2024

1. Lee, et al., npj-Climate-Atmo-Sci (Climate Shifts Reshape North American Winter)

We explore how changing weather patterns, driven by global warming, impact North America's extreme weather and the winter dipole. We found the noticeable role of human activities in altering teleconnection in North America over the past 70 years, emphasizing the need to understand the dynamic effects of global warming in shaping winter climate variations. 

2. Hong, et al., npj-Climate-Atmo-Sci (Imminent Decline of the Warm Arctic-Cold Continents)

We show that as the globe warms, there will be a decline in the warm arctic-cold continent patterns. The cold air that usually hits East Asia and North America is moving north, suggesting less frequent cold spells in these regions in the future. This change could mean we need to rethink how we predict and prepare for winter weather, emphasizing the need for updated climate models.

3. Chang, et al., JGR-A (Dynamical Downscaling for Forecasting Extreme Weather)

The CESM, adept at capturing the Southern US climate, often misses extreme weather predictions. This study upgrades the model with detailed, convective-resolving local climate data, boosting its ability to forecast severe weather. When initiated weeks ahead, the model more precisely anticipates wet and dry extremes. It also indicates that varying upper atmospheric wind patterns could play a role in Texas's atypical seasonal rainfall or drought conditions. 

4. LaPlante, et al., Atmosphere (Winter's Wild Card: Unpredictable Snowpack And Lack of Forcings)

The unexpected bounty of the Colorado River Basin's snowpack in the winter of 2022–2023 defied predictions, revealing the tenuous link between tropical sea temperatures and regional rainfall. As a critical water lifeline for the Western US, this season's atypical snowfall patterns underscore the prevailing role of stochastic forces on water availability. This reinforces the imperative for a multi-faceted approach to forecasting in water management strategies.

5. Chen, et al., ERL (Drought-Driven Carbon Crisis in Taiwan's Forests)

The severe drought in Taiwan halted carbon sequestration in its subtropical forests. The analysis uncovers a significant correlation between carbon uptake, radiative factors, groundwater levels, and wildfires, indicating that the severity of droughts leads to a shift from carbon absorption to emission in these forests, thereby inviting a broader examination of the climate-carbon nexus.

6. Yu, et al., Climatic Change (Projecting Taiwan's wildfire surge in a changing climate)

Given the recent increases in drought and wildfire, this study anticipates that, under severe climate scenarios, the subtropical island of Taiwan could see a dramatic rise in wildfires, with some regions potentially experiencing up to 90% more fires by the end of the century.

2023

1. Wang and Liu, Business and Technology Innovation (Taiwan's Financial Resilience Against Climate Risks)

This paper examines the intricate relationship between climate risks and Taiwan's financial system, stressing the importance of data-driven strategies for resilience and policy making. It highlights Taiwan's unique challenges in managing climate-related financial risks and suggests using Data Assisted Techniques for Adaptation (D.A.T.A) for policy intervention, focusing on effective climate data collection and analysis to bolster the financial system against climate extremes.

2. Mukherjee, et al., Current Science (How socio-economic dynamics influence crop yield)

The study explores how socioeconomic factors like education, age, and financial limitations impact farmers' decisions in crop production in Northwest India from 2016-2021. It emphasizes the role of government policies and communication from agricultural scientists in improving crop yields.

7. Moon, et al., Science Advances (Enhanced frontal rainfall in East Asia due to climate warming)

Recent studies show a 17% increase in East Asia's summer monsoon frontal rainfall from 1958–2015, with anthropogenic warming contributing to a 5.8% intensification from 1991–2015. The findings highlight the role of human-induced climate change in intensifying future rainfall patterns.

8. Huang, et al., Atmospheric Research (biomass burning emissions and transport over Southeast Asia)

The authors tried to understand how regional climate variability in peninsular Southeast Asia affects springtime biomass-burning aerosol emissions and transport. Four key climatic factors and their correlation with El Niño events are identified to improve aerosol-climate models.

9. Jagannathan, et al., Global Environmental Change (Mapping Actionable Climate Information: An Empirical Typology )

The authors explore the complexities of actionable climate information and its utilization in decision-making. Through four years of co-production engagements, the study empirically derives typologies that map the landscape of climate information and its various uses. These typologies aim to streamline the knowledge production process, making it more time and cost-efficient for producers and users.

