William Bernard Krantz

Personal Information:                             

• Born January 27, 1939, in Freeport, Illinois, USA

• Married in 1968 to June Clair Gaspar

• One child, Brigette Elise Krantz, born April 30, 1976

• Research interests:  membrane science and technology; fluid mechanics and interfacial phenomena; geophysics and global climate change; heat transfer, mass transfer, and reactor desiign; synfuels and energy

• Hobbies and interests:  English history; classical music; world travel; canoeing and backpacking; vintage postcard collecting; care and repair of antique clocks

• email address: krantz@colorado.edu

Educational Background:

• BA, Chemistry; 1961; Saint Joseph’s College; Rensselaer, Indiana

• BS with Honors in Liberal Arts and Sciences and High Distinction in the Curriculum; Chemical Engineering; 1962; University of Illinois; Urbana-Champaign

• PhD, Chemical Engineering; 1968; University of California; Berkeley

• PE (Professional Engineer); 1973 to date; State of Colorado Registration Number 11630

Professional Experience:

• Assistant Professor 1968-73; Associate Professor 1974-1979; Professor 1980-1999; President's Teaching Scholar 1990-to date; Professor Emeritus 2000-to date; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; University of Colorado; Boulder.

• Fulbright-Hayes Lecturer; Department of Chemical Engineering; Istanbul Technical University; Turkey; 1974-1975.

• NSF-NATO Senior Fellow in Science; Fluid Mechanics Research Institute; University of Essex; Colchester, England; 1975.

• Program Director; Thermodynamics and Mass Transfer Program; National Science Foundation; Washington, DC; 1977-1978.

• Fulbright-Hayes Senior Research Fellow; Institut für Eisenhüttenkunde; Aachen Technical University; Aachen, West Germany; 1981-1982.

• Visiting Keating-Crawford Professor; Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Notre Dame; South Bend, Indiana; 1985.

• Co-Director of the NSF Industry/University Cooperative Research Center for Membrane Applied Science and Technology; University of Colorado; 1988-2000. 

• Co-Director of the NSF Research Experiences for Undergraduates Summer Site Program; University of Colorado; 1993-2000.

• Fulbright Research Fellow and Guggenheim Fellow; Mathematical Institute, Oxford University; UK; 1988-1989.

• Guggenheim Fellow; Department of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore, India; 1989.

• Research Fellow; Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research; University of Colorado; Boulder; 1991-2000.

• President; Southwestern and Rocky Mountain Division; American Association for the Advancement of Science; 1993-1994

• Visiting Professor; Center for Membrane Science and Technology; University of Twente; Enschede, Netherlands; 1995-96.

• NSF GOALI Faculty Fellow; Chevron Research and Technology; Richmond, California; 1996.

• NSF GOALI Faculty Fellow; 3M Corporate Research and Technology; St. Paul, Minnesota; 1996.

• Professor and Rieveschl Ohio Eminent Scholar; 2000-2005; Professor Emeritus 2005-to date; University of Cincinnati; Ohio.

• Co-Director, NSF Industry/University Cooperative Research Center for Membrane Applied Science and Technology; University of Cincinnati; 2000-2005. 

• Director, NSF Research Experiences for Undergraduates Summer Site Program; University of Cincinnati; 2001-2005.

• Director, NSF Integrative Graduate Research Education and Training Program; University of Cincinnati; 2003-2005.

• Visiting Research Fellow; Research School of Chemistry; Australian National University; Canberra; 2003.

• Visiting Research Fellow; Department of Applied Mathematics; Australian National University; Canberra; 2004.

• Visiting Research Fellow; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore; 2004 and 2005.

• Isaac M. Meyer Chair Professor; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; National University of Singapore; 2005-2008.

• Visiting Professor; Department of Chemical Engineering; Istanbul Technical University; Turkey; 2009, 2015-2017.

• Visiting Professor; National Taiwan University; Taipei, Taiwan; 2010, 2011.

• Seelye Fellowship Professor; Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Auckland; New Zealand; 2018.

• Visiting Professor; Singapore Membrane Technology Center; Nanyang Technological University; 2009-2020.

• Fulbright-Nehru Specialist; Department of Chemical Engineering; Siddaganga Institute of Technology; India; 2022.

Honors and Awards:

Recognition for Teaching and Student Mentoring:

1. Dow Outstanding Young Faculty Award, Rocky Mountain Section of the American Society for Engineering Education, 1971.

2. Named as Faculty Mentor by 1971 recipient of University of Colorado President's Medal (The President's Medal is awarded annually to two outstanding undergraduates who name the professor most inspirational to them).

3. Named as Faculty Mentor by 1972 recipient of University of Colorado President's Medal.

4. Ralph R. Teetor Award for outstanding contributions to teaching, research, and student development, Society of Automotive Engineers, 1972.

5. Teaching Recognition Award for Untenured Faculty, Student Development Association of the University of Colorado, 1972.

6. Sigma Tau-Tau Beta Pi Joint Faculty Recognition Award, University of Colorado, 1973.

7. Outstanding Campus Activity Coordinator in the Rocky Mountain Section, American Society for Engineering Education, 1973.

8. Faculty Appreciation Award of the Associated Engineering Students of the University of Colorado, 1976.

9. Faculty Appreciation Award of the Associated Engineering Students of the University of Colorado, 1977.

10. Faculty Appreciation Award of the Associated Engineering Students of the University of Colorado, 1979.

11. Charles A. Hutchinson Memorial Teaching Award of the College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Colorado, 1979.

12. Faculty Appreciation Award of the Associated Engineering Students of the University of Colorado, 1980.

13. George Westinghouse Award, American Society for Engineering Education, 1980.

14. Named among 27 faculty members from the three campuses of the University of Colorado featured in the University of Colorado Yearbook, 1980.

15. Faculty Appreciation Award, Beta Chapter of Tau Beta Pi Engineering Honor Society, 1984.

16. Faculty Appreciation Award, Alpha Xi Chapter of Omega Chi Epsilon Chemical Engineering Honor Society, 1984.

17. Outstanding Faculty Award, Beta Chapter of Tau Beta Pi Engineering Honor Society, 1985.

18. Teaching Recognition Award, Boulder Faculty Assembly of the University of Colorado, 1986.

19. Recognition of Excellence Award for service to the Faculty Teaching Excellence Program of the University of Colorado, Colorado Commission on Higher Education, 1987.

20. Recognition Award, Colorado Chapter of the Turkish-American Student Association, 1989.

21. Outstanding Teaching Award, Alpha Xi Chapter of Omega Chi Epsilon Chemical Engineering Honor Society, 1990.

22. Named a President's Teaching Scholar of the University of Colorado, 1990.

23. Selected among four outstanding educators from the University of Colorado featured in the Boulder Daily Camera newspaper, 1991.

24. Professor Recognition Award, Mortar Board Senior Honor Society of the University of Colorado, 1993.

25. Rocky Mountain Section Outstanding Teaching Award, American Society for Engineering Education, 1998.

26. Undergraduate Advisor Award, BFGoodrich Collegiate Inventors Program, 1999.

27. Named to Academy of Fellows of the American Society for Engineering Education, 1999.

28. Outstanding Professor Award, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, 2001.

29. Dow Lectureship Award, Chemical Engineering Division of the American Society for Engineering Education, 2003.

30. Recipient of Future of Learning Recognition Award based on student nominations of professors who value and encourage diversity, University of Cincinnati, 2004.

31. Honored at Commencement exercises as a faculty member who played a special role in motivating, inspiring, or encouraging graduates in the class of 2005, University of Cincinnati, 2005.

32. Certificate of Appreciation for workshop on Scaling Analysis in Modeling Transport and Reaction Processes, Graduate Students Association of the National University of Singapore, 2010.

Recognition for Professional Service:

1. National Semifinalist in the 1974 White House Fellows Competition.

2. Special Achievement and Outstanding Performance Awards from the National Science Foundation, 1978.

3. National Research Lecturer for Sigma Xi Scientific Research Society, 1984-86.

4. Visiting Keating-Crawford Professor in Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, 1985.

5. Speakers Bureau Lecturer, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 1987-89.

6. Certificate of Recognition, Sigma Xi Scientific Research Society, 1987.

7. Special Center Directors Recognition Award given by the NSF Industry/University Cooperative Research Center for Membrane Applied Science and Technology at the University of Colorado, 2005.

Recognition for Research:

1. First Place in the Professional Category of the Annual Technical Awards Competition, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Rocky Mountain Section, 1970.

2. Fulbright-Hayes Lecturing Fellowship, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey, 1974-75.

3. Fulbright-Hayes Intercountry Exchange Grant to lecture in Portugal, June, 1975.

4. NSF-NATO Senior Fellowship in Science, Fluid Mechanics Research Institute, University of Essex, England, 1975.

5. AWU/ERDA Faculty Research Fellowship, Laramie Energy Research Center, Wyoming, 1977.

6. Certificate of Appreciation from DOE's Laramie Energy Research Center for Assistance in Development of a Complete Theory for Reverse Combustion in their UCG Program, 1977.

7. Fulbright-Hayes Senior Research Fellowship, Aachen Technical University, West Germany, 1981-82.

8. Fulbright-Hayes Intercountry Exchange Grant to lecture in Turkey, April, 1982.

9. Fulbright-Hayes Intercountry Exchange Grant to lecture in Israel, May, 1982.

10. Fulbright-Hayes Intercountry Exchange Grant to lecture in India, June, 1982.

11. Named Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1984.

12. Innovation in Coal Conversion Award, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 1987.

13. Fulbright-Hayes Research Fellowship, Mathematical Institute, Oxford University, UK, 1988-89.

14. Guggenheim Fellowship, Oxford University in England and Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore, 1988-89.

15. Outstanding Research Award of the College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Colorado, 1988.

16. Fulbright Intercountry Exchange Grant to lecture in Turkey, April, 1989.

17. Excellence in Research, Scholarly, and Creative Work Award, University of Colorado, 1995.

18. John Wesley Powell Memorial Lecturer, SWARM Division of AAAS, 1995.

19. President’s Award, SWARM Division of AAAS, 1999.

20. Named Centennial Lecturer of the College of Engineering, University of Cincinnati, 2001.

21. Fellowship Award in Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, 2002.

22. Malcolm E. Pruitt Award, Council for Chemical Research, 2004.

23. Named Fellow, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 2005.

24. Schlumberger Lecturer, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Canada, 2010.

25. Honored for Outstanding Contributions to Membrane Science and Technology by Separations Division of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 2012.

26. Co-Author of "Superabsorbent Cryogels Decorated with Silver Nanoparticles as a Novel Water Technology for Point-of-Use Disinfection” named as the outstanding paper in Technology published in Environmental Science and Technology Journal in 2013.

27. Novel High Recovery Reverse Osmosis Process named among 8 winning proposals out of 282 submitted in the More Water Less Concentrate water challenge of U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, 2017.

28. Seelye Visiting Professor Fellowship, University of Auckland, New Zealand, 2018.

29. Fulbright Specialist Grant, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru, India, 2022.

30. Named among four finalists for the Miriam Balaban Innovation Award given by the European Membrane Society for Centrifugal Reverse Osmosis technology,  2024.

Books and Research Monographs:

1. Krantz, W.B., Presenting an Effective and Dynamic Paper – A Guidebook for Novice and Experienced Speakers in a Multicultural World, Academic Press - Elsevier, Cambridge MA, ISBN: 978-0-12-805418-5, 98 pages (2016).

