coppice-like wych elm Ulmus glabra. There is one fairly mature wych elm at the southwest edge of the area. Natural regeneration is starting to become commonplace in the least disturbed section of woodland. There is a limited amount of fallen and standing dead wood present in the undisturbed woodland There is also locally rare Norway spruce Picea abies and larch Larix decidua. Sycamore, larch and spruce have probably been planted to compensate for elm woodland lost to Dutch elm disease a few decades ago. The groundlayer vegetation is of fairly low diversity and is dominated by common woodland mosses (including Thuidium tamariscinum and Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus) with frequent broad buckler-fern Dryopteris dilatata, wood avens Geum urbanum, scaly male-fern Dryopteris affinis and rosebay willowherb Chamerion angustifolium. There is occasional barren strawberry Potentilla sterilis, creeping buttercup Ranunculus repens, red campion Silene dioica, common nettle Urtica dioica, ground ivy Glechoma hederacea, daisy Bellis perennis, and sparse dog violet Viola riviniana and bramble Rubus fruticosus agg. Occasional stands of cowslip Primula veris are present at the open edges of the woodland. Small stands of Spanish bluebell Hyacinthoides hispanica (possible hybrid with common bluebell) are present at the southern part of the wood. A brown hare Lepus europaeus was observed. Shooting takes place in the wood. Common woodland birds are present in the wood. A woodpecker hole was noted in a dead elm truck about 4m above ground level on a steep banking.
Broad-leaved plantation woodland of moderately mature age within a valley, east of A68 at Hope. There is an open canopy with a sparse shrub layer and abundant dead wood and moss covered trees. The ground flora is poor with dominant common nettle. The wood opens out towards the cottage with patches of hawthorn Crataegus monogyna interspersed with black knapweed Centaurea nigra, primrose Primula vulgaris and patches of herbs and grasses, such as wood sorrel Oxalis acetosella and tufted vetch Vicia cracca. There is a newly planted area of birch Betula sp., sycamore, oak Quercus sp., rowan Sorbus aucuparia and horse chestnut Aesculus hippocastanum with seeded perennial rye-grass Lolium perenne and Yorkshire fog Holcus lanatus. The trees are planted at 2 m spacings. The wood is overrun by rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus.
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There is a lay-by at NT.40751.62804 with a grassy mound separating it from the road. There are planted trees and shrubs, such as crab apple Malus sylvestris, rowan, dog rose Rosa canina agg., ash Fraxinus excelsior and alder Alnus glutinosa with the neutral grassland consisting of abundant amounts of white clover Trifolium repens and perennial rye grass.
Linear area of moderately young and quite dense mixed plantation in an area on a mound above the level of the adjacent pastureland. This man-made landscaping is probably connected with the lime kiln present at the south edge of the plantation. Norway spruce is dominant with frequent scrub layer composed of elder and hawthorn. Sycamore is occasional present through most of the plantation. Rare mature ash trees are present are the edges of the plantation. The ground layer is poorly developed (due to high shading levels) and there are occasional stands of common nettle, creeping buttercup and common woodland mosses. Ground-elder Aegopodium podagraria is sparse. There is a stand of snowdrops Galanthus nivalis at the southwest edge of the plantation. Roe deer Capreolus capreolus signs are prevalent. A brown hare was noted. The area is used for game bird rearing.
Western compartment of Magazine Wood is composed of open mature conifer plantation (Scots pine Pinus sylvestris dominated with frequent larch and occasional Norway spruce) that has been planted on a moderately steep slope that stretches down to the A68 with an abundant shrub layer of elder (probably indicating disturbed ground due to forestry operations). There is much fallen dead wood in the ground layer characterised by common nettle and cleavers Galium aparine.
The southern part of Magazine wood is located in an area of disused lime kiln (NT.41157.62510) on a steep slope. The woodland is moderately dense. Mixed plantation of moderate age characterises the woodland. There is abundant sycamore (even aged) and elder with frequent Norway spruce, larch and occasional ash. Natural regeneration is resulting in the woodland plantation becoming progressively naturalised in nature indicated by reasonably good age diversity. Due to appreciably high shade levels there is a sparse ground layer, which is limited to common woodland mosses and sparse common nettle, wood avens, barren strawberry, red campion and Spanish bluebell (possibly hybrid with native bluebell). There are remains of old walls and fences. There are numerous indications of rabbit and roe deer activity. There is some standing and fallen deadwood present (including wych elm).