10. Dalanhese, et al., Int. J. Climatology (Unraveling South American Cyclones: Andes' Dynamic Influence )

This study explores South American extratropical cyclones, unveiling the influence of Andes' dynamics on cyclogenesis. Coastal and lee-side cyclogenesis respond differently to temperature anomalies, affecting their frequency. Enhanced understanding of these mechanisms is crucial amid climate change-induced variability.

11. Stuivenvolt Allen, et al., Journal of Climate (Pacific Influences on North Atlantic Cyclones)

Two spatial groups of explosive cyclones (ECs) are identified, with high latitude EC frequency linked to the North Atlantic Oscillation and coastal EC frequency associated with an atmospheric wave-train from the North Pacific. Model experiments highlight the influence of tropical and North Pacific oceans on this atmospheric wave train.

12. Promchote, et al., ERL (Boosting Thailand's Palm Oil Yield with Predictions)

Palm oil is vital for Thailand's economy, but its productivity is influenced by climate and ENSO events. Dynamic models integrating local and large-scale climate variables can enhance prediction accuracy. Future research should explore measures to safeguard yield based on skillful seasonal prediction.

13. Sharma, et al., Climate Dynamics (Nepal's 2020 Record Monsoon: Western North Pacific Anticyclone)

Nepal's 2020 monsoon was the wettest in 40 years. The Western North Pacific Anticyclone and an intense Indian Ocean warming caused the unusually high precipitation. The Indo-western Pacific Ocean Capacitor may have played a role, and anthropogenic warming may have further tipped the balance.

14. Lin et al., Climate Services (Asia Pacific Climate Service Workshop)

The APCSW 2021 brought together over 200 people from 11 countries to Taipei to discuss climate change and climate services. Participants agreed that climate action is urgently needed in the Asia-Pacific region, and that climate services are essential to building climate-resilient societies.

15. Borhara et al., Climate Dynamics (ENSO Precursor of WNP in Warmer Climate)

This study investigates the impact of climate change on the relationship between a cold western North Pacific phase and El Niño development, finding that enhanced warming intensifies surface convergence and anomalous advection in the equatorial Pacific, leading to an increase in the amplitude and frequency of El Niño events and a strengthened three-way link between the western North Pacific, Pacific Meridional Mode, and El Niño.

16. Chikamoto et al., ERL (Summertime PM2.5 Air Quality in Mountain West)

Summertime air quality in Northern Utah is highly correlated with the number of dry-hot days, wildfire size, and an upper atmospheric ridge over the Northwestern United States, with climate model simulations confirming increasing trends in these factors, highlighting the need for longer-term monitoring and seasonal forecasting for air quality and its compounding factors.

17. Xu et al., npj Climate and Atmospheric Science (Asian-Australian Summer Monsoons Synchronized)

Since 1850, anthropogenic climate warming has strengthened the relationship between ENSO and both the Asian and Australian summer monsoons, leading to synchronized variations in monsoon precipitation.

18. Hong et al., npj Climate and Atmospheric Science (Arctic-associated Midlatitude Winter Temperature)

The Warm Arctic Cold Continent (WACC) pattern contributes to increasingly extreme cold winters in interior Eurasia and North America, and although WACC will continue in the future, cold extremes may slightly weaken due to overall warming, reducing the predictability of midlatitude winter anomalies.

19. Pokharel et al., Climatic Change (Himalayan Wildfires & Drought Trends in Nepal)

The record wildfire season in Nepal during spring 2021 was driven by both climate variability and climate change-induced drought conditions, and the analysis suggests a likelihood of recurring droughts and increased wildfire activity throughout the 21st century; this information can help forest managers to develop strategies based on monitoring and projecting climate anomalies at sub-seasonal to decadal timescales.

20. Liu et al., Env. Monitoring and Assessment (Ecological Loss of Mining Areas in Taiwan)

This study evaluated the loss of forest ecosystem services due to mining operations in two Taiwanese mines over 20 years, finding significant losses in forest production, carbon sequestration, water conservation, and forest recreation benefits, highlighting the need to incorporate these losses into mining-related expenses and compensation for ecological damage.

2022

1. Stuivenvolt Allen & Wang, Climate Dynamics (Fire Weather & Tropical Cyclones)

This study examines the impact of extratropical transitioning cyclones (ETCs) on North American fire weather, finding that ETCs consistently result in both suppressed and enhanced fire weather in specific areas through their interaction with the jet stream, providing a first holistic understanding of ETCs' influence on fire weather amid increasing concerns about wildfires in the Western United States.