2. Krantz, W.B., Scaling Analysis in Modeling Transport and Reaction Processes – A Systematic Approach to Model Building and the Art of Approximation, John Wiley & Sons, New York, ISBN 978-0-471-77261-3, 529 pages (2007).

3. Krantz, W.B., D.T. Wasan, and P.V. Nerad,  (eds.), Interfacial Phenomena in the New and Emerging Technologies, National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C., 404 pages, (1987).

4. Krantz, W.B., D.T. Wasan and R.K. Jain, (eds.), Thin Liquid Film Phenomena, AIChE Symposium Series, No. 252, Vol. 82, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, New York, 194 pages (1986).

5. Krantz, W.B. and R.D. Gunn, (eds.), Underground Coal Gasification: The State of the Art, AIChE Symposium Series, No. 226, Vol. 79, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, New York, 185 pages (1983).

6. Lauer, B.E. and W.B. Krantz (eds.), Chemical Engineering Laboratory Problems - Vol. IV, University of Colorado, Boulder, 532 pages (1974).

Patents:

1. Continuous Countercurrent Membrane Column for the Separation of Solute/Solvent Systems, U.S. Patent No. 4,755,297, (with B.A. Nerad), issued July 5, 1988.

2. Blood Treatment Device with Moving Membrane for Enhancing Mass Transfer, (with R.R. Bilodeau, R.J. Elgas and M. E. Voorhees), U.S. Patent No. 5,626,759, issued May 6, 1997.

3. Method and Apparatus for Determining the State of Fouling/Cleaning of Membrane Modules, U.S. Patent No. 6,161,435, (with G.-Y. Chai, L.J. Bond, and A.R. Greenberg), issued December 19, 2000.

4. Balanced Flow Resistance OCR Distributor Cone, (with D.E. Earls, H.J. Trimble, J. Chabot, and K. Parimi), U.S. Patent No. 6,387,334, issued May 14, 2002.

5. Apparatus and Method for Controlling Pore Size in Polymeric Membranes and Thin Films, (with A.R. Greenberg, A. Neice, and P. Todd), U.S. Patent No. 6,479,007, issued November 12, 2002.

6. A Membrane Sensor and Method of Detecting Fouling in a Fluid, (with N.W. Maung, E.K. Tan, F.S. Wang, A. Yeo, A.G. Fane, and V.T.S. Sim) U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/408,752, filed on November 1, 2010; NTU Ref: TD/049/10 .

7. Washing Machine with Filtration Unit, (with I. Erdem, Z. Ulger, E. Ozturk, S.B.T. Ersolmaz, and E. Paul), International Patent No. WO 2013/000839 A1, issued January 3, 2013.

8. Determination of Pore Size in Porous Materials by Evaporative Mass Loss, (with A.R. Greenberg, S.S. Hosseini, E. Kujundzic, and A. Yeo); U.S. Patent No. US 2013/0042670 A1, Pub. Date: February 21, 2013.

9.  Antibacterial Cryogels and Porous Hydrogels: their Preparation Method and their Use for Disinfecting Water, (with X. Hu, S.L. Loo, A.G. Fane and T.T. Lim), Provisional Patent Application No.  PCT/SG2014/000273, filed on June 12, 2014.

10. Method and Apparatus for Determining Biofouling of a Membrane, (with V.T.S. Sim, S.R. Suwarno, T.H. Chong, A.S.P. Yeo, and A.G. Fane), Singapore Patent No. 11201401168X filed on October 31, 2012 and granted on March 3, 2015, U.S. Patent No. Patent No. 9,079,137 granted on July 14, 2015.

11. Method and Arrangement for Determining At Least One Pore-Related Parameter of a Porous Material, (with E. Akhondi, A.G. Fane, and F. Wicaksana); Singapore Patent No. 11201401168X issued on March 3, 2015.

12. Apparatus and Method for Reverse Osmosis, (with T.H. Chong and S.-L. Loo), PCT Patent No. WO 2015/152853 A1 issued on October 8, 2015.

13. Cross-Flow Membrane Filtration Channel, (with F. Zamani, J.W. Chew, E. Akhondi, A.G. Fane, and Y.Z. Tan) Singapore Application No. 10201912507V, Filing Date: 19 September 2018, Accorded Filing Date: 28 March 2017; US Application No. : 16/089,310, Filing Date: 18 December 2019, Accorded Filing Date: 28 March 2017.

14. Multi-material Responsive Flow Promoters for Membrane Modules via Additive Manufacturing, (with W. Li, C. Tang, Y-N Wang, A.G. Fane, W. See, J.Y. Lee, J. An, C.K. Chua, T.H. Chong, W.S. Tan), NTU Ref: PAT/303/15/16/SGPRV, International Filing Date: 6 December 2016; US Application No.: 15/779,026, Filing Date: 24 May 2018, Accorded Filing Date: 6 December 2016.

15. Concurrent Desalination and Boron Removal (CDBR) Process, (with M.G. Ahunbay, S.B. Ersolmaz, S. Kurklu, S. Velioglu), Patent Application No. PCT/TR2016/050387 filed on October 19, 2016.

16. Fouling Mitigation in Membrane Applications via the Flow-field Mitigation of Membrane Fouling (FMMF) Technology, (with F. Zamani, J.W. Chew, E. Akhondi, and A.G. Fane), Provisional Patent Application No. 10201602393R filed on March 28, 2016.

17. Fouling Mitigation in Membrane Applications via the Flow-Field Mitigation of Membrane Fouling (FMMF) Technology Inventors, (with F. Zamani, J.W. Chew, E. Akhondi, and A.G. Fane), Provisional Patent Application No. PAT/232/14/16/SG PRV filed on May 13, 2016.

18. Determination of Pore Size in Porous Materials by Evaporative Mass Loss, (with A.R. Greenberg, S.S. Hosseini, E. Kujundzic, and A. Yeo), Priority Filing Date May 2, 2011; U.S. Patent No. 9,618,441, issued April 11, 2017. 

19. Spacer for a Membrane Module, (with W. Li, C. Tang, Y.-N. Wang, A.G. Fane, W.S. Tan, J.Y. Lee, J. An, C.K. Chua, T.H. Chong), U.S. Patent No. 10,166,513 issued January 1, 2019; Singapore Patent No. 11201804416W issued September 26, 2019.

20. Method and Arrangement for Determining At Least One Pore-Related Parameter of a Porous Material,”(with E. Akhondi, A.G. Fane, and F. Wicaksana); Priority Filing Date October 8, 2013; Serial No. 11201600947P; Singapore Patent No. 11201401168X granted on March 3, 2015; U.S. patent 10,078,044 B2 granted on September 18, 2018; European patent No. 3055669 granted on April 8, 2020.

21. Method and Arrangement for Determining At Least One Pore-Related Parameter of a Porous Structure, (with J.W. Chew and F. Zamani); U.S. Patent No. 10,883,911 B2, issued January 5, 2021.

22. Antibacterial Cryogel and Porous Hydrogel, Their Preparation Method, and Their Use for Disinfecting Water, (with X. Hu, S.L. Loo, A.G. Fane, and T.T. Lim), U.S. Patent 10,939,677 B2 issued on March 9, 2021.

23. Reverse Osmosis Apparatus and Method Thereof, (with T.H. Chong), Singapore Provisional Patent Application 10201909462T filed on October 10, 2019; PCT Patent WO 2021/071435 A1 granted April 15, 2021; Chinese Application No. 202080085795.4 Filed on June 9, 2022.

24. Method and Arrangement for Determining At Least One Pore-Related Parameter of a Porous Structure, (with J.W. Chew and F. Zamani); U.S. Patent No. 10,996,158 B2, issued May 4, 2021.

25. Reverse Osmosis Apparatus and Method Thereof, ( with T.H. Chong); U.S. Patent No. 11,097,223 B2 , issued August 24, 2021; PCT Application No: PCT/SG2020/050579), Filing Date: 8 April 2022; Accorded Filing Date: 9 October 2020.

26. Evapoporometer Prototype, (with M.D.C. Lua, J.L. Absalon, and B. Narayanswamy), NTU ref: 2021-474 - Documentation of Technology Disclosure As Copyrighted Software, February 9, 2022.

Published Papers: (275 total)

Education:

1. Krantz, W.B., “Scaling Initial and Boundary Value Problems as a Teaching Tool for a Course in Transport Phenomena,” Chemical Engineering Education, 4(3), 145-152 (1970).

2. Krantz, W.B., “College of Engineering,” Parents and Campus, 2, No. 2, 3 (1980).

3. Krantz, W.B., “ChE Is Running Well at Colorado University,” Chemical Engineering Education, 14(2), 54 (1980).

4. Krantz, W.B., “Undergraduate Research in Chemical Engineering at the University of Colorado,” Chemical Engineering Education, 15(3), 137 (1981).

5. Krantz, W.B. and R.L. Dobbs, “Process Design for Membrane Separations,” pp. 279-294 in Chemical Engineering Education in a Changing Environment, S.L. Sandler and B.A. Finlayson (eds.), Engineering Foundation, New York (1988).

6. Krantz, W.B. and J.G. Sczechowski, "Scaling Initial and Boundary Value Problems  A Tool in Engineering Teaching and Practice,” Chemical Engineering Education, 28(4), 236-253 (1994).

7. Krantz, W.B., “Opportunities for International Cooperation in Membrane Education and Technology Transfer," Membrane Quarterly, 11(2), 6-9 (1996).

8. Krantz, W.B., “Extending the Extended Classroom via an NSF I/U CRC,” 2000 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition Proceedings, June 18-21, 2000, St. Louis, Missouri (available on CD-ROM).

9. Krantz, W.B., “An Alternate Method for Teaching and Implementing Dimensional Analysis,” Chemical Engineering Education,  34(3), 216-221, (2000).

10. Kopaygorodsky, E.M., W.B. Krantz, and V.V. Guliants, “Scaling Analysis – A Valuable Technique in Engineering Teaching and Practice,” 2001 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition Proceedings, June 24-27, 2001, Albuquerque, NM.

11. Krantz, W.B., K. Cedercreutz and A.F. Dardy, “Cooperative Engineering Education Program,” 2002 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition Proceedings, June 16-19, 2002, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

12. Krantz, W.B., “Pediment Graduate Course in Transport Phenomena,” 2003 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition Proceedings, June 22-25, 2003, Nashville, TN).

13. Krantz, W.B., “Membrane Science and Technology in the 21st Century,” Chemical Engineering Education, 37(2), 94-99 (2004).

14. Krantz, W.B., “Scaling Analysis as a Pedagogical Tool in Teaching Transport and Reaction Processes,” 2007 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition Proceedings, June 24-27, 2007, Honolulu, HI .

15. Krantz, W.B., “From Third World to First – in Water Resources Management,” in What’s in a Name?, E. Fung (ed.), National University of Singapore Development Office Yearbook, Republic of Singapore (2007).

16. Krantz, W.B., “Oral Communication Skills Workshop for Students in Engineering and Applied Science,” 2008 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition Proceedings, June 22-25, 2008, Pittsburgh, PA.

17. Krantz, W.B., “Sabbatical and Academic Leaves – An Investment in Your Future!,” 2009 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition Proceedings, June 14-17, 2009, Austin, TX.

