The 2nd Workshop on the security implications of Deepfakes and Cheapfakes (WDC '23)

co-located with ACM ASIACCS 2023

Melbourne, Australia

July 10, 2023

Proceedings Available: https://dl.acm.org/doi/proceedings/10.1145/3595353

Welcome

12:50-1:00 AEST

Presenter: WDC Co-chair


Keynote

1:00-1:45 AEST

Temporal Evolution of Human Perceptions and Detection of Deepfakes: An Empirical Study

Keynote speaker: Ganna Pogrebna

[Slides]

Speaker’s Bio

Ganna Pogrebna is a pioneer in behavioural data science. She is Executive Director of the Artificial Intelligence and Cyber Futures Institute at Charles Sturt University, Honorary Professor at the University of Sydney, and Lead for Behavioural Data Science at the Alan Turing Institute. Blending behavioural science, AI, computer science, data analytics, engineering, and business model innovation, Ganna helps businesses, cities, charities, and individuals to better understand why they make decisions they make and how they can optimize their behaviour to achieve higher profit, better social outcomes, as well as flourish and bolster their wellbeing. Her recent projects focus on smart technological and social systems, cybersecurity, human-computer and human-data interactions, and business models. Her most impactful projects concentrated on cybersecurity as a behavioural science as well as applications of behavioural data science to media industry . Her digital security risk-tolerance scale (CyberDoSpeRT) is widely used in Australia and abroad. Ganna’s contributions to risk analytics and modelling was recognized by the Leverhulme Research Fellowship award. In January 2020, she was also named as the winner of TechWomen100 – the prize awarded to leading female experts in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics in the UK. She is also named as one of 20+ Inspiring Data Scientists by the AI Time Journal. Ganna runs the Data Driven blog on YouTube as well as Inclusion AI blog. Her work is regularly covered by the traditional as well as social media. Ganna is one of the contributors to the Oxford Handbook of AI Ethics. She is also currently co-editing the Cambridge Handbook of Behavioural Data Science, which is due to be published in 2023 by Cambridge University Press.

Abstract

This study provides an extensive review of how human perceptions of deepfakes have evolved from 2018 up to 2022. Using a variety of qualitative and quantitative methodologies, we explore shifts in public understanding, awareness, and ability to identify deepfakes over this period. We also investigate the influence of the 'Big Five' personality traits on the ability to detect deepfakes, offering novel insights into the psychological factors underpinning individual variability in detection success. Our findings suggest a significant increase in public awareness of deepfakes over the study period, although this has not been accompanied by a parallel increase in detection ability. Despite the evolution of deepfake technology, many individuals still struggle to differentiate between real and manipulated media, with false negatives and positives commonly reported. Furthermore, our results highlight the impact of individual personality traits on deepfake detection. Openness and conscientiousness are associated with higher detection success, potentially due to increased curiosity about emerging technologies and a meticulous approach to detail, respectively. These findings underscore the urgent need for robust public education strategies and the development of advanced detection tools to combat the growing influence and sophistication of deepfakes. Moreover, our study provides a foundation for future research examining the complex interplay between personality traits and susceptibility to digital misinformation.

Full & Short Papers

1:45-2:00 AEST

On the Application of Synthetic Media to Penetration Testing

Authors: Nathalia Soares, Steven Seiden, Ibrahim Baggili and Andrew Webb

2:00-2:15 AEST

Exploiting Inconsistencies in Object Representations for DeepFake Video Detection

Authors: Kishor Kumar Bhaumik and Simon S. Woo

2:15-2:30 AEST

Deepfake in the Metaverse: Security Implications for Virtual Gaming, Meetings, and Offices

