NOTICE - Each welding application is unique. Although certain Miller Electric products are designed to determine and default to certain typical welding parameters and settings based upon specific and relatively limited application variables input by the end user, such default settings are for reference purposes only; and final weld results can be affected by other variables and application-specific circumstances. The appropriateness of all parameters and settings should be evaluated and modified by the end user as necessary based upon application-specific requirements. The end user is solely responsible for selection and coordination of appropriate equipment, adoption and adjustment of default weld parameters and settings, and ultimate quality and durability of all resultant welds. Miller Electric expressly disclaims any and all implied warranties including any implied warranty of fitness for a particular purpose.

6013 - These electrodes are characterized by light to medium penetration, a rather quiet arc, and a dense slag completely covering the weld deposit. Slag removal is excellent and the arc can be established and maintained easily. These electrodes were made first for sheet metal applications, however, larger diameters are used for heavier weldments. The coating contains elements which permit establishing the arc at low open circuit voltages and low welding amperages. There is not an electrode which can truly be called an "all purpose" electrode, however, the E-6013 is sometimes called the "all Purpose" because of its many applications.


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This electrode is popular in schools and welder training programs since they are usable with all types of welding power supplies and welding positions. Ordinarily the E-6013 would not be used for high amperage, high deposition rate applications.

The E-7014 electrodes are all right for welding mild and low alloy steels. Weld beads are smooth with fine ripples. Penetration is low to medium which is good for poor fit-up jobs. The end view of fillet welds tends to be flat to slightly convex. The slag is easily removed, self-cleaning in many cases.

7024 - These electrodes have coverings with high amounts of iron powder together with ingredients almost like those found in E-7014 and E-6013 electrodes. As a rule, the coatings on E-7024 electrodes are very high in iron powder, usually amounting to about half of the weight. The large amount of flux means that a higher welding amperage be used with an equivalent diameter electrode of another type. The slag produced will be almost self-peeling if proper welding techniques are used. Since there is a large amount of slag, these electrodes are not suited for out-of-position welding.

ESAB University is your online learning destination for welding and fabrication technology. Make personalized playlists of your favorite resources including videos, blogs, articles, webinars and more.

Enhance your knowledge of welding, cutting, and fabrication with free and accessible webinars on a variety of topics, including welding best practices, tips for using ESAB products, new product launches, and more, presented by trusted ESAB experts.

Welding is complex. Complicated structures require not only the necessary welding technology, a great deal of sensitivity and a deep understanding of the material, but also extensive calculations. Until now, these calculations have been complex and time-consuming.

The Welding Calculator App supports the planning and optimization of welding tasks such as the calculation of cooling times, preheating temperatures or the calculation of the required filler metal quantities. As a joint development between the voestalpine Steel Division and voestalpine Bhler Welding, the app is currently available for Android in the Google Play Store and for iOS in the App Store.

Checks whether the selected welding parameters are within the recommended processing range or whether there is a need for optimization to produce the required welding seams. The integrated retroactive calculation makes it possible to adapt welding tasks as required.

Calculates whether unalloyed and low-alloyed steels (in accordance with EN 1011-2, Annex C.3, CET design, and pursuant to ANSI/AWS D1.1, Annex H, Pcm design) have to be brought to temperature before welding in order to avoid cold cracking. The need for edge drying is examined based on the climatic conditions.

We are a leader in the welding industry with over 100 years of experience, more than 50 subsidiaries and more than 4,000 distribution partners around the world. Our extensive product portfolio and welding expertise combined with our global presence guarantees we are close when you need us. Having a profound understanding of your needs enables us to solve your demanding challenges with Full Welding Solutions - perfectly synchronized and as unique as your company.

With this information, and knowing the deposition rate of the process, it is possible to determine the arc time (the length of time that an arc is burning and depositing weld metal) and the amount of welding consumables required to fill the joint. Both of these are required in order to calculate the cost of making the weld. Costing will be dealt with in future Job Knowledge articles.

With a fillet weld or a 45 single bevel joint this is relatively simple but the calculations become lengthier as the weld preparation becomes more complex. Fig.1 illustrates how simple this calculation is for an equal leg length fillet weld; the area of such a weld is half the square of the leg length, Z. When using this formula do not forget that welders seldom deposit precisely the size of weld called up on the drawing or in the welding procedure and that there may be some excess weld metal on the face of the weld.

There are three factors that determine the volume of the weld in a single V butt weld. These are the angle of the bevel, b, the excess weld metal and the root gap, g, as illustrated in Fig 3. To calculate the area of this weld we need to be able to add together the areas of the four components illustrated in Fig.3.

To obtain the weight of weld metal this figure is then multiplied by the density of the alloy. Table 1 gives the density of some of the more common alloys in gm/cu.cm. Note that with some alloys the alloying elements can change the density quite significantly.

The weight of weld metal to fill one metre length of the joint described above would therefore be; in carbon steel (507 x 7.86) = 3985gms or 3.98kgs/metre; in a 5XXX series aluminium alloy (507 x 2.65) = 1343gms, 1.34kgs/metre.

A J-preparation, however, adds another area into the equation; that of the half circle at the root of the weld, see Fig.4. The formulae given above to calculate 'c', the area of the two red components and the excess weld metal remain unchanged but the width of the cap must be increased by 2r. There are also the two areas, 'A' and 'B', to calculate and the two white root radius areas to be added to the total.

Having calculated the weight of weld metal required to fill a weld preparation it is then possible to calculate the weight of filler metal required (these two figures are not necessarily the same) and to estimate the time required to deposit this weld metal; both essential in order to arrive at a cost of fabricating the weld. This will be covered in future Job Knowledge articles.

It is root gap for welding of two metals. You can use any dimentional units such as Inches or MM as per your prefererance. if you are using Inches as units for your input values then please refer decimal fractional chart to enter proper input values.

It is root face prepared during welding edges preparation for welding of two metals. You can use any dimentional units such as Inches or MM as per your prefererance. if you are using Inches as units for your input values then please refer decimal fractional chart to enter proper input values.

It is height of welding material excess from top of the welding metal top face. You can use any dimentional units such as Inches or MM as per your prefererance. if you are using Inches as units for your input values then please refer decimal fractional chart to enter proper input values. ff782bc1db

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