Fluid Mechanics and Interfacial Phenomena:

1. Krantz, W.B. and S.L. Goren, “Finite Amplitude, Long Waves on Liquid Films Flowing Down a Plane,” Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamentals, 9, 107 (1970).

2. Krantz, W.B. and S.L. Goren, “Stability of Thin Liquid Films Flowing Down a Plane,” Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamentals, 10, 91 (1971).

3. Krantz, W.B. and S.L. Goren, “Bimodal Wave Formation on Thin Liquid Films Flowing Down a Plane,” A.I.Ch.E. Journal, 17, 494 (1971).

4. Krantz, W.B., J.F. Carley, and A.M. Al-taweel, “Levitation of Solid Spheres in Pulsating Liquids,” Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamentals, 12, 391 (1973).

5. Krantz, W.B. and W.B. Owens, “Spatial Formulation of the Orr-Sommerfeld Equation for Thin Liquid Films Flowing Down a Plane,” A.I.Ch.E. Journal, 19, 1163 (1973).

6. Zollars, R.L. and W.B. Krantz, “Hydrodynamic Stability of Thin Liquid Film Flow Down a Cone,” Proceedings of the GVC/AIChE-Joint Meeting and Jahrstreffen 1974 der Verfahrens-Ingenieure, Munich, West Germany, September 17-20, 1974, p. G5-4.

7. Krantz, W.B., P.C. Martin, and W.A. Weers, “Device to Measure Surfactant Concentration, Analytical Chemistry, 9, 799A (1974).

8. Krantz, W.B., “Additional Comments on the Spatial Formulation of the Orr-Sommerfeld Equation for Thin Liquid Films,” A.I.Ch.E Journal, 21, 179 (1975).

9. Krantz, W.B. and W.B. Owens, “Stationary Wave Formation on Thin Liquid Films Flowing Down a Plane,” Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamentals, 14, 33 (1975).

10. Krantz, W.B., “Additional Comments on Spatially Growing Disturbances in Liquid Films,” A.I.Ch.E. Journal, 21, 596 (1975).

11. Zollars, R.L. and W.B. Krantz, “Laminar Film Flow Down a Right Circular Cone,” Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamentals, 15, 91 (1976).

12. Krantz, W.B. and R.L. Zollars, “The Linear Hydrodynamic Stability of Film Flow Down a Vertical Cylinder,” A.I.Ch.E. Journal, 22, 930 (1976).

13. Shuler, P.J. and W.B. Krantz, “The Equivalence of the Spatial and Temporal Formulations for the Linear Stability of Falling Film Flow,” A.I.Ch.E. Journal, 22, 934 (1976).

14. Krantz, W.B., “Stability of Film Flow Down a Vertical Cylinder,” A.I.Ch.E. Journal, 23, 776 (1977).

15. Shuler, P.J. and W.B. Krantz, “Spatially Growing Three-Dimensional Waves in Falling Film Flow,” International J. Multiphase Flow, 3(6), 609 (1977).

16. Krantz, W.B., P.C. Martin, and L.F. Brown, “Adsorption-Desorption Phenomena at Dynamic Liquid-Gas Interfaces: Interfacial Stagnation Flow,” Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamentals, 17, 341 (1978).

17. Carley, J.F., T. Endo, and W.B. Krantz, “Realistic Analysis of Flow in Wire-Coating Dies,” Polymer Engineering and Science, 19, 1178 (1979).

18. Zollars, R.L. and W.B. Krantz, “Non-Parallel Flow Effects on the Stability of Film Flow down a Right Circular Cone,” J. Fluid Mech., 96, part 3, 583 (1980).

19. Gyure, D.C. and W.B. Krantz, “Laminar Film Flow Over a Sphere,” Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamentals, 22, 405 (1983).

20. Krantz, W. B. and W. Visser, “Capillary Wave Propagation at an Interfacial Stagnation Line,” J. Colloid and Interface Science, 107, 96 (1985).

21. Nerad, B.A. and W.B. Krantz, “Film Instabilities Arising from Steep Concentration or Temperature Gradients,” in Thin Liquid Film Phenomena, A.I.Ch.E. Symposium Series, No. 252, Vol. 82, 34-49 (1986).

22. Krantz, W.B., D. Wasan and R.K. Jain, “Thin Liquid Film Phenomena - Introduction,” in Thin Liquid Film Phenomena, A.I.Ch.E. Symposium Series, No. 252, Vol. 82, 1-4 (1986).

23. Nerad, B.A., W.B. Krantz and C. Maldarelli, “Interrelationship Between the Marangoni, Thin Film and Gradient-Driven Instability Mechanisms:  The Thin Film Problem,” Proceedings of the 1987 ASME-JSME Thermal Engineering Joint Conference - Volume Two, P.J. Marto and I. Tanasawa (eds.), American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, 587-594 (1987).

24. Krantz, W.B. and B.A. Nerad, “A New Mechanism for Inducing Spontaneous Free Convection During Materials Processing in Low-G Fields,” pp. 27-53 in Low-Gravity Sciences, Vol. 67, Science and Technology Series, J.N. Koster (ed.), Univelt, Inc., San Diego (1987).

25. Thiessen, D.B. and W.B. Krantz, “Bimodal Terminal Velocities Using the Falling Needle Viscometer,” Rev. Sci. Instrum., 63(9), 4200-4204 (1992).

26. Krantz, W. B., “Thermodynamics of Surfaces,” chapter 46 in The Engineering Handbook, R. C. Dorf (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 487-494 (1996).

27. Thiessen, D.B., D.J. Chione, C.B. McCreary, and W.B. Krantz, “Robust Digital Image Analysis of Pendant Drop Shapes,” J. of Colloid and Interface Sci., 177, 658-665 (1996).

28. Krantz, W. B., “Thermodynamics of Surfaces,” chapter 48 in The Engineering Handbook, R.C. Dorf (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 48-1 to 48-8 (2005) USBN 0-8493-1586-7.

Heat Transfer, Mass Transfer, and Reactor Design: 

1. Cannon, J.N., F. Kreith, and W.B. Krantz, “An Improved Theoretical Model for the Analysis of Evapotranspiration,” J. of the Colorado-Wyoming Academy of Science, 6, 2 (1969).

2. Krantz, W.B. and D.T. Wasan, “Heat, Mass and Momentum Transfer Analogies for the Fully Developed Turbulent Flow of Power-Law Fluids in Circular Tubes,” Proceedings of the Fluid Dynamics Symposium, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, August 25-27, 1970.

3. Krantz, W.B. and D.T. Wasan, “A Correlation for Velocity and Eddy Diffusivity for the Flow of Power Law Fluids Close to a Pipe Wall,” Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamentals, 10, 424 (1971).

4. Krantz, W.B. and D.T. Wasan, “Heat, Mass, and Momentum Transfer Analogies for the Fully Developed Turbulent Flow of Power Law Fluids in Circular Tubes,” A.I.Ch.E Journal, 17, 1360 (1971).

5. Krantz, W.B. and D.T. Wasan, “Axial Dispersion in the Turbulent Flow of Power Fluids in Straight Tubes,” Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamentals, 13, 56 (1974).

6. Booras, G.S. and W.B. Krantz, “Dispersion of Power-Law Fluids in Laminar Flow through Straight Tubes,” Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamentals, 15, 249 (1976).

7. Cannon, J. N., W. B. Krantz, F. Kreith, and D. Naot, “A Study of Transpiration from Porous Flat Plates Simulating Plant Leaves,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 22, 469 (1979).

8. Johnson, J.A., W.B. Krantz, C.M. Hrenya, and A.W. Weimer, “Sensitivity Analysis of the Rapid Carbothermal Reduction Synthesis of Ultra-Fine Silicon Carbide Powders,” Aerosol Sci. Technol., 36, 1087-1098 (2002).

9. Kopaygorodsky, E.M., V.V. Guliants, and W.B. Krantz “Predictive Dynamic Model of Single-Stage Ultra-Rapid Pressure Swing Adsorption,” A.I.Ch.E. Journal, 50(5), 953 (2004).

10. Dahl, J.K., W.B. Krantz, and A.W. Weimer, “Sensitivity Analysis of the Rapid Decomposition of Methane in an Aerosol Flow Reactor,” Intl. J. Hydrogen Energy, 29(1), 57-65 (2004).

11. Balaji, S., S. Lakshminarayanan, and William B. Krantz, “Scaling and Sensitivity Analysis of a Reverse Flow Reactor,” Chem. Eng. Sci., 63(2), 342-355 (2008).

12. Rama Rao, V., S. Farooq, and W.B. Krantz, “Design of a Two-Step Pulsed Pressure-Swing Adsorption-Based Oxygen Concentrator,” A.I.Ch.E. Journal, 55(12), 1-17 (2009).

13. Rezvanpour, A., W.B. Krantz, and C.-H. Wang, “Scaling Analysis of the Electrohydrodynamic Atomization (EHDA) Process for Pharmaceutical Particle Fabrication,” Chemical Engineering Science, 80, 81-90 (2012).

Synfuels and Energy:

1. Krantz, W.B. and R.D. Gunn, “Linear Stability of Reverse Combustion for In-Situ Coal Gasification,” Proceedings of the Third Underground Coal Conversion Symposium, Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, Rept. Conf. 770652, 146 (1977).

2. Levie, B.E., W.B. Krantz, D.W. Camp, R.D. Gunn, and A.D. Youngberg, “Application of the Spalling-Enhanced Drying Model in Predicting Cavity Geometry and Operating Strategy for the Hanna 2, Phase 2 UCG Field Test,” Proceedings of the Seventh Underground Coal Conversion Symposium, Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, Rept. Conf-810923, 178 (1981).

3. Levie, B.E., W.B. Krantz, R.D. Gunn, and A.D. Youngberg, “A Model for Roof Spalling and Its Application to Predicting Cavity Shape for the Hanna III UCG Field Test,” Proceedings of the Eighth Underground Coal Conversion Symposium, Sandia National Laboratory, Rept. SAND82-2355, 321 (1982).

4. Gunn, R.D. and W.B. Krantz, “Fundamental Research Needs in Underground Coal Gasification,” Proceedings of the Eighth Underground Coal Conversion Symposium, Sandia National Laboratory, Rept. SAND82-2355, 467 (1982).

5. Britten, J.A., W.B. Krantz, and R.D. Gunn, “Modeling Studies of Reverse Combustion Linking at High Pressure,” Proceedings of the Eighth Underground Coal Conversion Symposium, Sandia National Laboratory, Rept. SAND82-2355, 515 (1982).

6. Tidball, R.K., W.B. Krantz, and R.D. Gunn, “Mathematical Modeling of Electrolinking,” 1983 International Gas Research Conference Proceedings, L.H. Hirsch, (ed.), Government Institutes, Inc., Rockville, MD, 1174 pages (1983), pp. 522-530.

7. Krantz, W.B. and R.D. Gunn, “Mathematical Modeling Studies of In Situ Coal Gasification,” 1983 International Gas Research Conference Proceedings, L. H. Hirsch, (ed.), Government Institutes, Inc., Rockville, MD, 1174 pages (1983), pp. 531-538.

8. Gunn, R.D. and W.B. Krantz, “Reverse Combustion Instabilities in Tar Sands and Coal,” Paper 6735, presented at SPE-AIME 52nd Annual Fall Meeting, Denver, October 9-12, 1977.

