Complex visual-motor reaction - the choice reaction is a type of complex sensorimotor reactions and, unlike a simple visual-motor reaction, carried out to one light stimulus, registers the responses of a person to the presentation of several different light stimuli. According to this procedure, the process of information processing in the visual sensory system proceeds not only according to the principle of determining the presence or absence of a light signal by a person, but also according to the principle of distinguishing visual sensory stimuli by selecting a signal of the corresponding color or figure.

When implementing the reaction of choice, the information processing process takes place, including the reception of the signal, its analysis, the adoption of an execution strategy for its implementation, the implementation of this decision, and the motor act itself. This is due to the complex analytical-synthetic activity of the brain and the “switching on” of a different number of brain structures. The implementation of a complex reaction requires the inclusion of many functional units of the brain. The more difficult the task, the more these units are formed.

Description and test modes.

The program "Visuomotor Choice Reaction" has the following options for conducting test tasks. Firstly, it is the ability to select the number of attempts at the stage (from 5 to 20). There is also the presence of the "Demo" mode, which offers the order of passing the test for review (2 attempts at each stage).

The "Visuomotor Choice Reaction" program has three test modes:

1. Test tasks that include responding to color and shapes;

2. Test tasks that include responding only to color;

3. Test tasks that contain responses only to shapes.

In each mode, you can select the time of occurrence of visual stimuli: 3…5 s; 2…5 s, 2…6 s, 3…8 s.

The first mode of the test is the main one, and the subsequent ones can be considered as training ones.

The test task (the first test mode) is divided into four stages, according to the principle from simple to complex, in terms of the impact on the sensory system. The reaction time for the shapes will be longer because there will also be more details that require reflection. The first stage is the response to colored stimuli, the second stage is the response to colored stimuli when counteracting the disruptive stimuli, the third stage is the response to the shapes, the fourth stage is the response to the shapes while counteracting the disruptive stimuli.

Reaction to colored circles (static mode).

The choice of colors of visual stimuli (Figure 1) used to create a computer program (yellow, green, red, blue and gray) was made based on the principles of color theory Johannes Itten (Swiss expressionist, artist, designer, teacher, writer and theorist). According to this theory, there are three primary colors: red, yellow and blue. The remaining colors of the color wheel are formed by mixing these three in different proportions.

When mixing colors according to the additive model, in addition to red and blue, there is also green. Gray is an achromatic color (colorless color), more precisely, the set of all colors obtained by combining red, green and blue in equal concentrations.

Color saturation was chosen experimentally. Saturation is the intensity of a certain tone, that is, the degree of visual difference between a chromatic color and an achromatic (gray) color equal in light. The intensity of a certain tone can be called "juicy", "deep", less saturated - "muffled", close to gray. The intensity of the tone of each color in the computer program is set in such a way that the visual perception of stimuli is at the same level.

According to the DCI-P3 (color space) standard, the color was set at (Figure 1): yellow - R: 254, G: 250, B: 83; blue - R: 90, G: 10, B: 246; green - R: 95, G: 199, B: 59; red - R: 234, G: 64, B: 37; gray - R: 169, G: 168, B: 169.

Signals that make it difficult to choose color circle (dynamic mode).

The stimuli that bring down these are colored balls or figures. During the stage, they randomly move across the screen of the mobile device at different speeds and image intensities (from 20 to 90%). The range of values for the emergence and changes of stimuli that confuse is selected from 0,2 s to 2,0 s. The duration of the movement of stimuli along random coordinates is 0,3 s, which ensures sufficient dynamics of their movement on the screen of a mobile device.

Reaction to shapes (static mode).

The implementation of a complex reaction requires the inclusion of many functional units of the brain, the more difficult the task, the more of these units are formed, therefore, volumetric shapes were chosen as shapes for the test task, which have more various details for visual comprehension. The following shapes were chosen for the test task: Cylinder, Octahedron, Cube, Sphere, Square Pyramid. These figures are the most recognizable. The color of the figures was chosen to be gray as an achromatic color so that the test taker reacts to the figure and not to the color.

Signals that make it difficult to choose a shapes (dynamic mode).

Testing result (four stages):

• reaction time;

• standard error;

• standard deviation;

• number of selection errors.

Methodology.

The testing methodology has a unified procedure for conducting and evaluating. To familiarize yourself with the test task in the computer program, there is a “Demo” mode that provides a clear and unambiguous understanding of the testing procedure by all its participants. As a result of testing the proposed methodology, it can be argued that it meets such a criterion as standardization.

The ability of the program to demonstrate visual signals, different in color or shape, will allow researchers to identify the characteristics of the perception of athletes of various sports and qualifications.

According to the results of the correlation and dispersion analysis, it can be argued that the proposed method for assessing the choice reaction is reliable and has a significant level of validity and meets all metrological requirements (comparison of the reaction time of choice between the individual stages of the test in the groups of primary and secondary testing according to the Kruskal-Wallis test - stage 1, r = 0,7; stage 2, r = 0,8; stage 3, r = 0,9; stage 4, r = 0,8).

The method for evaluating the choice reaction proposed in this study can be recommended for use both in martial arts and in other sports that require this type of reaction, in particular sports games.

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Visuomotor Choice Reaction

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