Where Eagles Dare is a 1968 action adventure war thriller spy film directed by Brian G. Hutton and starring Richard Burton, Clint Eastwood and Mary Ure. It follows a Special Operations Executive team of men attempting to save a captured American General from the fictional Schlo Adler fortress, except the mission turns out not to be as it seems. It was filmed in Panavision using the Metrocolor process, and was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Alistair MacLean wrote the screenplay, his first, at the same time that he wrote the novel of the same name. Both became commercial successes.
The film involved some of the top filmmakers of the day and was shot on location in Austria and Bavaria. Hollywood stuntman Yakima Canutt was the second unit director and shot most of the action scenes; British stuntman Alf Joint doubled for Burton in many sequences, including the fight on top of the cable car; award-winning conductor and composer Ron Goodwin wrote the film score; and future Oscar-nominee Arthur Ibbetson worked on the cinematography. Where Eagles Dare received mostly positive critical reaction, with praise for the action sequences, musical score and the performances of Burton and Eastwood, and is considered a classic.[4][5]
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In the winter of 1943-44, MI6 officers Colonel Turner and Admiral Rolland assign Major John Smith, five other commandos of the Special Operations Executive, and U.S. Army Ranger Lieutenant Morris Schaffer of the OSS to rescue U.S. Army Brigadier General George Carnaby, a chief planner for the Western Front. Carnaby was captured by the Germans and taken to the Schlo Adler, a mountaintop fortress in the Bavarian alpine village of Werfen, which is accessible only by cable car. Disguised as German troops, Smith and his team are to parachute in, infiltrate the castle, and rescue General Carnaby before the Germans can interrogate him. After a Ju 52 transport plane drops the team into Germany, agent Mary Ellison is dropped separately in secret, her presence known only to Smith.
Though two commandos are mysteriously killed, Smith continues the operation; he keeps Schaffer as a close ally, and helps Mary to meet local agent Heidi Schmidt, who arranges for Mary to be employed as a maid at the castle. In Werfen, the Germans eventually surround the commandos in a tavern, forcing them to surrender. Smith and Schaffer (being officers) are separated from the remaining three operatives: Thomas, Berkeley, and Christiansen. Smith and Schaffer kill their captors, blow up a supply depot, and prepare an escape route for later use. They ride on the roof of a cable car up to the castle, and then climb inside when Mary lowers a rope.
German General Rosemeyer and Standartenfhrer Kramer are interrogating Carnaby when the three new prisoners arrive, who reveal themselves as German double agents. Smith and Schaffer intrude, weapons drawn, but Smith forces Schaffer to disarm, identifying himself as Sturmbannfhrer Johann Schmidt of the Schutzstaffel's SD intelligence branch. He conveys proof of his identity, which includes showing the name of Germany's top spy in Britain to Kramer, who silently affirms it. He then reveals that "General Carnaby" is actually Corporal Cartwright Jones, an impersonator who volunteered to be captured. Claiming that the double agents are British impostors, Smith proposes that they prove themselves by writing down the names of their fellow agents in Britain, to be compared to his own list in his pocket. After the three finish their lists, Smith takes them and reveals that he was bluffing, and that the lists were the British mission's true objective all along.
Meanwhile, Mary is visited by Sturmbannfhrer von Hapen, a Gestapo officer who is attracted to her, but he becomes suspicious of flaws in her cover story. Leaving her, he happens upon the scene of Carnaby's interrogation just as Smith finishes his explanation. Von Hapen puts everyone under arrest but is distracted when Mary arrives. Schaffer kills von Hapen and the other German officers with his silenced pistol.
The group then makes its escape, taking the three double agents as prisoners. Schaffer sets explosives to create diversions around the castle, while Smith uses the radio room to inform Rolland of their success. From there they head to the cable car station, sacrificing Thomas as a decoy. Berkeley and Christiansen break free and attempt their own escape in a cable car; both are thwarted and killed by Smith. The group reunites with Heidi on the ground, boarding a bus they prepared earlier as an escape vehicle. They battle their way onto an airfield and escape via their Ju 52 transport, where Turner is waiting.
As Turner debriefs Smith, Smith reveals that Kramer confirmed Turner as Germany's top spy in Britain. Rolland lured Turner and the other double agents into the mission to expose them. Smith's trusted partner Mary and the American Schaffer (who had no connection to MI6) were assigned to the mission to ensure its success. Turner attempts to kill Smith with a Sten gun, but Rolland anticipated such a move and removed its firing pin. To avoid a humiliating court martial and execution, Turner is permitted to jump from the aircraft without a parachute. As the exhausted operatives fly home, Schaffer humorously tells Smith to keep his next operation "all-British".
