References

VOCAL References for Northeast, Mid-Atlantic, Industry & Policy Projects

Andrew G. Dickson. "Introduction to CO2 Chemistry in Sea Water." iaea.org. Sept. 2016. <https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/18/07/oa-chemistry-dickson-050916.pdf>

Andrew R. Solow. "Red Tides and Dead Zones." Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. 22 Dec. 2004. <https://www.whoi.edu/oceanus/feature/red-tides-and-dead-zones/>

Beniash, E., Ivanina, A., Lieb, N. S., Kurochkin, I., & Sokolova, I. M. (2010). Elevated level of carbon dioxide affects metabolism and shell formation in oysters Crassostrea virginica. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 419, 95–108. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps08841

Borges, A. V, & Gypens, N. (n.d.). Borges, Alberto V., and Nathalie Gypens. Carbonate chemistry in the coastal zone responds more strongly to eutrophication than ocean acidification. Limnol. Oceanogr., 55(1), 2010, 346–353. Retrieved from http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/

Busch, D. S., O’Donnell, M., Hauri, C., Mach, K., Poach, M., Doney, S., & Signorini, S. (2015). Understanding, Characterizing, and Communicating Responses to Ocean Acidification: Challenges and Uncertainties. Oceanography, 25(2), 30–39. https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2015.29

Cai, W.-J., Huang, W.-J., Luther, G. W., Pierrot, D., Li, M., Testa, J., … Kemp, W. M. (2017). Redox reactions and weak buffering capacity lead to acidification in the Chesapeake Bay. Nature Communications, 8(1), 369. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-00417-7

Carstensen, J., & Duarte, C. M. (2019). Drivers of pH Variability in Coastal Ecosystems. Environmental Science and Technology, 53(8). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b03655

Cerco, C. F., Threadgill, T., Noel, M. R., & Hinz, S. (2013). Modeling the pH in the tidal fresh Potomac River under conditions of varying hydrology and loads. Ecological Modelling, 257, 101–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.02.011

Chemistry LibreTexts. "The pH Scale." Chemistry LibreTexts. 2 Oct. 2013. <https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Supplemental_Modules_(Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry)/Acids_and_Bases/Acids_and_Bases_in_Aqueous_Solutions/The_pH_Scale>

Chesapeake Bay Foundation. "Dead Zones." Cbf.org. 2019. <https://www.cbf.org/about-the-bay/maps/pollution/dead-zones.html>

Chesapeake Bay Foundation. "Land Cover." Cbf.org. 2019. <https://www.cbf.org/about-the-bay/maps/land-use/land-cover.html>

Chesapeake Bay Foundation. "Major River Watersheds of the Chesapeake Bay." Cbf.org. <https://www.cbf.org/about-the-bay/maps/geography/major-river-watersheds-of-the-chesapeake-bay.html>

Chesapeake Bay Program. "Geology." Chesapeakebay.net. 2019. <https://www.chesapeakebay.net/discover/ecosystem/bay_geology>

Colgan, C. S., & Farnum, M. G. (n.d.). State of the U.S. Ocean and Coastal Economies 2016 Update. Retrieved from http://midatlanticocean.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/NOEP_National_Report_2016.pdf

Cooley, S. R., Ryan Ono, C., & Melcer, S. (2016). Community-level actions that can address ocean acidification. Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol. 2. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2015.00128

Duarte, C. M., Hendriks, I. E., Moore, T. S., Olsen, Y. S., Steckbauer, A., Ramajo, L., … McCulloch, M. (2013). Is Ocean Acidification an Open-Ocean Syndrome? Understanding Anthropogenic Impacts on Seawater pH. Estuaries and Coasts, 36(2), 221–236. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-013-9594-3

Ekstrom, J. A., Suatoni, L., Cooley, S. R., Pendleton, L. H., Waldbusser, G. G., Cinner, J. E., … Portela, R. (2015). Vulnerability and adaptation of US shellfisheries to ocean acidification. Nature Climate Change, 5(3), 207–214. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2508

Ekstrom, J. A., Suatoni, L., Cooley, S. R., Pendleton, L. H., Waldbusser, G. G., Cinner, J. E., … Kritzer, J. P. (2017). Adaptive capacity: From assessment to action in coastal social-ecological systems. Ecology and Society, 22(2), 237–264. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-09325-220222

Gazeau, F., Parker, L. M., Comeau, S., Gattuso, J. P., O’Connor, W. A., Martin, S., … Ross, P. M. (2013). Impacts of ocean acidification on marine shelled mollusks. Marine Biology, 160(8), 2207–2245. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-013-2219-3

Gledhill, D. K., White, M. M., Salisbury, J., Thomas, H., Mlsna, I., Liebman, M., … Doney, S. C. (2015). Ocean and coastal acidification off new england and nova scotia. Oceanography. https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2015.41

Howarth, R., Chan, F., Conley, D. J., Garnier, J., Doney, S. C., Marino, R., & Billen, G. (2011). Coupled biogeochemical cycles: Eutrophication and hypoxia in temperate estuaries and coastal marine ecosystems. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 9(1), 18–26. https://doi.org/10.1890/100008

Lellis-Dibble, K. a., McGlynn, K. E., & Bigford, T. E. (2008). Estuarine fish and shellfish species in U.S. commercial and recreational fisheries : economic value as an incentive to protect and restore. Habitat, (November), 94 pp.