2. Lee et al., Atmosphere (Revised Meiyu-season Onset Index)

The study modifies the Meiyu onset index using ERA5 reanalysis data, resulting in better alignment with maximum precipitation events during the Meiyu season, offering operational forecasters and water resource managers an improved method for anticipating Meiyu rainfall and managing water resources in Taiwan.

3. Promchote et al., Agronomy (Cool Season & Rice Growth)

Climate warming affects rice cultivation in Taiwan, leading to shorter vegetative phases, earlier maturation, reduced yields, and increased yield variability.

4. Son et al., JAMES (Machine Learning & Fire Weather)

The CFS-Super Resolution, a hybrid prediction system combining a weather forecast model and deep learning, significantly improves fire weather forecasting up to 7 days in advance with enhanced spatial resolution, providing county-level information for better resource allocation and wildfire mitigation.

5. Mukherjee et al., Water (Twitter Data & Drought Depiction)

Integrating Twitter data with meteorological records using machine learning techniques can improve drought detection and progression tracking. Twitter-based model outperformed the control model without social media input, suggesting its potential in predicting drought severity and aiding in future drought monitoring efforts.

6. Huang et al., Climate (Climate Variability & Rice Planthoppers)

The population change of rice planthoppers in Taiwan, which has declined since the mid-2000s, is strongly linked to multi-decadal climate variability, and a future reversal of this climate pattern may lead to a resurgence in planthopper populations.

7. Sun et al., Nature Communications (Jet Stream Waviness in Summer)

The study emphasizes that the increased summertime midlatitude waviness in the Northern Hemisphere over the past 40 years is primarily driven by cooling trends in the tropical Eastern Pacific, rather than Arctic amplification, highlighting the need for accurate tropical Pacific SST predictions to project weather extremes.

8. Wu et al., Climate Dynamics (1990s Decadal Change & Monsoons)

The study highlights pronounced climatological changes in the 1990s, with shifts in Northern Hemisphere dry and wet patterns occurring more rapidly in winter than summer, driven by factors such as jet stream shifts and weakened westerly flows above Asian and African monsoons.

2021

1. Zhang et al., GRL (Drying Trend in Western US)

The study identifies five weather types and finds that a general drying trend in the western U.S. is more significantly associated with fewer troughs rather than more ridges, with attribution analysis suggesting that this decrease in wetter and colder weather is likely due to anthropogenic forcing.

2. Gu et al., Int. J. Climatology (PMP in Utah & Weather Types)

Historical trends in probable maximum precipitation (PMP) for Utah's watersheds show a significant increase, with varying magnitudes depending on the dataset and its spatial resolution, suggesting a need to consider these trends in future PMP estimates, particularly when using coarse-resolution data.

3. Keen et al., Global Change Biology (Tree Drought Sensitivity in CA)

Keen et al. identifies potential early warning signals for drought-related mortality in ponderosa pine forests, derived from measurements of tree-ring growth and carbon isotope discrimination, which may provide land managers with more time to mitigate the extent or severity of forest mortality in advance of droughts caused by climate warming.

4. Xu et al., Quaternary Science Reviews (Tree-ring Oxygen Isotope in Monsoon Asia)

This study investigates the influences of local hydroclimate and remote large-scale circulation on tree-ring δ18O in monsoon Asia, and finds that South Asian summer monsoon precipitation and El Niño–Southern Oscillation are the main factors controlling a common signal of tree-ring δ18O across Monsoon Asia.

5. Son et al., ERL (Extreme Fire Weather in CA)

Historical wildfire events in California occur every five to seven years, linked to a sequence of anomalous large-scale climate patterns with an eastward propagation in both the ocean and atmosphere, suggesting the semi-cyclical hydrological behavior as a climate driver for wildfire variability in California.

6. Liu et al., Atmosphere (Forest Management & Climate Change)

This study analyzed questionnaires collected from 17 cities in Taiwan to assess the public's understanding of climate change and its impact on forests, finding that most respondents recognized the need to adjust forest management for climate change, establish mixed forests, and monitor forest damage, and called for the government to raise forest owners’ understanding on climate change and adaptation policies.

7. Stuivenvolt Allen et al., JGR-A (Atmospheric Rivers Impacting Northern CA)

The frequency of atmospheric rivers affecting wet and dry periods in Northern California is driven by the position and intensity of the Aleutian Low, which is forced by the tropical Pacific and modulates moisture transport towards California on decadal time scales.