9. Krantz, W.B., M. Keyashian, R.L. Zollars, and R.D. Gunn, “Stability of Forward and Reverse Wet Combustion Fronts in Porous Media,” Paper 7523, presented at SPE-AIME 53rd Annual Fall Meeting, Houston, Texas, October 1-4, 1978.

10. Krantz, W.B., “Improved Oil Recovery,” NSF Annual Report, 1977, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, Stock Number 038-000-00374-7, 145 pages, (1978) pp. 19-20.

11. Krantz, W.B., D.W. Camp, and R.D. Gunn, “A Water-Influx Model for UCG,” Proceedings of the Sixth Underground Coal Conversion Symposium, Laramie Energy Technology Center, Rept. Conf-800716, III-21, (1980).

12. Gunn, R.D., G.J. Bell, T.C. Bartke, D.W. Camp, and W.B. Krantz, “A Technical Analysis of the Hanna III Field Test Data,” Proceedings of the Sixth Underground Coal Conversion Symposium, Laramie Energy Technology Center, Rept. Conf-800716, VIII-6 (1980).

13. Camp, D.W., W.B. Krantz, and R.D. Gunn, “A Water-Influx Model for UCG with Spalling-Enhanced Drying,” Proceedings of the 15th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, Seattle, Washington, August 18-22, 1980, p. 1304.

14. Gunn, R.D. and W.B. Krantz, “Reverse Combustion Instabilities in Tar Sands and Coal,” Society of Petroleum Engineers Journal, 20, 267 (1980).

15. Krantz, W.B. and R.D. Gunn, “An Overview of Underground Coal Gasification - A Comparison of Modeling Studies with Field Test Data,” Proceedings of  the 64th Canadian Chemical Conference, Halifax, Nova Scotia, May 31-June 3, 1981, pp. 468-475.

16. Krantz, W.B. and R.D. Gunn, “Use of Stability Theory in Interpreting UCG Field Test Data,” In Situ, 5(3), 199-219 (1981).

17. Krantz, W.B. and R.D. Gunn, “Underground Coal Gasification: The State of the Art,” in Underground Coal Gasification:  The State of the Art, A.I.Ch.E. Symposium Series, No. 226, Vol. 79, 1 (1983).

18. Krantz, W.B. and R.D. Gunn, “Modeling the Underground Coal Gasification Process:  Part I - Reverse Combustion,” in Underground Coal Gasification:  The State of the Art, A.I.Ch.E. Symposium Series, No. 226, Vol. 79, 89 (1983).

19. Krantz, W.B. and R.D. Gunn, “Modeling the Underground Coal Gasification Process:  Part II - Water Influx,” in Underground Coal Gasification:  The State of the Art, A.I.Ch.E. Symposium Series, No. 226, Vol. 79, 121 (1983).

20. Krantz, W.B. and R.D. Gunn, “Modeling the Underground Coal Gasification Process: Part III - Subsidence,” in Underground Coal Gasification:  The State of the Art, A.I.Ch.E. Symposium Series, No. 226, Vol. 79, 129 (1983).

21. Britten, J.A. and W.B. Krantz, “Linear Stability of a Planar Combustion Front Propagating Through a Porous Medium Against a Forced Oxidant Flux,” Chemical Instabilities, G. Nicolis and F. Baras (eds.), D. Reidel Publishing Co., Dordrecht, Holland, 420 pages (1983), pp. 117-135.

22. Krantz, W.B., R.K. Tidball, B. Dautresme, and R.D. Gunn, “A Process Model for the Initial Stages of Electrolinking,” Proceedings of the Ninth Underground Coal Gasification Symposium, Morgantown Energy Technology Center Rept. DOE/METC/84-7, 405 (1983).

23. Glaser, R.R., R.D. Gunn, W.B. Krantz, K.P. Breidung, and H. Gudenau, “Unexpected Aspects of Reverse Combustion - Effects of Pressure, Volatility, and Chemical Reactivity,” Proceedings of the Ninth Underground Coal Gasification Symposium, Morgantown Energy Technology Center Rept. DOE/METC/84-7, 219 (1983).

24. Gunn, R.D., A.C. Bumb, and W.B. Krantz, “Stability Theory of Reverse Combustion in Coal Beds:  I. Effects of Spherical Geometry,” in Heat Transfer - Niagara Falls 1984, A.I.Ch.E. Symposium Series, No. 236, Vol. 80, 35 (1984).

25. Dautresme, B., W.B. Krantz, J.F. Fuller, and R.D. Gunn, “Modeling and Experimental Studies of Electrolinking,” Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Underground Coal Gasification Symposium, Morgantown Energy Technology Center Rept. DOE/METC-85/5, 369 (1985).

26. Britten, J.A., W.B. Krantz, W. Visser, and R.D. Gunn, “Theoretical and Experimental Studies of Reverse Combustion,” Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Underground Coal Gasification Symposium, Morgantown Energy Technology Center Rept. DOE/METC-85/5, 359 (1985).

27. Tantekin, S.B., W.B. Krantz, and R.D. Gunn, “Use of Post-Burn Coring Data from the Hanna III Field Test to Infer the Spalling Characteristics, Water Influx and Heat Losses,” Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Underground Coal Gasification Symposium, Morgantown Energy Technology Center Rept. DOE/METC-85/5, 479 (1985).

28. Britten, J.A. and W.B. Krantz, “Linear Stability of Planar Reverse Combustion in Porous Media,” Combustion and Flame, 60, 125 (1985).

29. Visser, W., W.B. Krantz, J.A. Britten, and R.D. Gunn, “Experiments in Reverse Combustion,” Proceedings of the Eleventh Underground Coal Gasification Symposium, Morgantown Energy Technology Center Rept. DOE/METC-85/6028, 340 (1985).

30. Britten, J.A. and W.B. Krantz, “Asymptotic Structure of Planar Nonadiabatic Reverse Combustion Fronts in Porous Media,” Combustion and Flame, 65, 151 (1986).

31. Dindi, H., W.B. Krantz, and J.F. Fuller, “Modeling and Laboratory Studies of Electrolinking,” Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual Underground Coal Gasification Symposium, U.S. Dept. of Energy Rept. DOE/FE/60922-H1, 196 (1986).

32. Tantekin, S.B. and W.B. Krantz, “Laboratory Characterization of Overburden Spalling Properties in Underground Coal Gasification,” Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual Underground Coal Gasification Symposium, U.S. Dept. of Energy Rept. DOE/FE/60922-H1, 315 (1986).

33. Gunn, R.D. and W.B. Krantz, “Theoretical and Experimental Investigations of Underground Coal Gasification,” U.S. Dept. of Energy Rept. DOE/LC/10887-2153, 98 pages, (1986).

34. Dindi, H. and W.B. Krantz, “Modeling Studies of Electrolinking for Underground Gasification of Coal,” Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Underground Coal Gasification Symposium, U.S. Dept. of Energy Rept. DOE/METC-88/6095, 110-119 (1987).

35. Dindi, H., X.-H. Bai, and W.B. Krantz, “Thermal and Electrical Property Measurements of an Illinois Basin Bituminous Coal,” Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Underground Coal Gasification Symposium, U.S. Dept. of Energy Rept. DOE/METC-88/6095, 190-201, (1987).

36. Dobbs II, R.L. and W.B. Krantz, “Optimizing Reverse Combustion Linking with Promoters and Inhibitors,” Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Underground Coal Gasification Symposium, U.S. Dept. of Energy Rept. DOE/METC-88/6095, 202-210 (1987).

37. Tantekin, S.B., W.B. Krantz, and D.P. Sperry, “Characterization of the Overburden Spalling Properties for the Rocky Mountain I UCG Field Test Site,” Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Underground Coal Gasification Symposium, U.S. Dept. of Energy Rept. DOE/METC-88/6095, 408-416, (1987).

38. Gunn, R.D. and W.B. Krantz, “Underground Coal Gasification:  Development of Theory, Laboratory Experimentation, Interpretation, & Correlation with the Hanna Field Tests,” U.S. Dept. of Energy Rept. DOE/LC/10442-2545, 128 pages (1987).

39. Tantekin, S.B., D.P. Sperry, W.B. Krantz and J.A. Britten, “Laboratory Characterization of the Spalling Properties of the Rock Cores from the UCG Test Site Near Porto Alegre in Brazil,” Lawrence Livermore Laboratory Rept. UCID-21339, 12 pages (1988).

40. Camp, D.W., S.B. Tantekin, and W.B. Krantz, “Darcy Flow to a Vertical Fracture Intersecting a Cylindrical Cavity - Application to Water Permeation in UCG,” In Situ, 12(1 & 2), 15-40 (1988).

41. Dindi, H. and W.B. Krantz, “Modeling and Laboratory Studies of Electrolinking,” U.S. Dept. of Energy Rept. DOE/MC/21082-2597, 122 pages (1988).

42. Dindi, H., G.J. McCarthy, R.J. Stevenson, and W.B. Krantz, “Laboratory Characterization of Overburden Cores from Rocky Mountain 1 UCG Test Site,” Proceedings of the Fourteenth Annual Underground Coal Gasification Symposium, U.S. Dept. of Energy Rept. DOE/METC-88/6097, 51-59 (1988).

43. Dobbs, R.L. and W.B. Krantz, “A Transient Model of Reverse Combustion Channel Propagation,” Proceedings of the Fourteenth Annual Underground Coal Gasification Symposium, U.S. Dept. of Energy Rept. DOE/METC-88/6097, 102-106 (1988).

44. Dindi, H., X.-H. Bai, and W.B. Krantz, “Thermal and Electrical Property Measurements for Coal,” Fuel, 68, 185-192 (1989).

45. Dindi, H., J.A. Britten, and W.B. Krantz, “Combustion and Dielectric Breakdown Front Instabilities in Porous Media,” Earth-Science Reviews, 29(1-4), 401-417 (1990).

46. Dobbs, R.L. II and W.B. Krantz, “Combustion Front Propagation in Underground Coal Gasification,” U.S. Dept. of Energy Rept. DOE/PC90512-2942, 390 pages (1990).

Geophysics and Global Climate Change:

1. Ray, R.J., W.B. Krantz, T.N. Caine, and R.D. Gunn, “A Model for Sorted Patterned Ground Regularity,” J. of Glaciology, 29, No. 102, 317 (1983).

2. Ray, R.J., W.B. Krantz, T.N. Caine, and R.D. Gunn, “A Mathematical Model for Patterned Ground:  Sorted Polygons and Stripes, and Underwater Polygons,” Permafrost-Fourth International Conference Proceedings, T. L. Pewe and J. Brown, (eds.), National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 1524 pages (1983), pp. 1036-1041.

3. Krantz, W.B., T.N. Caine, and R.D. Gunn, “Patterned Ground - A Geophysical Curiosity of the High Country,” University of Colorado Chapter of the Society of Sigma Xi Research Newsletter, 1, No. 1, 17 (1984).

4. Gleason, K.J., W.B. Krantz, T.N. Caine, J.H. George, and R.D. Gunn, “Geometrical Aspects of Sorted Patterned Ground in Recurrently Frozen Soils” Science, 232, 216-220 (1986).

5. Gleason, K.J., W.B. Krantz and T.N. Caine, “Parametric Effects in the Filtration Free Convection Model for Patterned Ground,” Permafrost-Fifth International Conference Proceedings Volume, K. Senneset (ed.), Tapir Publishers, Trondheim, Norway, (1988), pp. 349-354.

