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Lin et al. (2025) utilizes Anduril’s Altius 600, a small uncrewed aircraft system (sUAS), that collected data and provided a better understanding of spatiotemporal variations of turbulent properties in the low-level eye and eyewall regions of Category 5 Hurricane Ian (2022). The Altius that flew into Hurricane Ian for 102 minutes and collected continuous, high-resolution measurements in regions with wind speeds up to 105 m/s. The study highlighted the scale-dependent nature of TKE and momentum flux in the eye and eyewall regions by multiscale. Our result suggests that inappropriate integration scales can lead to unreliable turbulent energy and flux estimations, especially in high-wind regions.
Lin et al. (2024) examines how vertical moisture transport varies nonlinearly across multiple scales due to land surface heterogeneity. Airborne in situ measurements with the wavelet technique are employed to explore scale-dependent relationships among latent heat flux (LE), vertical velocity variance, and water vapor variance at 100 m altitude. Our findings reveal distinct scale distributions for LE, vertical velocity variance, and water vapor variance. Notably, the large-eddy scale (200 m - 2 km) contributes 70% of vertical moisture transport from the surface to the Planetary Boundary Layer.
Lin et al. (2023) highlights the importance of temporal variation of water vapor mixing ratio (WVMR) to instability during the peak tornadic seasons in the U.S. Southeast and Great Plains regions. Temporal water vapor variations can significantly change potential buoyancy perturbations, potentially causing storms to either intensify or weaken. However, capturing these changes in water vapor and instability as storms move remains a challenge. This study suggests that enhancing observations of moisture variability in near-storm inflow could lead to a more accurate assessment of severe weather threats.
Lin et al. (2021) documents the consequences of a collision between two converging shallow atmospheric boundaries over the central Great Plains on the evening of 7 June 2015. The collision between these boundaries led to the lofting of high-CAPE, low-CIN air, resulting in deep convection, as well as an undular bore. This case study is unique by using the high temporal and spatial resolution of airborne Raman lidar measurements to describe the thermodynamic structure of interacting boundaries and a resulting bore.
Lin et al. (2019) investigates the small-scale variability of thermodynamic structures in the interaction between the Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) and storms. A compact Raman lidar (CRL) deployed on the University of Wyoming King Air aircraft directly sampled temperature and water vapor profiles at unprecedented vertical and along-track resolutions as the ABL approached a Mesoscale Convective System (MCS). The high Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) in the environment is conducive to the generation of new convective cells within the MCS.
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