8. Song et al., JGR-A (Summer MCS initiation over the U.S. Great Plains)

This study highlights the significance of eastward propagating waves in the U.S. Great Plains for initiating four types of summer mesoscale convective systems (MCSs), with 30% of mid-tropospheric perturbations related to MCS initiation, leading to increased rainfall, larger affected areas, and stronger convective intensity.

9. Meyer et al., Int. J. Climatology (NA-CORDEX Performance)

The ability of NA-CORDEX regional climate model ensembles to reproduce the precipitation climatology of hydrologically-important western US regions is evaluated. Results indicate over-simulated wintertime precipitation over mountainous regions, but improvements to the Desert Southwest's summertime precipitation. The higher resolution showed better performance metrics than the lower resolution.

10. Son et al., ERL (Changes in Fire Weather Climatology)

This study assesses the impact of 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C increases in global temperature on fire weather, indicating that the half-degree difference between these two thresholds may significantly increase the hazard of wildfire in certain parts of the world, particularly the Amazon, African savanna, and Mediterranean, and limiting global warming to 1.5 °C would alleviate some risk in these regions.

11. Huang et al., Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans (Easterly Waves' Dissipation Processes)

We analyzed tropical easterly waves in the Western North Pacific during May-September of 1979–2017 and shows that most of the waves dissipate when encountering the monsoon trough and associated westerlies, while a small number move westward due to total vortex stretching in the lower troposphere, highlighting the importance of interaction with the monsoon trough or a monsoon gyre for development into a typhoon.

12. Xu et al., Atmosphere (Oxygen Isotopes in Greenland Tree Rings)

This study presents the first tree ring oxygen isotope record from southwestern Greenland, showing a positive correlation with ice core δ18O and January-August mean temperatures, as well as a negative correlation with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), suggesting the potential for using tree rings to extend the NAO reconstruction.

2020

1. Morgan et al., Water (Cannabis Water Availability in Northern California)

The study explores how climate and water policy interact to influence water availability for cannabis in California, and how public discourse frames these interactions, and suggests that water policy should better represent growers' voices and explicitly address stakeholder controversies to promote a socially, politically, and environmentally viable cannabis industry.

2. Stuivenvolt-Allen et al., GRL (Typhoons Strengthened Fire Weather in Northwest U.S.)

In September 2020, three western Pacific typhoons undergoing extratropical transition over Korea within 12 days amplified an atmospheric wave train across the Pacific Ocean, intensifying winds and contributing to the western U.S. fire outbreak by enhancing the ridge over the west coast and deepening the trough in central Canada.

3. Zhang et al., Science (Hotter and Drier Climate Over Inner East Asia)

This new study presents a 260-year-long record of temperature and soil moisture over inner East Asia that reveals an abrupt shift to hotter and drier conditions in the past 20 years, which are unprecedented in earlier records, caused by a positive feedback loop between soil moisture deficits and surface warming that may represent the start of an irreversible trend.

4. Keen et al., Oecologia (Growth Rate Influence on Ponderosa Pines Mortality)

During the 2012-2015 California drought, surviving ponderosa pines had higher growth rates and were found in areas with lower basal area, indicating that trees more resistant to drought stress and beetle attacks were among the top performers within a stand and across the landscape.

5. Park et al., Climate Dynamics (Wintertime Surface Air Temperature Modes in Northern Hemisphere)

Snow cover in northern Eurasia, La Niña-like sea surface temperature anomalies, and sea ice loss in the Barents and Kara seas can influence winter cooling events in Eurasia and North America by modulating Arctic Oscillation circulation and North American surface air temperature.

6. Chikamoto et al., Communications Earth & Environment (Colorado River Water Supply Predictability)

Decadal climate prediction system using a fully coupled climate model demonstrates the predictability of the annual water supply of the Colorado River up to several years in advance, showing that prolonged shortages of water supply are linked to sea surface temperature precursors, making multi-year predictions of severe water shortages useful as early indicators of subsequent agricultural loss and wildfire risk.

7. Pokharel et al., Atmospheric Research (Cloud Seeding Conditions in Utah; watch this introductory video)

Winter cloud seeding suitability in Utah's mountains may decrease under future climate change, with the projected decline in precipitating clouds suitable for seeding dropping from 60% to 40% statewide due to rising temperatures and reduced precipitation frequency.

8. Promchote et al., Int. J. Biometeorology (Tart Cherries Bloom Dates Prediction)

The study combines phenological models to predict bloom dates of tart cherries in Utah and Michigan, improving the estimation of chill units and exhibiting subseasonal performance in predicting bloom dates for 6 weeks in advance, providing growers with a way to mitigate extreme climate anomalies.