6. Krantz, W.B., K.J. Gleason, and N. Caine, “Patterned Ground,” Scientific American, 259(6), 68-76 (1988).

7. Krantz, W., K. Gleason, and N. Caine, “Les sols polygonaux,” (in French), Pour La Science, No. 136, 18-24, February (1989).

8. Krantz, W.B., K.J. Gleason, and N. Caine, “Frostmusterböden,” (in German), Spektrum der Wissenschaft, 62-68, February (1989).

9. Krantz, W.B., K.J. Gleason, and N. Caine, “Patterned Ground,” (in Japanese), Scientific American - Japanese edition, 26-34, February (1989).

10. Krantz, W.B., K J. Gleason, and N. Caine, “Terrenos configurados,” (in Spanish), Investigacion Y Ciencia, 40-47, February (1989).

11. Krantz, W.B., K.J. Gleason, and N. Caine, “Fagymintás talaj,” (in Hungarian), Tudomány, 36-41, February (1989).

12. Krantz, W.B., K.J. Gleason, and N. Caine, “Suoli poligonali,” (in Italian), Le Scienze, No. 246, 46-52, February (1989).

13. Krantz, W.B., K.J. Gleason, and N. Caine, “Patterned Ground,” (in Russian), Scientific American - Russian edition, 32-39, February (1989).

14. Krantz, W.B., K.J. Gleason, and N. Caine, “Patterned Ground,” (in Arabic), Scientific American - Arabic edition, 56-63, February (1989).

15. Baum, B.A., W.B. Krantz, J H. Fink, and R.E. Dickinson, “Taylor Instability in Rhyolite Lava Flows, Journal of Geophysical Research, 94(B5), 5815-5828 (1989).

16. Krantz, W.B., “Self Organization Manifest as Patterned Ground in Recurrently Frozen Soils,” Earth-Science Reviews, 29(1-4), 117-130 (1990).

17. Lewis, G.C., W.B. Krantz, and N. Caine, “A Model for the Initiation of Patterned Ground Owing to Differential Secondary Frost Heave,” Permafrost-Sixth International Conference Proceedings, G. Cheng (ed..), 2, South China University of Technology Press, Wushan Guangzhou, 1044-1049 (1993).

18. Fowler, A.C., C.G. Noon, and W.B. Krantz, “A Computationally Feasible Reduction of the O’Neill-Miller Model of Secondary Frost Heave,” Permafrost-Sixth International Conference Proceedings, G. Cheng (ed.), 2, South China University of Technology Press, Wushan Guangzhou, 1100-1104 (1993).

19. Walker, D.A., B.E. Lewis, W.B. Krantz, E.T. Price, and R.D. Tabler, “Hierarchic Studies of Snow-Ecosystem Interactions - A 100-Year Snow-Alteration Experiment,” 61st Western Snow Conference Proceedings, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, 407-414 (1993).

20. Fowler, A.C. and W.B. Krantz, Generalized Secondary Frost Heave Model, SIAM J. Appl. Math., 54(6), 1650-1675 (1994).

21. Krantz, W.B. and K.E. Adams, “Application of a Fully Predictive Model for Secondary Frost Heave,” Arctic and Alpine Research, 28(3), 284-293 (1996).

22. Peterson, R.A. and W.B. Krantz, “A Linear Stability Analysis for the Inception of Differential Frost Heave,” Permafrost-Seventh International Conference Proceedings, M. Allard (ed.), University of Laval, Toronto, Canada, 883-890 (1998).

23. Peterson, R.A., D.A. Walker, V.R. Romanovsky, J.A. Knudsen, M.K. Raynolds, and W.B. Krantz, “A Differential Frost Heave Model:  Cryoturbation-Vegetation Interactions,” Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Permafrost, M. Phillips, S.M. Springman, and L.U. Arenson (eds.), A.A. Balkema Publishers Lisse / Abingdon / Exton (PA) / Tokyo, 885-890 (2003).

24. Peterson, R.A. and W.B. Krantz, “A Mechanism for Differential Frost Heave and its Implications for Patterned Ground Formation,” J. Glaciology, 49(164), 69-80 (2003).

25. Walker, D.A., H.E. Epstein, W.A. Gould, A.N. Kade, A.M. Kelley, J.A. Knudson, W.B. Krantz, G. Michaelson, R.A. Peterson, C.-L. Ping, M.A. Raynolds, V.E. Romanovsky, and Y. Shur, “Frost-Boil Ecosystems: Complex Interactions between Landforms, Soils, Vegetation and Climate,” Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 15, 171-188 (2004).

26. Peterson, R.A. and W.B. Krantz, “Differential Frost Heave Model for Patterned Ground Formation: Corroboration with Observations along a North American Arctic Transect,” Journal of Geophysical Research-Biogeosciences, 113(G3), G03S04, (2008).

27. Walker, D.A., H.E. Epstein, V.E. Romanovsky, C.L. Ping., G.J. Michaelson, R.P. Daanen, Y. Shur, R.A. Peterson, W.B. Krantz, M.K. Raynolds, W.A. Gould, G. Gonzalez, D.J. Nickolsky, C.M. Vonlanthen, A.N. Kade, P. Kuss, A.M. Kelley, C.A. Munger, C.T. Tarnocai, N.V. Matveyeva, and F.J.A. Daniëls “Arctic Patterned-Ground Ecosystems:  A Synthesis of Field Studies and Models along a North American Arctic Transect,” Journal of Geophysical Research-Biogeosciences, 113(G3), G03S01, (2008).

Membrane Science and Technology:

1. Krantz, W.B., “Track-Etched Membrane Research,” NSF Engineering Program Report, 2, 20 (1978).

2. Ray, R.J., W.B. Krantz, and R.L. Sani, “Linear Stability Theory Model for Finger Formation in Asymmetric Membranes,” J. Membrane Sci., 23, 155 (1985).

3. Krantz, W.B., R.J. Ray, R.L. Sani, and K.J. Gleason, “Theoretical Study of the Transport Processes Occurring During the Evaporation Step in Asymmetric Membrane Casting,” J. Membrane Sci., 29, 11 (1986).

4. Nerad, B.A., K.J. Gleason, W.B. Krantz and R.J. Ray “Application of the Gradient-Driven Instability Mechanism to Asymmetric Polymeric Membrane Morphology,” in Thin Liquid Film Phenomena, A.I.Ch.E. Symposium Series, No. 252, Vol. 82, 167-178 (1986).

5. Krantz, W.B., S.W. McFarland, M.D. Wray, and A.R. Greenberg, “Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Polymeric Membrane Morphology,” Proceedings of the Industry-University Advanced Materials Conference, J. G. Morse (ed.), The Metallurgical Society, Inc., 119-121 (1987).

6. Greenberg, A.R., K.J. Gleason, M.D. Wray and W.B. Krantz, “Influence of Processing on the Morphology of Cellulose Acetate Thin Films,” Polymer Preprints, 29, 579-580 (1988).

7. Gleason, K.J., A.R. Greenberg, M.D. Wray and W.B. Krantz, “Thermal Behavior of Secondary (CA) and Tertiary (CTA) Cellulose Acetates,” Proceedings of the 17th N. Amer. Thermal Analysis Soc. Conf., 809-814 (1988).

8. Tantekin, S.B., W.B. Krantz, and A.R. Greenberg, “Theoretical and Experimental Aspects of the Evaporation Step in the Preparation of Solvent-Cast Asymmetric Polymeric Membranes,” Proceedings of the Industry-University Advanced Materials Conference, F. W. Smith (ed.), Advanced Materials Institute, Golden, CO, 357-364 (1989).

9. Gleason, K.J., A.R. Greenberg, and W.B. Krantz, “Study of Polymeric Membrane Materials by Combined DSC, SAED, and XRD Methods,” Proceedings of the Industry-University Advanced Materials Conference, F. W. Smith (ed.), Advanced Materials Institute, Golden, CO, 679-686 (1989).

10. Shojaie, S.S., A.R. Greenberg, and W.B. Krantz, “Influence of Electric Fields on Interfacial Stability During Polymeric Membrane Formation,” Proceedings of the Industry-University Advanced Materials Conference, F. W. Smith (ed.), Advanced Materials Institute, Golden, CO, 687-693 (1989).

11. Tantekin, S.B., W.B. Krantz, and A.R. Greenberg, “The Dynamics of Evaporation in Polymer/Solvent Films - Importance in Asymmetric Polymeric Membrane Formation,” Polymer Preprints, 30, 36-37 (1989).

12. Shojaie, S.S., A.R. Greenberg, and W.B. Krantz, “Influence of Electric Fields on Large Scale Structures in Non-Solvent Precipitated Polymeric Membranes,” Polymer Preprints, 31, 382-383 (1990).

13. Shojaie, S.S., W.B. Krantz, and A.R. Greenberg, “Development and Validation of a Model for the Formation of Evaporatively Cast Polymeric Films,” J. Materials Proc. & Manufacturing Sci., 1, 181-194 (1992).

14. Shojaie, S.S., A.R. Greenberg, and W.B. Krantz, “Modeling and Experimental Studies of the Formation of Evaporatively Cast Dense Polymeric Films,” Proceedings of the International Conference on Transport Phenomena in Processing, S. I. Guceri (ed.), Technomic Pub. Co. Inc., Lancaster - Basel, 1469-1479 (1992).

15. Shojaie, S.S., A.R. Greenberg, and W.B. Krantz, “Use of an Electric Field to Alter Membrane Morphology in a Polysulfone-Polyvinylpyrrolidone Blend,” J. of Membrane Science, 79, 115-122 (1993).

16. Paulsen, F.G., S.S. Shojaie, and W.B. Krantz, “Effect of Evaporation Step on Macrovoid Formation in Wet-Cast Polymeric Membranes,” J. Membrane Sci., 91, 265-282 (1994).

17. Chai, G.-Y. and W.B. Krantz, “Formation and Characterization of Polyamide Membranes via Interfacial Polymerization,” J. Membrane Sci., 93, 175-192 (1994).

18. Shojaie, S.S., W.B. Krantz, and A.R. Greenberg, “Dense Polymer Film and Membrane Formation via the Dry-Cast Process:  Part I. Model Development,” J. Membrane Sci., 94, 255-280 (1994).

19. Shojaie, S.S., W.B. Krantz, and A.R. Greenberg, “Dense Polymer Film and Membrane Formation via the Dry-Cast Process:  Part II. Model Validation and Morphological Studies,” J. Membrane Sci., 94, 281-298 (1994).

20. Bond, L.J., A.R. Greenberg, A.P. Mairal, G. Loest, J.H. Brewster, and W.B. Krantz, “Real-Time Nondestructive Characterization of Membrane Compaction and Fouling,” Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, D.O. Thompson and D.E. Chimenti (eds.), 14, Plenum Press, New York, 1167-1173 (1995).

21. Greenberg, A.R., V.P. Khare, and W.B. Krantz, “Development of a Technique for the In Situ Measurement of the Mechanical Properties of Ultra-thin Interfacially Polymerized Films,” Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., 356, Materials Research Society, 541-546 (1995).

22. Konagurthu, S., W.B. Krantz, and P. Todd, “Use of Low-G to Test Alternative Hypotheses for Macrovoid Growth in Polymeric Membranes,” Proceedings of the EuroMembrane ’95, W. R. Bowen, R. W. Field and J. A. Howell (eds..), 1, European Society for Membrane Science and Technology, C4 (1995).