Authors: Shahroz Tariq, Alsharif Abuadbba and Kristen Moore

2:30-2:45 AEST

Coffee Break

Panel Discussion

2:45-3:45 AEST

Security Implications of Deepfakes and Potential Threats

Asher Flynn - Monash University

Dr Asher Flynn is an Associate Professor of Criminology in the School of Social Sciences at Monash University and a Chief Investigator on the ARC Centre of Excellence: the Centre for the Elimination of Violence Against Women (CEVAW), where she leads the technology workstream. Asher is an award-winning international researcher in policy and prevention concerning gendered and sexual violence, with a key focus on technology-facilitated abuse. Asher has published eight books and over 60 chapters, articles and reports in this field and generated over $38m in funding. Her research has shaped policy and practice, including informing the introduction of federal and state laws on image-based sexual abuse across Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States. Asher is the recipient of a number of prestigious national and international research fellowships and is the Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Criminology. Asher is a member of the United Nations’ Advisory Group to co-create a shared research agenda to end technology-facilitated gender-based violence and is the only Australian member of Meta’s Global Women’s Safety Board. Asher has advised the Australian Office of the eSafety Commissioner, the United Nations, Meta and Bumble on policy and prevention of technology-facilitated violence. See her Monash profile here and Google Scholar profile here

Kendra Vant - Xero

Spanning strategy, AI, and quantum computers — the pursuit of innovation made tangible to drive positive change has defined Kendra's career. Today she leads AI at Xero, helping small businesses and their advisors safely embrace and participate in the AI revolution. Under her leadership, Xero made the AFR's Most Innovative Companies list in 2022 and developed and launched products that save a century of toil every year for Xero’s global user base. Kendra combines a commercial focus, an in-depth knowledge of the fintech sector and a strong research background (MIT PhD) to shape Xero’s commercial data strategy, internal data infrastructure and its implementation of AI to build seamless customer experiences. Kendra is an outspoken advocate for positively embracing cultural and technological change in a world where the pace of change is accelerating. She has a track record of systematically building organisations that celebrate diversity, creating career-defining opportunities for the oft-overlooked. Her passions include quantitative wellness and restorative agriculture, regularly taking her to the beauty of regional Victoria where she is learning to farm and revegetate grassy woodlands.

Rob Cover - RMIT University

Rob is Professor of Digital Communication at RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia. He is the lead investigator on several Australian Research Council Discovery Projects including the “Digital Hostility Australia” study, and a project investigating the representation of gender and sexuality on Australian screens, and a co-investigator on an ARC Linkage Project with the History Trust of South Australia examining minority migration.  His research focuses on digital communication in the context of social belonging, minority youth, wellbeing and resilience.  Recent books include: Digital Identities: Creating and Communicating the Online Self (Elsevier 2016), Emergent Identities: New Sexualities, Gender and Relationships in a Digital Era (Routledge 2019), Fake News in Digital Cultures (with J Thompson & A Haw, 2022), Identity in Digital Communication: Concepts, Theories, Practices (Routledge 2023), among others. 

Shahroz Tariq - CSIRO's Data61

Shahroz Tariq received his Ph.D. from Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea, working on continual learning, deepfake, and anomaly detection. He was a Ph.D. research assistant at Stony Brook University and SUNY Korea (2017-2019). He received his B.S. in Computer Science with high distinction from the National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences (FAST-NUCES), Islamabad, Pakistan, and his M.S. in Computer Science with high distinction from Sangmyung University, Cheonan, South Korea. He worked as a Software Engineer in Bentley Systems (2014-2015).  Now, he is a postdoctoral fellow working on human-AI collaborative systems for cybersecurity at CSIRO’s Data61 in Sydney, Australia. He has published deepfake detection papers in NeurIPS, ACMMM, WWW, ADGD, WMF, IFIPSEC, SAC, ASOC, and MPS. He has also published research articles in KDD, CIKM, SMC, COSE, IOSec, MiLeTS, and MobiSys. He has been a technical program committee member for AAAI, NeurIPS, KDD, ICLR, WSDM, SDM, WACV, WWW, and CIKM.

Poster and Discussion Papers

3:45-4:00 AEST

The Threat of Real Time Deepfakes

Authors: Guy Frankovits and Yisroel Mirsky

4:00-4:15 AEST

Why Do Facial Deepfake Detectors Fail?

Authors: Binh Le, Shahroz Tariq, Alsharif Abuadbba, Kristen Moore and Simon Woo

4:15-4:30 AEST

GAN Discriminator based Audio Deepfake Detection

Authors: Thien Phuc Doan, Kihun Hong and Souhwan Jung

4:30-5:00 AEST

Closing Remarks and Wrap-up