9. Chikamoto et al., JGR-Oceans (ENSO Evolution & Atlantic Forcing)

Equatorial Atlantic cooling is the primary cause of weakened equatorial zonal winds in the Indo-Pacific and subsequent warming in the tropical Pacific, affecting the interbasin climate seesaw between the Atlantic and Pacific through an atmospheric zonal Wavenumber 1 pattern.

10. Lee et al., Atmospheric Environment (Atmospheric Stagnant Conditions in Northeast Asia)

There has been a long-term increase of stagnant air conditions over East Asia, with a decrease in near-surface wind speed and an increase in static stability, which is likely driven by global warming caused by greenhouse gases and has negative implications for air quality in the future.

11. Park et al., ERL (East Asian Summer Monsoon Lifecycle)

The East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) has intensified, resulting in a shorter but stronger rainy season, according to observational datasets and historical simulations of CMIP6, while CMIP6 models generally underestimated the observed intensification of the EASM lifecycle and the monsoon precipitation.

12. Cheng et al., BAMS (Climate Services in Asia Pacific)

The 2019 Asia Pacific Climate Service Workshop in Taiwan aimed to develop climate services in the region by fostering communication, policy steering, and information sharing among government agencies, private companies, and academia to address risk reduction, management issues, and create economic opportunities related to weather and climate phenomena.

13. Johnson et al., Climate Dynamics (Pacific Decadal Oscillation Forcing)

This study reveals that PDO variability stems from 12-29% Atlantic Ocean influence, 40-44% tropical Pacific influence, and the remainder from other processes like North Pacific ocean-atmosphere interactions and Indian Ocean teleconnections.

14. Zhao et al., ERL (Cyclone Fani: Regional Warming vs. Aerosol Effects)

The compound effects of atmospheric aerosols and regional climate warming on tropical cyclone Fani in the Bay of Bengal were analyzed using a quantitative attribution analysis, showing that aerosol and its interaction with the atmosphere mitigated the strengthening effect of anthropogenic warming on Fani, but was not strong enough to entirely counteract it.

15. Xu et al., Quaternary Research (Asian Summer Monsoon from Tree Ring Isotopes)

The study finds that the long-term intraseasonal δ18Oc values in tree rings from the southeastern Tibetan Plateau correlate with the onset and mature phase of summer monsoon precipitation, enabling reconstruction of the Asian summer monsoon's intraseasonal variations.

16. Yadav et al., Climate Dynamics (Pacific & Atlantic Niño Influences on India Summer Monsoon)

ENSO influences on north central India rainfall are changing, with Atlantic Niño overtaking La Niña-like conditions and affecting pressure anomalies over northwest Europe, subsequently affecting the upper-troposphere high pressure anomaly in north India.

17. Fosu et al., Climate Dynamics (Wintertime WNP Variability & ENSO Diversity)

Sea surface temperature anomalies in the Western North Pacific (WNP) have been found to have a significant impact on the development of El Niño Southern Oscillation events in the eastern Pacific, with the removal of SST variability in the WNP leading to the increased likelihood of central Pacific ENSO events developing.

18. Borhara et al., Climate (Tanzania's Precipitation Climatology & Future Projection)

In Tanzania, maximum rainfall during the long rainy season is decreasing, and the short rainy season in the northwest is experiencing increasing precipitation trends, with warmer temperatures in the western Indian Ocean having a stronger correlation with rainfall variability than ENSO, and the IOD having a greater effect on rainfall variability.

19. Zhao et al., Atmosphere (Diurnal Rainfall & South Asian High Retreat in Tibetan Plateau)

This study examines intense diurnal precipitation beneath the South Asian High during the summer monsoon season using observational data from 2010 to 2015 and found that warmer air, increased moisture, and stronger upward velocity can enhance the potential for diurnal convection, supporting the nighttime peak of rainfall, which persists until the South Asian High retreats.

20. Tung et al., Meteorological Applications (East Asian Summer Monsoon Increase in Taiwan)

The study evaluates and diagnoses model skill for the East Asian summer monsoon in Taiwan, identifying a substantial increase in precipitation for the Meiyu season in both high and low skill model groups, projected to occur through the extension of a strengthened North Pacific anticyclone and Clausius–Clapeyron relationship.

2014

1. Wang et al., J. Earth Sci. Engineering (2012 Drought in Central U.S.)

The paper analyzes the 2012 drought in the central United States, examining past drought patterns and potential contributors to the intensity of the drought, finding that the atmospheric Rossby wave activity may be a potential source of predictability for drought onset, and a probabilistic model was evaluated for predicting drought recovery.