23. Greenberg, A.R., S.S. Shojaie, W.B. Krantz, and S.B. Tantekin-Ersolmaz, “Use of Infrared Thermography for Temperature Measurement During Evaporative Casting of Thin Polymeric Films,” J. Membrane Science, 107, 249-261 (1995).

24. Tan, L., W.B. Krantz, A.R. Greenberg, and R.L. Sani, “Studies of Convective Transport in Evaporative Casting of Dense Polymer Films,” J. Membrane Science, 108, 245-255 (1995).

25. Konagurthu, S., R. Peterson, L.J. Bond, A.R. Greenberg, W.B. Krantz, D. Kishoni, D. Kuhns, L. Burgess, and A.M. Brodsky, “Development of an Acoustic Technique for Assessing Structure-Property Characteristics of Polymeric Thin Films Under High Pressure,” 1996 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, ISSN 1051-0117, vol. 1, 413-417 (1996).

26. Krantz, W.B., R.R. Bilodeau, M.E. Voorhees and R.J. Elgas, “Use of Axial Membrane Vibrations to Enhance Mass Transfer in a Hollow Tube Oxygenator,” J. Membrane Science, 124, 283-299 (1997).

27. Kools, W.F.C., S. Konagurthu, A.R. Greenberg, L.J. Bond, W.B. Krantz, T. van den Boomgaard, and H. Strathmann, “Use of Ultrasonic Time-Domain Reflectometry for Real-Time Measurement of Thickness Changes During Evaporative Casting of Polymeric Films,” J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 69, 2013-2019 (1998).

28. Peterson R.A., A.R. Greenberg, L.J. Bond, and W.B. Krantz, “Use of Ultrasonic TDR for Real-time Noninvasive Measurement of Compressive Strain During Membrane Compaction,” Desalination, 116, 115-122 (1998).

29. Konagurthu S., M.R. Pekny, P. Todd, A.R. Greenberg, and W.B. Krantz, “Influence of Solutocapillary Convection on Macrovoid Defect Formation in Polymeric Membranes, Proceedings of the 1998 NASA Microgravity Materials Science Conference, Huntsville, Alabama, NASA/CP-1999-209092, February 1999.

30. Mairal, A.P., A.R. Greenberg, W.B. Krantz, and L.J. Bond, “Real-Time Measurement of Inorganic Membrane Fouling in RO Desalination Using Ultrasonic Time-Domain Reflectometry,” J. Membrane Science, 159, 185-196 (1999).

31. Mairal, A.P., A.R. Greenberg, and W.B. Krantz, “Investigation of Membrane Fouling and Cleaning Using Ultrasonic Time-Domain Reflectometry,” Desalination, 130 (1), 45-60 (2000).

32. Li, D., W.B. Krantz, R.L. Sani, and A.R. Greenberg, "Modeling Study of the Thermally Induced Phase Separation (TIPS) Membrane Formation Process," Proceedings of the 3rd Joint China-USA Chemical Engineering Conference, 1(4), 209-212, 2000.

33. Pekny, M.R., J. Zartman, A.R. Greenberg, W.B. Krantz, and P. Todd, "Influence of Buoyancy and Surfactant Solutes on Macrovoid Defect Formation in Dry-Cast Cellulose Acetate Membranes," ACS Polymer Preprints, 41, 1060-61, 2000.

34. Zartman, J., V. Khare, M.R. Pekny, A.R. Greenberg, P. Todd, and W.B. Krantz, “Solutocapillary-Convection-Driven Macrovoid Defect Formation in Polymeric Membranes,” Proceedings of the 39th Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit, January 8-11, 2000, Reno, Nevada, AIAA-2001-0461, 1-9 (2001).

35. Pekny, M.R., J. Zartman, A.R. Greenberg, P. Todd and W.B. Krantz, "Influence of Solutocapillary Convection on Macrovoid Defect Formation in Polymeric Membranes, Proceedings of the 2000 NASA Microgravity Materials Science Conference, (N. Ramachandran, N. Bennett, D. McCauley, K. Murphy and S. Poindexter (eds.), Huntsville, Alabama, NASA/CP-2001-210827 (2001). 

36. Todd, P., M.R. Pekny, J. Zartman, W.B. Krantz and A.R. Greenberg,, "Instrumentation for Studying Polymer Film Formation in Low Gravity," Polymer Research in Microgravity, J.P. Downey and J.A. Pojman (eds.), ACS Symposium Series 793, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 126-137 (2001).

37. Khare, V., A.R. Greenberg, W.B. Krantz, H. Lee, P. Todd and S. Dunn, “Polymer Thin Film Formation on Low-Gravity Aircraft and On ISS,” AIAA Paper 2001-5024, Proceedings of the Conference & Exhibit on International Space Station Utilization – 2001, Cape Canaveral, Florida, October 2001.

38. Krantz, W.B., J. Zartman, V. Khare, A.R. Greenberg and P. Todd, “Observation of Solutocapillary Flow During Polymer Membrane Casting,” AIAA Paper 2001-5022, Proceedings of the Conference & Exhibit on International Space Station Utilization – 2001, Cape Canaveral, Florida, October 2001.

39. Chai, G.-Y., W.B. Krantz, and A.R. Greenberg, “Measurement of Membrane Fouling in Spiral-Wound Modules,” Proceedings of the 6th World Congress of Chemical Engineering, September 23-27, 2001, Melbourne, Australia (available on CD ROM).

40. Aerts, P., A.R. Greenberg, R. Leysen, W.B. Krantz, V.E. Reinsch and P.A. Jacobs, “The Influence of Filler Concentration on the Compaction and Filtration Properties of Zirfon Composite Ultrafiltration Membranes,” Separation and Purification Technology, 22-23, 663-669 (2001).

41. Todd, P., J.C. Vellinger, S. Sengupta, M.G. Sportiello, A.R. Greenberg, and W.B. Krantz, “Sliding-Cavity Fluid Contactors in Low-Gravity Fluids, Materials and Biotechnology Research,” Proceedings of the Microgravity Transport Processes in Fluid, Thermal, Biological and Materials Sciences II, Sept. 30-Oct. 5, 2001, Banff, Alberta, Canada,  Proceeding MTP-01-71, 1-6 (2001).

42. Krantz, W.B., J. Zartman, V. Khare, A.R. Greenberg and P. Todd,  “Observation of Solutocapillary Flow During Polymer Membrane Casting,” Proceedings of the International Space Station Utilization Conference, October 15-18, 2001, Kennedy Space Center, Florida, AIAA 2001-5022 (10 pages).

43. Pekny, M.R., A.R. Greenberg, V. Khare, J. Zartman, W.B. Krantz, and P. Todd, “Macrovoid Pore Formation in Dry-Cast Cellulose Acetate Membranes: Buoyancy Studies,” J. Membrane Science, 205, 11-21 (2002).

44. Khare, V.P., A.R. Greenberg, J. Zartman, W.B. Krantz and P. Todd, “Macrovoid Growth During Polymer Membrane Casting,” Desalination, 145, 17-23 (2002).

45. Kelley, S.S., A.R. Greenberg, J. Filley, R. Peterson, and W.B. Krantz, "Chemical Modification of Cellulose Acetate with Titanium Isopropoxide", International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization, 7, 162-180 (2002).

46. Greenberg, A.R., V.P. Khare, J. Zartman, W.B. Krantz and P. Todd, “Macrovoid Defect Growth During Evaporative Casting of Polymeric Membranes,” Proceedings of the NASA Microgravity Materials Science Conference, Huntsville, Alabama, June 2002.

47. Ramaswamy, S., A.R. Greenberg and W.B. Krantz, “Fabrication of Poly (ECTFE) Membranes via Thermally Induced Phase Separation,” J. Membrane Science, 210, 175-180 (2002).

48. Pekny, M.R., J. Zartman, W.B. Krantz, A.R. Greenberg and P. Todd, “Flow Visualization During Macrovoid Pore Formation in Dry-Cast Cellulose Acetate Membranes,” J. Membrane Science, 71-90, 211 (2003).

49. Greenberg, A.R. and W.B. Krantz, “UTDR-Based Sensors for Real-Time Quantification of Membrane Module Fouling and Cleaning,” Fluid/Particle Separation Journal, 15(1) 43-49 (2003).

50. Zhang, Zh.-X., A.R. Greenberg, W.B. Krantz and G.-Y. Chai, “Study of Membrane Fouling and Cleaning in Spiral Wound Modules Using Ultrasonic Time-Domain Reflectometry,” in New Insights into Membrane Science and Technology: Polymeric, Inorganic and Biofunctional Membranes, A.A. Butterfield and D. Bhattacharyya (eds.), Elsevier, Amsterdam, 65-88 (2003).

51. Khare, V., A.R. Greenberg and W.B. Krantz, “Development of Pendant Drop Mechanical Analysis (PDMA) as a Technique for Determining the Stress Relaxation and Water Permeation Properties of Interfacially Polymerized Barrier Layers,” J. Applied Polymer Science, 90(10), 2618-2628 (2003).

52. Soice, N.P., A.C. Maladono, D.Y. Takigawa, A.D. Norman, W.B. Krantz and A.R. Greenberg, “Oxidative Degradation of Polyamide RO Membranes: Insights from Molecular Model Compounds and Membrane Studies,” J. Applied Polymer Science, 90(5), 1173-1184 (2003).

53. Chai, G.-Y., A.R. Greenberg and W.B. Krantz, “Study of Using In-Situ Ultrasonic Measurement Technique in Membrane Separation,” Journal of Membrane Science and Technology (China), 23(4) 135-141 (2003).

54. Khare, V.P., A.R. Greenberg, and W.B. Krantz, “Investigation of the Viscoelastic and Transport Properties of Interfacially Polymerized Barrier Layers Using Pendant Drop Mechanical Analysis,” J. Applied Polymer Science, 94, 558-568 (2004).

55. Hellman, D.J., A.R. Greenberg and W.B. Krantz, “A Novel Process for Membrane Fabrication:  Thermally –Assisted Evaporative Phase Separation,” J. Membrane Science, 230, 99-109 (2004).

56. Soice, N.P., A.R. Greenberg, W.B. Krantz, and A.D. Norman, “Studies of Oxidative Degradation in Polyamide RO Membrane Barrier Layers using Pendant Drop Mechanical Analysis,” J. Membrane Science, 243, 245-255 (2004).

57. Gabelman, A., S.-T. Hwang, and W.B. Krantz, “Dense Gas Extraction using a Hollow Fiber Membrane Contactor:  Experimental Results vs. Model Predictions,” J. Membrane Science, 257, 11-36 (2005).

58. Khare, V.K., A.R. Greenberg, and W.B. Krantz, “Vapor Induced Phase Separation - Effect of the Humid Air Exposure Step on Membrane Morphology: Part I.  Insights from Mathematical Modeling,” J. Membrane Science, 258, 140-156 (2005).

59. Jia, Y., R. Wang, A.G. Fane, and W.B. Krantz, “Effect of Air Bubbling on Atrazine Adsorption in Water by Powdered Activated Carbons - Competitive Adsorption of Impurities,” Separation and Purification Technology, 46(1-2), 79-87 (2005).