Magazine Wood. Moderately mature mixed plantation dominated by spruce with occasional sycamore, larch and ash and groundlayer dominated by common nettle with elder shrub-layer. The wood is undulating in profile. There is a large gamebird rearing pen taking up about a third of the wood. Rabbits are abundant.
Marl Law Wood. Broad-leaved plantation in an old quarry with a bowl-shaped topography. Some of the trees are more than 20 years old and others more than 10 years old. Sycamore and ash are abundant with other species including hawthorn, hazel and crab apple and the ground flora consisting of species such as common dog violet, primrose and common comfrey Symphytum officinale. There is some natural regeneration. There is an area of old ash coppice and another area of planted larch with sycamore and other vegetation throughout. Rabbits are present. A dead mole Talpa europea was found.
Small valley with Cakemuir Burn at the base. There is a flat area around the burn then steep slopes. The south bank consists of Sitka spruce plantation with mature, broad-leaved woodland edges, composed of beech and alder. The wood is dense on the upper slope with no understorey. The slopes are very wet with some ground flora on the lower slope near the burn, which includes meadowsweet, moschatel, lesser celandine Ranunculus ficaria, opposite-leaved golden-saxifrage Chrysosplenium oppositifolium, water avens Geum rivale and ground-elder. The north slopes consist of scrub and grassland with patches of bracken Pteridium aquilinum. The scrub consists of hawthorn, gorse Ulex europaeus, blackthorn Prunus spinosa and occasional alder and beech. The grassland includes dominant meadowsweet, abundant creeping soft-grass Holcus mollis and Yorkshire fog, frequent black knapweed, raspberry and hogweed Heracleum sphondylium and occasional marsh marigold, lesser celandine and soft-rush. The bottom of the river valley is dominated by alder carr with a waterlogged ground layer dominated by meadowsweet and opposite-leaved golden saxifrage with frequent amounts of willow Salix sp. and lesser celandine.
Cakemuir Burn is 3-4 m wide with pebble beaches, riffles, meanders, deep pools, rock exposures and gravel substrate with sandy beds. The banks are sand and stone with overhanging branches. Fish fry were recorded in deep pools of the Cakemuir Burn.
Steep sided mixed woodland shelterbelt with minor watercourse, the Partridge Burn, running down the centre. The canopy consists of Sitka spruce, beech, wych elm, downy birch Betula pubescens and western hemlock Tsuga heterophylla, with the understorey featuring moschatel, wood sorrel, wood anemone Anemone nemoralis, bracken and lady fern Athyrium filix-femina. The burn is fast flowing, shallow, up to 20 cm, with a few deep pools and is up to 2 m wide. The substrate comprises beds of gravel, silt and sand. There are landslides and exposed mud banks in places. There are a lot of rabbit warrens bordering the burn.
Semi-improved neutral grassland containing scattered, scrub dominated by raspberry. The grassland is wet in places with a steep slope up to an improved field. Species include abundant creeping soft-grass, meadowsweet, jointed rush Juncus articulatus and raspberry, frequent common valerian Valeriana officinalis and occasional lesser celandine and moschatel. There is an area of alder carr next to the burn (NT.42742.60853) with occasional willow species. At NT.42792.60932 there is a hill dominated by bracken and blackthorn with rabbit warrens.
Road-side embankment on north side of A68, with scrub consisting of willow, hawthorn, beech and holly Ilex aquifolium. The embankment borders a Sitka spruce plantation, which has a lot of wind-blow. The plantation is dense in places with Scots pine at the top. There is no ground flora, except for the occasional wet area dominated by common nettle. Elder dominates the understorey with occasional patches of bracken. A land drain runs through the plantation which is polluted by iron ochre. The soil is very soft around the burn.
Fala Dam Burn to the north of falla Tunnel is contained within a gorge-like valley with semi-natural broad-leaved woodland on its western slopes and riparian woodland on either banks of the watercourse. The semi-natural woodland is dominated by alder with patches of bracken, gorse, scrub and recently planted broad-leaved species with the lower ground being wet. As well as alder the woodland contains Scots pine, birch, elder blackthorn, beech and gorse. The ground flora includes wood sage, common dog violet, wood avens, primrose and germander speedwell Veronica chamaedrys. 152ee80cbc
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