2. Fosu and Wang, Climate Dynamics (Bay of Bengal Cyclones Causing Monsoon Onset in Myanmar)

This study examines the Madden-Julian Oscillation's (MJO) impact on pre-monsoon tropical cyclone activity and monsoon evolution in the Bay of Bengal, finding that in some years, the MJO modulates the conditions for cyclones and monsoon onset in Myanmar, which could help predict onset and formation.

3. DeRose et al., International Forestry Review (Inventory-based Tree-ring Data & Pacific Decadal Oscillation)

In the 1980s and 1990s, the U.S. Forest Service collected 11,000 increment cores from the Interior West states for growth model development and biometric analyses. Later, it was found that the finely gridded data could be used to map past climatic patterns with more detail than traditional chronologies. The data confirmed the coupling between wet/dry cycles and Pacific decadal variability.

4. Li et al., Climate Dynamics (Radiation Physics Impacts on Simulating African Monsoon)

Radiation physics schemes in regional climate models produce biases in radiation fluxes, resulting in large bias in precipitation of the West African Monsoon (WAM) and variations in the meridional gradient of surface temperature, leading to differences in the WAM precipitation regime both spatially and in intensity, with inferences for predicted climate change both regionally and globally.

5. Wang et al., GRL (2013-14 California Drought: Anthropogenic Warming Footprint)

The 2013-2014 California drought was caused by an anomalous high-amplitude ridge system, which emerged from Rossby wave energy in the western North Pacific, and the dipole and associated circulation pattern is correlated with an El Niño precursor that has become stronger since the 1970s, indicating a traceable anthropogenic warming footprint.

6. Buckley et al., Quaternary Science Reviews (Monsoon Extremes & Society in Mainland Southeast Asia)

Significant progress has been made in understanding the variable monsoon climate over the latter Holocene, with the Monsoon Asian Drought Atlas and several speleothem records from China and India providing insight into the prolonged droughts and wet episodes that influenced human history.

7. DeRose et al., The Holocene (Tree-ring Reconstruction of Great Salt Lake Level)

A 576-year tree-ring chronology network was developed to reconstruct the Great Salt Lake (GSL) water year level, which showed a 48% correlation with instrumental data from 1876 to 2005 and significant sub-decadal periodicity over six centuries. The study highlights the importance of understanding ocean-atmosphere interactions on precipitation delivery.

8. Zhao et al., Meteorological Applications (A Rare Springtime Bow Echo near Great Salt Lake)

A rare bow echo event in the interior west of the United States on 21 April 2011 was studied using available observations and conducted simulations with the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to understand its development, which could have implications for subsequent regional climate downscaling studies on future extreme weather in the western US.

9. Wang et al., GRL (2011 Missouri River Flood & Pacific QDO)

GRACE satellites detected continued water storage increase over the Missouri River Basin (MRB) before the 2011 flood event. An analysis of hydrologic variables showed marked variability at the 10-15 year timescale, and precipitation over the MRB undergoes a profound modulation during the transition points of the Pacific quasi-decadal oscillation and associated teleconnections, suggesting dry conditions may persist for the next 2-3 years.

10. Huang and Wang, Climate Dynamics (Land-Sea Breezes & Diurnal Rainfall in Taiwan)

The diurnal rainfall in Taiwan is influenced by local forces and the diurnal variation of the large-scale circulation over the East Asia-Western North Pacific. The interaction between two land-sea breeze systems facilitates rainfall, and the post-1998 strengthening of a southerly wind belt intensifies rainfall.

11. Wang et al., Climate Dynamics (Yearly Phase Delay of Intraseasonal Mode in Western U.S.)

Persistent and recurrent flow patterns in the western US modulate precipitation and result in prolonged surface inversion episodes, which occur about a week later every year and reset every 5-7 years due to the interplay between regional intraseasonal flow patterns and the NAO, modulating the occurrence and timing of persistent ridge/trough events.

2013

1. Barandiaran et al., GRL (Great Plains Low-level Jet Changes vs. Central Plains Droughts)

We analyzed the trends of the Great Plains low-level jet (GPLLJ) and associated precipitation, revealing a strengthening and northward expansion of GPLLJ, with precipitation decreasing in the Southern Plains and increasing in the Northern Plains. The study discusses these changes in the context of recent droughts and projected climate for the region, indicating the potential to affect drought patterns.