60. French, D.A., R. Flannery, S. Kleene, W.B. Krantz, and C. Groetsch, “Numerical Approximation of Solutions of a Nonlinear Inverse Problem arising in Olfaction Experimentation,” Mathematical and Computer Modeling, 43, 945-956 (2006).

61. Li, D., A.R. Greenberg, W.B. Krantz, and R.L. Sani, “Membrane Formation via Thermally Induced Phase Separation (TIPS): Model Development and Validation,” J. Membrane Science, 279, 50-60 (2006).

62. Lee, H., S.R. Chaudhuri, W.B. Krantz, and S.-T. Hwang, “A Model for Evaporative Casting of Polymeric Membranes Incorporating Convection due to Density Changes,” J. Membrane Science, 284, 161-172 (2006).

63. Gupta, V.K., Hwang, S.-T., W.B. Krantz and A.R. Greenberg, “Characterization of Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membrane Performance for Aqueous Salt Solutions using Irreversible Thermodynamics,” Desalination, 208, 1-18 (2007).

64. Chai, G.-Y., A.R. Greenberg, and W.B. Krantz, “Ultrasound, Gravimetric, and SEM Studies of Inorganic Fouling in Spiral-Wound Membrane Modules,” Desalination, 208, 277-293 (2007).

65. Anim-Mensah, A.R., J.E. Franklin, J.E., L.A. Salazar, D.B. Mast, J.E. Mark, S. J. Clarson, and W. B. Krantz, “Use of Ultrasound to Determine Selected Mechanical Properties of Silicone Films,” chapter in Science and Technology of Silicone and Silicone-Modified Materials, #964 ACS Symposium Series, by S.J. Clarson, J.J. Fitzgerald, M.J. Owen, S.S. Smith, and M.E. Van Dyke (eds.), Oxford University Press, UK, 203-219 (2007)

66. Anim-Mensah, A.R., J.E. Mark, and W.B. Krantz, “Use of Solubility Parameters for Predicting the Separation Characteristics of Poly(dimethyl-siloxane) and Siloxane-Containing Membranes,” Chapter 14 in Science and Technology of Silicone and Silicone-Modified Materials, ACS Symposium Series #964, by S.J. Clarson, J.J. Fitzgerald, M.J. Owen, S.D. Smith, and M.E. Van Dyke (eds.), Oxford University Press, UK (2007).

67. N. Widjojo, T.S. Chung, and W.B. Krantz “A Morphological and Structural Study of Ultem/P84 Copolyimide Dual-Layer Hollow Fiber Membranes with Delamination-Free Morphology” Journal of Membrane Science, 294, 132-146 (2007).

68. Li, Yi, W.B. Krantz, and T.-S. Chung, “A Novel Primer to prevent Nanoparticle Agglomeration in Mixed Matrix Membranes,” A.I.Ch.E. Journal, 53(9), 2470-2475 (2007).

69. Bonyadi, S., T.-S. Chung, and W.B. Krantz, “Investigation of Corrugation Phenomenon in the Inner Contour of Hollow Fibers during Non-solvent Induced Phase Separation Process,” J. Membrane Science, 299(1-2), 200-210 (2007).

70. Cheng, J., L. Yi, T.-S. Chung, Chen, S.-B., and W.B. Krantz, “High-Performance Protein Separation by Ion Exchange Membrane Partitioned Free-Flow Isoelectric Focusing System,” Chem. Eng. Sci., 63, 2241-2251 (2008).

71. Anim-Mensah, A.R., W.B. Krantz, and R. Govind, “Studies on Polymeric Nanofiltration-Based Water-Softening and the Effect of Anion Properties on the Softening Process,” European Polymer Journal, 44(7), 2244-2252 (2008).

72. Krantz, W.B. and A.R. Greenberg, “Membrane Characterization by Ultrasonic Time-Domain Reflectometry,” chapter 33 in Advanced Membrane Technology and Applications,  N.N. Li, W.S. Winston Ho, A.G. Fane, and T. Matsuura (eds.),  John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York (2008).

73. Ray Chaudhuri, S., G.B. Kasting, and W.B. Krantz, “Percutaneous Absorption of Volatile Solvents Following Transient Liquid Phase Exposures I. Model Development,” Chem. Eng. Sci., 64, 1027-1035 (2009).

74. Ray Chaudhuri, S., R.M. Gajjar, G.B. Kasting, and W.B. Krantz, “Percutaneous Absorption of Volatile Solvents Following Transient Liquid Phase Exposures II. Ethanol,” Chem. Eng. Sci., 64, 1665-1672 (2009).

75. Ranganath, S.H., I. Kee, W.B. Krantz, P.K.H. Chow, and C.-H. Wang, “Hydrogel Matrix Entrapping PLGA-Paclitaxel Microspheres:  Drug Delivery with Near Zero-order Release and Implantability Advantages for Malignant Brain Tumor Chemotherapy,” Pharmaceutical Research, 26(9), 2101-2114 (2009).

76. Lee, H., W.B. Krantz, and S.-T. Hwang, “A Model for Wet-Casting Polymeric Membranes Incorporating Nonequilibrium Interfacial Dynamics, Vitrification and Convection,” J. Membrane Sci., 354, 74-85 (2010).

77. Krantz, W.B., A.R. Greenberg, and D.J. Hellman, “Dry-casting:  Computer Simulation, Sensitivity Analysis, Experimental and Phenomenological Model Studies,” J. Membrane Sci., 354, 178-188 (2010).

78. Roh, I., S. Ramaswamy, W.B. Krantz, and A.R. Greenberg, “Poly(ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene) Membrane Formation via Thermally Induced Phase Separation (TIPS), J. Membrane Science, 362, 211-220 (2010).

79. Ranganath, S.H., A.L. Tan, F. He, W.B. Krantz, and C-H. Wang, “Control and Enhancement of Permselectivity of Membrane-Based Microcapsules for Favorable Biomolecular Transport and Immunoisolation,” A.I.Ch.E. Journal, 57(11), 3052-3062 (2011).

80. K.D. Cobry, Z. Yuan, J. Gilron, V.M. Bright, W.B. Krantz, and A.R. Greenberg, “Comprehensive Experimental Studies of Early-Stage Membrane Scaling during Nanofiltration,” Desalination, 283, 40-51 (2011).

81. Krantz, W.B., C.S. Lin, P.C.Y. Sin, A. Yeo, and A.G. Fane, “An Integrity Sensor for Assessing the Performance of Low Pressure Membrane Modules in the Water Industry,” Desalination, 283, 117-122 (2011).

82. Krantz, W.B., H. Lee, S.R. Chaudhuri, and S.-T. Hwang, “Non-buoyancy Density-Driven Convective Mass and Heat Transfer:  Scaling Analysis and Solution Methodology,” A.I.Ch.E. Journal, 58(3), 678-689 (2012).

83. Sim, S.T.V. T.H. Chong, W.B. Krantz, and A.G. Fane, “Monitoring of Colloidal Fouling and its Associated Metastability using Ultrasonic Time Domain Reflectrometry,” J. Membrane Sci., 401-402, 241-253 (2012).

84. Loo, S.-L., A.G. Fane, W.B. Krantz, T.-T. Lim, X. Hu, “Emergency Water Supply:  A Review of Potential Technologies and Selection Criteria,” Water Research, 46, 3125-3151 (2012).

85. Rezvanpour, A., W.B. Krantz, and C.-H. Wang, “Scaling Analysis of the Electrohydrodynamic Atomization (ENDA) Process for Pharmaceutical Particle Fabrication,” Chemical Engineering Science, 80, 81-90 (2012).

86. Setiawan, L. S. Lei, W.B. Krantz, R. Wang, “Explorations of Delamination and Irregular Structure in Poly(amide-imide)-Polyethersulfone Dual Layer Hollow Fiber Membranes,” J. Membrane Sci., 423-424, 73-84 (2012).

87. Sim S.T.V., C. Jie, S.R.T.H. Chong, P.S.A. Yeo, W.B. Krantz, H.G.L. Coster and A.G. Fane, “Development of Novel Monitors for Early Detection of Fouling In Reverse-Osmosis Systems,” International Desalination Association (IDA) Journal, 4(3), 36-48 (2012).

88. Chai, G.Y., B. Cao, G.Y. Zhao, A.R. Greenberg and W.B. Krantz, Effects of Concentration Polarization, Temperature and Pressure on Ultrasound Detection of Inorganic Fouling and Cleaning in a Spiral-Wound Membrane Module,” Desalination and Water Treatment, 50(1-3), 411-422 (2012).

89. Loo, S.-L., W.B. Krantz, T.T. Lim, A.G. Fane and X. Hu, “Design and Synthesis of Ice-templated PSA Cryogels for Water Purification: Towards Tailored Morphology and Properties” Soft Matter, 9, 224-234 (2013).

90. Li, W., W.B. Krantz, E.R. Cornelissen, J.W. Post, A.R.D. Verliefde, C.Y. Tang, “A Novel Hybrid Process of Reverse Electrodialysis and Reverse Osmosis for Low Energy Seawater Desalination and Brine Management,” Applied Energy, 104 592-602 (2013).

91. Sim, S.T.V., S.R. Suwarno, T.H. Chong, W.B. Krantz and A.G. Fane, “Monitoring Membrane Biofouling via Ultrasonic Time-Domain Reflectometry Enhanced by Silica Dosing,” J. Membrane Sci., 428, 24-37 (2013).

92. Krantz, W.B., A.R. Greenberg, E. Kujundzic, A. Yeo, and S.S. Hosseini, “Evapoporometry:  A Novel Technique for Determining the Pore-Size Distribution of Membranes,” J. Membrane Sci., 438, 153-166 (2013).

93. Goh, S., Q. Zhang, J. Zhang, D. McDougald, W.B. Krantz , Y. Liu and A.G. Fane, “Impact of a biofouling layer on the vapor pressure driving force and performance of a membrane distillation process,” J. Membrane Sci.,  438, 140-152 (2013).

94. Sim, S.T.V., Q. She, T.H. Chong, C.Y. Tang , A.G. Fane and W.B. Krantz, “Strategic co-location in a hybrid process involving desalination and pressure retarded osmosis (PRO),”  Membranes, 3, 98-125 (2013).

95. Cai, Y.F., W.M. Shen, S.L. Loo, W.B. Krantz, R. Wang, A.G. Fane, X. Hu, “Towards temperature driven forward osmosis desalination using Semi-IPN hydrogels as reversible draw agents,” Water Research, 47(11), 3773-3781 (2013).

96. Loo, S.-L., A.G. Fane, T.T. Lim, W.B. Krantz, Y.-N. Liang, X. Lu and X. Hu, “Superabsorbent cryogels decorated with silver nanoparticles as a novel water technology for point-of-use disinfection,” Environmental Science and Technology, 47, 9363-9371 (2013).

97. Cai, Y., W. Shen, W.B. Krantz, R. Wang, A.G. Fane, X. Hu, “CO2 switchable dual responsive polymers as draw solutes for forward osmosis desalination,” Chem. Comm., 49(75) 8377-8379 (2013).

98. Taheri, A.H., S.T.V. Sim, L.N. Sim, T.H. Chong, W.B. Krantz and A.G. Fane, “Development of a new technique to predict reverse osmosis fouling,” J. Membrane Sci., 448, 12-22 (2013).

99. Chen, G., Y. Lu, W.B. Krantz, R. Wang, A.G. Fane, “Optimization of operating conditions for a continuous membrane distillation crystallization process with zero salty water discharge,” J. Membrane Sci., 450, 1-11 (2014).