Burton later said, "I decided to do the picture because Elizabeth's two sons said they were fed up with me making films they weren't allowed to see, or in which I get killed. They wanted me to kill a few people instead."[6]
The producer consulted MacLean and requested an adventure film filled with mystery, suspense, and action. Most of MacLean's novels had been made into films or were being filmed. Kastner persuaded MacLean to write a new story; six weeks later, he delivered the script, at that time entitled Castle of Eagles. Kastner hated the title, and chose Where Eagles Dare instead. The title[8] is from Act I, Scene III, Line 71 in William Shakespeare's Richard III: "The world is grown so bad, that wrens make prey where eagles dare not perch". Like virtually all of MacLean's works, Where Eagles Dare features his trademark "secret traitor", who must be unmasked by the end.
Kastner and co-producer Jerry Gershwin announced in July 1966 that they had purchased five MacLean scripts, starting with Where Eagles Dare and When Eight Bells Toll.[9] Brian Hutton had just made Sol Madrid for the producers and was signed to direct.[10]
Eastwood and Burton reportedly dubbed the film 'Where Doubles Dare' due to the amount of screen time in which stand-ins doubled for the cast during action sequences.[4] Filming began on 2 January 1968 in Austria and concluded in July 1968.[11] Eastwood received a salary of $800,000 while Burton received $1,200,000.[11][12] This is one of the first sound films to have used front projection effect.[13] This technology enabled filming of the scenes where the actors are on top of the cable car.
Eastwood initially thought the script written by MacLean was "terrible" and was "all exposition and complications." According to Derren Nesbitt, Eastwood requested that he be given less dialogue. Most of Schaffer's lines were given to Burton, whilst Eastwood handled most of the action scenes.[14] Director Hutton played to his actors' strengths, allowing for Burton's theatrical background to help the character of Smith and Eastwood's quiet demeanour to establish Schaffer. Eastwood took the part on the advice of his agent, who felt it would be interesting to see his client appear with someone with seniority. Eastwood and Burton got along well on set.[15]
Derren Nesbitt was keen to be as authentic as possible with his character Gestapo Major von Hapen. Whilst on location, he requested to meet a former member of the Gestapo to better understand how to play the character and to get the military regalia correct. While dressed in his SS uniform, he caused a Baron to faint with shock and found out that he was Himmler's driver. Nesbitt said that the "Jewish chronicle called me afterwards and said, 'How could you play a German?' I said 'I do it because I play them very badly.' That seemed to satisfy them." He was injured on set whilst filming the scene in which Schaffer kills von Hapen. The blood squib attached to Nesbitt exploded with such force that he was temporarily blinded, though he made a quick recovery.[14][16]
The filming was delayed due to the adverse weather in Austria. Shooting took place in winter and early spring of 1968, and the crew had to contend with blizzards, sub-zero temperatures and potential avalanches. Further delays were incurred when Richard Burton, well known for his drinking binges, disappeared for several days, with his friends Peter O'Toole, Trevor Howard and Richard Harris.[17] As part of his deal with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Clint Eastwood took delivery of a Norton P11 motorcycle, which he 'tested' at Brands Hatch racetrack,[18] accompanied by Ingrid Pitt, something that he had been forbidden from doing by Kastner for insurance purposes in case of injury or worse.[19]
The Junkers Ju 52 used to fly Smith and Schaffer's team into Austria and then make their escape at the end of the film was a Swiss Air Force Ju 52/3m, registration A-702.[23] It was destroyed in an accident on 4 August 2018, killing all 20 people on board.[24][25][26]
Where Eagles Dare received a Royal premiere at the Empire, Leicester Square cinema on 22 January 1969 with Princess Alexandra in attendance. Of the stars of the film, only Clint Eastwood was not present as he was filming Two Mules for Sister Sara in Mexico.[32]
Where Eagles Dare was a huge success,[33] earning $6,560,000 at the North American box office during its first year of release.[34] It was the seventh-most popular film at the UK box office in 1969, and 13th in the US.[35]
Mad Magazine published a satire of the film in its October 1969 issue under the title "Where Vultures Fare." In 2009 Cinema Retro released a special issue dedicated to Where Eagles Dare which detailed the production and filming of the film.[39] 152ee80cbc
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