2. Wang et al., JGR-A (Extreme Precipitation Threat & Circumglobal Teleconnections)

Thunderstorms producing extreme precipitation often involve a coupling of a low-level jet with a synoptic short wave, and are modulated by the circumglobal teleconnection (CGT) in midlatitude regions. A circulation-based index combining the CGT and low-level jet trends was developed, linking them to extreme precipitation events worldwide, with greenhouse gas loadings playing a role. The study provides a method to identify regions at high risk of extreme precipitation events in the future.

3. Barandiaran and Wang, Atmospheric Science Letters (North Atlantic & Sahel Precipitation Teleconnection in CFSv2)

A new study explores the link between atmospheric circulations over the North Atlantic and precipitation over the African Sahel. The analysis shows a circulation wave train connected to the Sahel through Rossby wave dispersion, but the Climate Forecast System version 2 fails to depict the connection.

4. Wang et al., Journal of Climate (Winter Drought in Western Nepal: Causes)

Western Nepal has experienced worsening winter droughts since 2000, with a severe episode in 2008/09. This study showed that they are linked to the Arctic Oscillation and warming of the Indian Ocean, compounded by increased loading of anthropogenic aerosols. Given the declining precipitation and lack of replenishment of groundwater, appropriate water resource management is critical.

5. Wang et al., JGR-A (Changing Tropical Cyclones in Bay of Bengal & Impacts on Myanmar)

The paper analyzes the factors behind the observed intensification of the monsoon trough and associated tropical cyclone activity over the Bay of Bengal in May. Enhanced large-scale monsoon circulation caused by regional warming is identified as the cause for post-1979 increases in pre-monsoon precipitation and TC intensity. Increased aerosol loading and greenhouse gases have contributed to tropospheric warming and a deepening of the monsoon trough.

6. Wang et al., Weather and Forecasting (Quasi-biweekly Mode Influencing Diurnal Rainfall in Taiwan Can Be Forecasted)

Tropical intraseasonal oscillations in the western North Pacific, particularly the quasi-biweekly mode, affect the occurrence of diurnal afternoon convection in Taiwan. Analyzing observations and reanalysis data over 18 summers, it was found that the QBW mode plays a significant role in the formation of episodic diurnal convection. The CFSv2 forecast shows an effective lead time ranging from 16 to 24 days for the QBW mode and diurnal convection episodes in Taiwan.

7. Wang et al., Journal of Climate (WNP Precursor of ENSO in a Warmer Climate)

Study finds strengthening link between winter sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the western North Pacific and the development of ENSO the following year. The correlation has increased since the mid-20th century and is attributed to greenhouse gases. The location of positive SST trends between the subtropical and tropical western Pacific could be influencing low-level circulation, reinforcing the link between the WNP and ENSO.

8. DeRose et al., J. Hydrometeorology (High-density Climate Reconstruction from FIA Tree-ring Data)

New tree-ring data from the US Forest Service's Forest Inventory and Analysis Program are a promising climate proxy. They were tested for temporal and spatial coherence, and found to be highly correlated with water year precipitation and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation dipole.

9. Wang and Gillies, Climate Dynamics (Pacific QDO Modulating Monsoon Precipitation in Nepal)

Nepal's monsoon precipitation is uncorrelated with India's, but the quasi-decadal variability is significant. Using reanalysis and observations, a study found that the Pacific Quasi-Decadal Oscillation (QDO) modulates Nepal's precipitation. Moisture fluxes from the Bay of Bengal interact with the southern Himalayan foothills, modulated through the Pacific QDO with a phase shift of 2 years, which explains the low correlation skill between Nepal precipitation and traditional monsoon indices.

10. Gillies et al., Int. J. Climatology (Empirical Forecast of Monsoon Precipitation in Nepal)

Predicting monsoon precipitation in Nepal is challenging due to its strong quasi-decadal oscillation and lack of correlation with ENSO. This study compares five prediction methods, with the P-AR model using past precipitation data performing the best with a <1 mm/day mean absolute error. Time series models appear to be a better alternative than operational numerical models for precipitation prediction in Nepal.

11. Wen et al., Advances in Atmospheric Sciences (Rain Snow Threshold Temperature & Snow Depth Simulation)

This study examines the effect of rain-snow threshold temperatures on snow depth simulation using the CLM and WRF_CLM models in the French Alps. Results suggest the WRF_CLM is more sensitive to RST temperature changes, which can influence meteorological variables.