100. Pirouzfar, V., M.R. Omidkhah, S.S. Hosseini, W.B. Krantz, A.Z. Moghaddam, “Enhancing the properties and gas separation performance of PBI-polyimides blend carbon molecular sieve membranes via optimization of the pyrolysis process,” Separation and Purification Technology, 122, 278-289 (2014).

101. Chew, J.-W., W.B. Krantz, A.G. Fane, “Effect of a Macromolecular- or Bio-fouling Layer on Membrane Distillation,” J. Membr. Sci., 456, 66-76 (2014).

102. Akondi, E., F. Wicaksana, W.B. Krantz, A.G. Fane, “Influence of dissolved air on the effectiveness of backwash and relaxation in submerged membrane systems,” J. Membr. Sci., 456, 77-84 (2014).

103. Zamani, F. F. Wicaksana, A.H. Taheri, A.W.K. Law , A.G. Fane, W.B. Krantz, “Generalized criterion for the onset of particle deposition in CFMF via DOTM – Modeling and Experimental Validation,” J. Membr. Sci., 457, 128-138 (2014).

104. Sim, S.T.V., A.H. Tahari, T.H. Chong, W.B. Krantz, A.G. Fane, “Colloidal metastability and membrane fouling – Effects of crossflow velocity, flux, salinity and colloid concentration,” J. Membr. Sci., 469, 174-187 (2014).

105. Akhondi, E., F. Wickasana, W.B. Krantz, A.G. Fane, “Evapoporometry determination of pore-size distribution and pore fouling of hollow fiber membranes,” J. Membrane Sci., 470, 334-345 (2014).

106. Chong, T.H., S.-L. Loo, W.B. Krantz, “Energy-efficient reverse osmosis desalination process,” J. Membr. Sci., 473, 177-188 (2015).

107. Zamani, F., J.W. Chew, E. Akhondi, W.B. Krantz, A.G. Fane, “Unsteady-state shear strategies to enhance mass transfer for the implementation of next-generation reverse osmosis membranes: a review,” Desalination, 356, 328-348 (2015).

108. Taheri, A.H., L.N. Sim, T.H. Chong, W.B. Krantz, A.G. Fane, “Prediction of reverse osmosis fouling using the feed fouling  monitor and salt tracer response technique,” J. Membr. Sci., 475, 433-444 (2015).

109. Loo, S.-L., T.-T. Lim, W.B. Krantz, A.G. Fane, X. Hu, “Potential evaluation and perspectives on using sponge-like superabsorbent cryogels for onsite water treatment in emergencies,” Desalination and Water Treatment, 53(6), 1506-1515 (2015).  

110. Loo S.-L., W.B. Krantz, A.G. Fane, Y. Gao, T.-T. Lim, X. Hu, “Bactericidal mechanisms revealed for rapid water disinfection by superabsorbent cryogels decorated with silver nanoparticles,” Environmental Science and Technology, 49, 2310-2318 (2015).

111. Chong, T.H., S.-L. Loo, A.G. Fane, W.B. Krantz, “Energy-efficient reverse osmosis desalination:  Effect of retentate recycle and effect of pump and energy-recovery device efficiencies,” Desalination, 366, 15-31 (2015).

112. Sim, S.T.V., W.B. Krantz, T.H. Chong, A.G. Fane, “Online monitor for the reverse osmosis spiral wound module – development of the canary cell,” Desalination, 368, 48-59 (2015).

113. Loo, S.-L., W.B. Krantz, A.G. Fane, X. Hu, T.-T. Lim, “Effect of synthesis routes on the properties and bactericidal activity of cryogels incorporated with silver nanoparticles,” Royal Society of Chemistry Advances, 5(55), 44626-44635 (2015).

114. Chong, T.H., S.-L. Loo, W.B. Krantz, Energy-efficient reverse osmosis, Proceedings of the International Desalination Association World Congress on Desalination and Water Reuse, San Diego, CA (2015).

115. Cai, Y., W. Shen, J. Wei, T.H. Chong, R. Wang, W.B. Krantz, A.G. Fane, X. Hu, “Energy-efficient desalination by forward osmosis using responsive ionic liquid draw solutes,” Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology, 1, 341–347 (2015).

116. Akhondi, E., F. Zamani, J.W. Chew, W.B. Krantz, A.G. Fane, “Improved design and protocol for evapoporometry determination of the pore-size distribution,” J. Membr. Sci., 496, 334-343 (2015).

117. Cai, Y., R. Wang., W.B. Krantz, A.G. Fane, M. Hu, “Exploration of using thermally responsive polyionic liquid hydrogels as draw agents in forward osmosis,” Royal Society of Chemistry Advances, 5, 97143-97150 (2015).

118. Loo, S.-L., W.B. Krantz, X. Hu, A.G. Fane, T.-T. Lim “Impact of solution chemistry on the properties and bactericidal activity of silver nanoparticles decorated on superabsorbent cryogels,” J. Colloid Interface Sci., 461, 101-113 (2016).

119. Tan, Y.Z., J.W. Chew, W.B. Krantz, “Effect of humic acid fouling on membrane distillation,” J. Membr. Sci., 504, 263-273 (2016).

120. Li, W., K.K. Chen, Y.-N. Wang, W.B. Krantz, A.G. Fane, C.Y. Tang, “A conceptual design of spacers with hairy structures for membrane processes,” J. Membr. Sci., 510, 314-325 (2016).

121. Winters, H., T.H. Chong, A.G. Fane, W.B. Krantz, M. Rzechowicz, N. Saeidi “The involvement of lectin-like humic substances in biofilm formation on RO membranes - is TEP important?” Desalination, 399, 61-68 (2016).

122. Akhondi, E., F. Zamani, J.W. Chew, A.W.K. Law, W.B. Krantz, A.G. Fane, “Influence of backwashing on the pore size of hollow fiber ultrafiltration membranes,” J. Membrane Sci., 521, 33-42 (2017).

123. Zamani, F., P. Jayaraman, E. Akhondi, W.B. Krantz, A.G. Fane, J.W. Chew, “Extending the uppermost pore diameter measureable via Evapoporometry,” J. Membr. Sci., 524, 637-643 (2017).

124. Zamani, F., P. Jayaraman, G.-H. Koops, W.B. Krantz, A.G. Fane, J.-W. Chew, “Evapoporometry adaptation to determine the lumen-side pore-size distribution (PSD) of hollow fiber and tubular membranes,” J. Membrane Sci., 526, 1-8 (2017).

125. Zamani, F., H.J. Tanudjaja, E. Akhondi, W.B. Krantz, Anthony G. Fane, J.W. Chew, “Flow-field mitigation of membrane fouling (FMMF) via manipulation of the convective flow in cross-flow membrane applications,” J. Membr. Sci., 526, 377–386 (2017).

126. Akhondi , E., F. Zamani  K.H. Tng., G. Leslie, W.B. Krantz, A.G. Fane  J.W. Chew, “The performance and fouling control of submerged hollow fiber (HF) systems: A review,” Appl. Sci., 7, 765-803 (2017).

127. She, Q., L. Zhang, W. Rong, W.B. Krantz, A.G. Fane, “Pressure-retarded osmosis with wastewater concentrate feed: fouling process considerations,” J. Membr. Sci., 542, 233-244 (2017).

128. Kürklü, S., S. Velioglu, M.G. Ahunbay, S.B. Tantekin-Ersolmaz, W.B. Krantz, “A novel energy-efficient concurrent desalination boron removal (CDBR) process,” Desalination, 423, 79-94 (2017).

129. Ahunbay, M.G., W.B. Krantz, S.G. Tantekin-Ersolmaz, “Energy optimization of a multistage reverse osmosis process for seawater desalination,” Desalination, 429, 1-11 (2018).

130. Sim, L.N., T.H. Chong, A.H. Taheri, S.T., V. Sim, L. Li, W.B. Krantz, A.G. Fane, “A review of fouling indices and monitoring techniques for reverse osmosis,” Desalination, 434, 169-188 (2018).

131. Chong, T.H., W.B. Krantz, “Process economics and operating strategy for the energy-efficient reverse osmosis (EERO) process,” Desalination, 443, 70-84 (2018).

132. Taheri, A.H., L.N. Sim; W.B. Krantz; A.G. Fane, “Ultrafiltration with intermittent relaxation using colloidal silica and humic acid as model foulants,” Sep. Purif. Tech., 212, 262-272 (2019).

133. Tanis-Kanbura, M.B., F. Zamani, W.B. Krantz, X. Hu, J.W. Chew, “Adaptation of Evapoporometry (EP) to characterize the continuous pores and interpore connectivity in polymeric membranes,” J. Membr. Sci., 575, 17-27, (2019).

134. Taheri, A.H. L.N. Sim, W.B. Krantz, A.G. Fane, “Ultrafiltration with intermittent relaxation using colloidal silica and humic acid as model foulants,” Sep. Purif. Tech., 212, 262-272 (2019).

135. Wong, R., Q. Li, W. Fang, W.B. Krantz, X. Li, “Effect of the support on the characteristics and permselectivity of thin film composite membranes,” J. Membr. Sci., 580, 12-23 (2019).

136. Li, L.., L.N. Sim, W.B. Krantz, T.H. Chong, “Characterization of colloidal fouling in forward osmosis via ultrasonic time- (UTDR) and frequency-domain reflectometry (UFDR),” J. Membr. Sci., 602, 117969 (2020).

137. Kayaci, S., S.B. Tantekin-Ersolmaz, M.G. Ahunbay, W.B. Krantz, “Technical and economic feasibility of the Concurrent Desalination and Boron Removal (CDBR) process,” Desalination, 486, 114474 (2020).

138. Bonyadi, S., T.S. Chung, W.B. Krantz, “Investigation of corrugation phenomenon in the inner contour of hollow fibers during the nonsolvent-induced phase-separation process”, chapter 4, in Hollow Fiber Membranes: Fabrication and Applications, T.S. Chung (ed.) Elsevier, Cambridge MA, 85-104 (2021).

139. Krantz, W.B., T.H. Chong,  “Centrifugal reverse osmosis (CRO)-a novel energy-efficient membrane process for desalination near local thermodynamic equilibrium”, J. Membr. Sci., 637, 119630 (2021).

140. Aslam, M. F. Wicaksana, M. Farid, A. Wong, W.B. Krantz, “Mitigation of membrane fouling by whey protein via water hammer”, J. Membr. Sci., 642, 119967 (2022).

141. Krantz, W.B., “In memory of Professor Sun-Tak Hwang”, J. Membr. Sci., 654, 120500 (2022).

142. Krantz, W.B., M.D.C. Lua, J.L. Absalon, B. Narayanswamy,  “Prototype commercial evapoporometer instrument”, J. Membr. Sci., 655, 120573 (2022).

143. Krantz, W.B., F. Wicaksana, M. Aslam, M. Farid, A. Wong, “Development and validation of a model for mitigating particulate fouling in ultrafiltration using water-hammer ”, J. Membr. Sci., 666, 121098 (2023).

144. Gua, G., Li, T., Krantz, W.B., Chong, T.H., Wu, B., "Membrane performance of pressure-retarded osmosis using simulated hydroxide-based CO2-captured draw solutions", Sep. Purif. Tech., 239, 126699 (2024).