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There is evidence that the SAT is correlated with societal and educational outcomes,[109] including finishing a four-year university program.[142] A 2012 paper from psychologists at the University of Minnesota analyzing multi-institutional data sets suggested that the SAT maintained its ability to predict collegiate performance even after controlling for socioeconomic status (as measured by the combination of parental educational attainment and income) and high-school GPA. This means that SAT scores were not merely a proxy for measuring socioeconomic status, the researchers concluded.[104][143] This finding has been replicated and shown to hold across racial or ethnic groups and for both sexes.[13] Moreover, the Minnesota researchers found that the socioeconomic status distributions of the student bodies of the schools examined reflected those of their respective applicant pools.[104] Because of what it measures, a person's SAT scores cannot be separated from their socioeconomic background.[109] However, the correlation between SAT scores and parental income or socioeconomic status should not be taken to mean causation. It could be that high scorers have intelligent parents who work cognitively demanding jobs and as such earn higher salaries.[144] In addition, the correlation is only significant between biological families, not adoptive ones, suggesting that this might be due to genetic heritage, not economic wealth.[145][146]

A growing body of research indicates that SAT scores can predict individual success decades into the future, for example in terms of income and occupational achievements.[13][20][84] A longitudinal study published in 2005 by educational psychologists Jonathan Wai, David Lubinski, and Camilla Benbow suggests that among the intellectually precocious (the top 1%), those with higher scores in the mathematics section of the SAT at the age of 12 were more likely to earn a PhD in the STEM fields, to have a publication, to register a patent, or to secure university tenure.[186][135] Wai further showed that an individual's academic ability, as measured by the average SAT or ACT scores of the institution attended, predicted individual differences in income, even among the richest people of all, and being a member of the 'American elite', namely Fortune 500 CEOs, billionaires, federal judges, and members of Congress.[187][13] Wai concluded that the American elite was also the cognitive elite.[187] Gregory Park, Lubinski, and Benbow gave statistical evidence that intellectually gifted adolescents, as identified by SAT scores, could be expected to accomplish great feats of creativity in the future, both in the arts and in STEM.[188][13]

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Khutoryanskiy, Vitaliy V. (2020)Preparation and publication of chemistry papers ininternational peer-reviewed journals. Chemical Bulletin of Kazakh National University (1). pp. 40-49. ISSN 1563-0331 doi: 2351a5e196