2009

1. Wang et al., Geophys. Res. Lett. (NARCCAP Precipitation in the Intermountain Region)

Evaluation of precipitation climatology in the Intermountain Region using NARCCAP's six regional climate models, revealing systematic biases, excessive winter precipitation, and strong annual cycles that may lead to false ENSO signals, necessitating caution when interpreting the results.

2. Wang et al., Geophys. Res. Lett. (Recent Rainfall Cycle in the Intermountain Region)

The study shows a quadrature phase coupling between the 10-20 year cycles of Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and Intermountain Region rainfall, with the rainfall cycle lagging by a quarter phase (3-4 years) due to an anomalous circulation dipole, potentially aiding future climate predictions.

3. Wang et al., Wea. Forecasting (Evaluations of NAM Forecasts & Midtropospheric Perturbation-Induced Convective Storms)

The investigation of forecasting summer convective rainfall over the northern plains attributes underpredicted midtropospheric perturbation vorticity, weak ambient flow, and insufficient atmospheric humidity generation. Position errors are corrected and show improved skill scores; however, precipitation amounts remain underpredicted.

4. Wang and Chen, J. Climate (Late Spring Maximum of Rainfall & Low-Level Jet)

The processes behind the late-spring maximum rainfall over the U.S. central plains were examined. The late-spring baroclinic structure and the Great Plains low-level jet contribute to moisture convergence and convective activity. However, the development of an upper-level anticyclone in July reduces convective activity and rainfall.

5. Chen et al., Wea. Forecasting (Impact of Intraseasonal Variability on Tropical Cyclone Track)

The study explores the influence of Southeast Asian–western North Pacific monsoon circulation on tropical cyclone tracks, revealing that intraseasonal variations and monsoon conditions impact track characteristics, and accurate predictions of these variations may improve tropical cyclone forecasting.

2008, and earlier

1. Chen et al., J. Climate (North Atlantic Hurricanes & African Easterly Waves)

The study investigates the contribution of southern and northern track African easterly waves to North Atlantic tropical cyclones, revealing that southern track waves have a higher conversion rate, with the West African monsoon trough playing a vital role in providing moisture and enhancing vorticity.

2. Wang and Chen, J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol. (Measuring Rainfall Contributions in Taiwan)

The East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) life cycle features active, break, and revival phases, with rainstorms, diurnal convection, and typhoons being the major rainfall contributors in Taiwan, highlighting the importance of understanding these weather systems for climate modeling and water management.

3. Chen et al., Mon. Wea. Rev. (Tropical Cyclones & Easterly Waves in Western North Pacific)

The North Atlantic has a higher percentage of tropical cyclones originating from easterly waves compared to the western North Pacific. The latter has a higher percentage of tropical cyclogeneses due to monsoon gyre formation, and around 25% of easterly waves form tropical cyclones. Over 80% of tropical cyclones in the western North Pacific are found to be formed directly and indirectly from easterly waves.

4. Chen et al., J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol. (Enhancement of Afternoon Thunderstorm Activity)

The summer rainfall maximum in Taipei, Taiwan is largely produced by afternoon/evening thunderstorms on the downwind side and slopes of mountains south of the city, which have increased in frequency due to urbanization, causing temperature rise, rainfall increase, and traffic hazards.

5. Chen et al., Atmospheric Sciences (Summer Monsoon Rainfall in East Asia & Taiwan)

6. Chen et al., Atmospheric Sciences (Variation of Atmospheric Pressure)

7. Chen et al., J. Climate (Interannual Variation of Tropical Cyclone Activity)

8. Chen et al., Tellus (Westward Propagation of Indian Monsoon Depression)

Monsoon depressions propagate westward against monsoon westerlies due to their divergent circulation and the convergence of water vapor transported by the low-level divergent circulation, perpetuated by a vorticity tendency generated by the east–west asymmetric circulation created by the latent heat released by rainfall.

9. Chen et al., J. Climate (Variation of East Asian Summer Monsoon Rainfall)

The study analyzes rainfall variation in the East Asian summer monsoon and the relationship between monsoon circulation and synoptic disturbance activity using four datasets, revealing the monsoon's life cycle and two rainfall maxima in the Japanese monsoon.

10. Chen et al., Wea. Forecasting (Role of Monsoon Gyre in Tropical Cyclone Formation)

11. Chen et al., Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. (Summer Upper-Level Vortex over North Pacific)

12. Chen et al., Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. (Roll Clouds Associated with East Asian Cold Front)