Michelle Francl. "Urban legends of chemistry." Nature.com. Aug. 2010.<https://www.nature.com/articles/nchem.750.epdf>

Moore, C. (2015). Welfare Estimates of Avoided Ocean Acidification in the U.S. Mollusk Market. Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 40, 50–62. Retrieved from https://about.jstor.org/terms

NASA Earth Observatory. "Studying Chesapeake Bay from Above." Earthobservatory.nasa.gov. NASA Earth Observatory, 26 Apr. 2017. <https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/89003/studying-chesapeake-bay-from-above>

NASA. "Worldview: Explore Your Dynamic Planet." Worldview.earthdata.nasa.gov. 27 Aug. 2019. <https://worldview.earthdata.nasa.gov/>

National Marine Fisheries Service. (2014). Fisheries economics of the United States, 2014. NOAA Technical Memorandum, (October), 175 pp. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004

National Ocean Economics Program. "Natural Resources - Top Ten Commercial Fish Species Search." Oceaneconomics.org. 2019. <https://www.oceaneconomics.org/LMR/topTen.asp>

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. "NOAA CoastWatch East Coast Node." Eastcoast.coastwatch.noaa.gov. 2019. <https://eastcoast.coastwatch.noaa.gov/info_chl.php>

NOAA Office of Science and Technology. "Northeast Fish and Shellfish Climate Vulnerability Assessment." St.nmfs.noaa.gov. 8 Mar. 2016. <https://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/ecosystems/climate/northeast-fish-and-shellfish-climate-vulnerability/NEVA_Overview>

NOAA Office of Science and Technology. "Species vulnerability summary of results." St.nmfs.noaa.gov. 8 Mar. 2016. Web. 11 Oct. 2019. <https://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/ecosystems/climate/northeast-fish-and-shellfish-climate-vulnerability/index#>

NOAA PMEL Carbon Program. "Ocean Acidification's impact on oysters and other shellfish." Pmel.noaa.gov. <https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/story/Ocean+Acidification's+impact+on+oysters+and+other+shellfish>

NOAA Science on a Sphere. "Ocean Acidification: Surface pH Dataset | Science On a Sphere." Sos.noaa.gov. 2019. <https://sos.noaa.gov/datasets/ocean-acidification-surface-ph/>

Northeast Coastal Acidification Network. "Overview of Acidification in the Northeast Region." NECAN.org. 2019. <http://www.necan.org/sites/default/files/NECAN-Overview-of-Coastal-Acidification-in-the-Northeast-Region.pdf>

NRDC. "Ocean Acidification Hotspots." NRDC. 16 May 2019. <https://www.nrdc.org/resources/ocean-acidification-hotspots>

Potomac River Basin Drinking Water Source Protection Partnership. "Alkalinity trends in the Potomac River (for the Potomac Drinking Water Source Protection Partnership (DWSSP) Water Quality Workgroup)." <https://www.potomacdwspp.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/AlkalinityTrendsInThePotomacRiver_2014.pdf>

Ryan P. Kelly & Margaret Caldwell. "Ten Ways States Can Combat Ocean Acidification (and Why They Should)." Harvard Environmental Law Review. Works.bepress.com. 2013. <https://works.bepress.com/ryan_kelly/6/>

Strong, A. L., Kroeker, K. J., Teneva, L. T., Mease, L. A., & Kelly, R. P. (2014). Ocean acidification 2.0: Managing our Changing Coastal Ocean Chemistry. BioScience, 64(7), 581–592. https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biu072

Turley, C., & Gattuso, J.-P. (2012). Future biological and ecosystem impacts of ocean acidification and their socioeconomic-policy implications. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 4(3), 278–286. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.COSUST.2012.05.007

Waldbusser, G. G., & Salisbury, J. E. (2013). Ocean Acidification in the Coastal Zone from an Organism’s Perspective: Multiple System Parameters, Frequency Domains, and Habitats. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-121211-172238

Whitney, C. K., Bennett, N. J., Ban, N. C., Allison, E. H., Armitage, D., Blythe, J. L., … Yumagulova, L. (2017). Adaptive capacity: From assessment to action in coastal social-ecological systems. Ecology and Society, 22(2). https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-09325-220222