“Banking, transition and financial reforms: a long-term analysis of Vietnam” (with A. Ferrari). Forthcoming on the Journal of Banking Regulation.
“Competition determinants of Asian banking industries: A comparison between competition efficiency and the Lerner index” (with A. Ferrari). Work in progress. (Job market paper)
Abstract
The paper investigates the determinants of bank competition for 9 Asian countries after the Asian financial crisis from 2000 to 2016. Using both the competition efficiency and the Lerner index, we provide robust evidence that bank competition increases with market concentration, financial liberalisation, foreign penetration, foreign ownership, and competition from the stock market. Lower inflation and secured property rights are favourable conditions for banks to gain their market power. Over the examined period, competition tends to increase. However, a decrease is observed after the global financial crisis. Finally, we illustrate that although the 2 measures use different approaches to measure competition, under certain conditions they are identical.
JEL classification: G21, D24,  L11, O30
Keywords: Bank competition, Lerner index, Competition efficiency, Regulation, Market structure.
“An inverted U-shaped relationship between competition and cost-reducing innovation: Evidence from Asian commercial banks” (with A. Ferrari). Work in progress.
Abstract
The paper examines the relationship between competition and cost-reducing innovation for 8 Asian countries from 2000 to 2016. Using the Boone indicator and technological gap ratio (from a meta-frontier) to measure competition and innovation, we find evidence of an inverted-U shape relationship, supporting the theoretical model of Aghion and Griffith (2005) and Aghion et al. (2005). In comparison among the effects of competition in the 3 output markets, competition in the credit market is the key driver of innovation; competition in the other earning assets market affects innovation but to a lesser extent while no impact is found for the fee-based service market. Market concentration, the global financial crisis of 2008 and bank ownership have insignificant influence whereas foreign penetration, financial freedom, and bank size foster banking innovation. Finally, our result suggests that banks can reduce their total costs by 9% on average if they adopt the best available global technology.
 JEL classification: G21, D24, L11, O30
Keywords: Bank competition, Boone indicator, Innovation, Technological gap, Meta-frontier