A woman’s menstrual cycle is a vital indicator of her reproductive and overall health. Ideally, a menstrual cycle ranges from 21 to 35 days, with periods lasting two to seven days. However, many women experience irregular menstrual cycles at some point in their lives. An irregular cycle refers to periods that come earlier, later, or are missed entirely, along with changes in flow or duration. Understanding the causes of irregular menstrual cycles is important, as it helps women seek timely care from a Gynecologist and prevent underlying health issues from progressing.
The menstrual cycle is primarily regulated by two hormones—estrogen and progesterone. An imbalance in these hormones can disrupt ovulation, leading to irregular periods. Conditions like Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and thyroid disorders are common causes of such imbalances.
Emotional stress, lack of sleep, excessive exercise, or sudden weight fluctuations can all affect the body’s hormone regulation. Stress, in particular, raises cortisol levels, which can interfere with the normal menstrual cycle and lead to skipped or delayed periods.
PCOS is one of the leading causes of irregular menstruation in women of reproductive age. Women with PCOS experience high levels of androgens (male hormones), which affect ovulation and result in irregular or absent periods.
Both hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) and hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) can affect menstrual cycles. Thyroid hormones play a role in regulating metabolism and reproductive health, so imbalances can lead to irregularities.
Women approaching menopause often notice irregular cycles due to fluctuating estrogen levels. This transitional period, known as perimenopause, can last several years before periods stop completely.
Conditions such as fibroids, endometriosis, or ovarian cysts can cause irregular bleeding patterns. These conditions may also lead to heavy menstrual flow, spotting, or painful periods.
Certain medications, such as antidepressants, blood thinners, or hormonal contraceptives, can affect the menstrual cycle. Birth control pills may initially cause irregular periods until the body adjusts.
Chronic illnesses like diabetes, celiac disease, or obesity may also contribute to irregular menstrual cycles. These conditions can interfere with the body’s hormonal balance and reproductive health.
While occasional irregularity is normal, frequent or prolonged irregularities should not be ignored. Consulting a Best Gynecologist in Gurgaon is essential if you experience:
Missed periods for three months or longer (without pregnancy).
Very heavy or painful periods.
Bleeding between cycles.
Signs of hormonal imbalance such as acne, excess hair growth, or sudden weight changes.