Usgs Streamflow Data Download

Current data typically are recorded at 15- to 60-minute intervals,stored onsite, and then transmitted to USGS offices every 1 to 4hours, depending on the data relay technique used. Recording andtransmission times may be more frequent during critical events. Datafrom current sites are relayed to USGS offices via satellite,telephone, and/or radio telemetry and are available for viewing within minutesof arrival.

The next screen that loads shows the available parameter for the site and the period of record available for download. Note that the output format can be changed to include statistics or site measurements on the graph. A table of data and a file of tab-separated can also be selected. The tab-separated file can be imported to an analysis program, such as Excel, Access, or S-Plus for other analyses. Note, the screen captures below show the various outputs available.

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Click on Statewide Streamflow Table. You will get a list of gaging stations, identified by name and number, where streamflow is continually monitored. Also listed are current available data from each station. These data usually include gage height, streamflow, and a value for comparison--such as the average streamflow for that day. How do I interpret gage heights and streamflows?

For most stations, you will get a graph like the one below, which shows 7 days of current condition discharge (streamflow) data and historical data (median daily streamflows) for this station on the Cimarron River in New Mexico:

For more data, change the default 7 days to a number up to the number of days wanted, or enter a begin and end date, and click GO to get data. Current condition streamflow data are available since October 1, 2007, and will include the entire period of record starting in late 2012 or early 2013. See system news for an announcement.

This site serves USGS water data via automated means using web services and extensible markup language (XML),as well as other popular media types. Services are invoked with the REST protocol. These services designed forhigh fault tolerance and very high availability.

Retrieve daily, monthly or annual statistics for sites. Statistics are provided on approved data only fortime-series sites. Statistics are available for any parameter on these sites with approved data.

Retrieve historical manually-recorded groundwater levels from hydrologic sites served by the USGS. (If youare looking to retrieve data for real-time or historical groundwater levels recorded on a regular basisusing automated equipment, please use the instantaneous values web service.)

Interested in historical summarized daily data about our nation's streams, lakes and wells? This serviceprovides a wealth of historical water data. Daily data available for USGS water sites include mean, median,maximum, minimum, and/or other derived values.

The USGS and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) each collect vast amounts of water qualitydata. A jointly developed web service allows you to retrieve data for millions of quality checked waterquality samples and results.

This step demonstrates how to download the United States Geological Survey's (USGS) annual peak streamflow data recorded at a USGS gauging station in the United States. In this step, the students will use the gauging station number 03335500, which represents the USGS gauge located at Wabash River at Lafayette, Indiana. Generally, a minimum time period of 30 years is considered ideal for flood frequency analysis and therefore, the annual peak streamflow data from 1981 to 2015 is used in this step.

Screenshot of NWIS Interface in the United States Geological Survey Website for current streamflow conditionsProvenance: Siddharth Saksena, Purdue University-Main Campus

Reuse: This item is offered under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license -nc-sa/3.0/ You may reuse this item for non-commercial purposes as long as you provide attribution and offer any derivative works under a similar license.

From the 'output formats', select tab separated file option. A file with information on the annual peak streamflow will open up. Select the entire data on the new page and copy in a notepad file and save the file as USGS03335500. For more information on downloading data from USGS website, please refer to

Screenshot of notepad image after downloading oeak streamflow from NWISProvenance: Siddharth Saksena, Purdue University-Main Campus

Now, open MS excel and in a blank workbook, select the 'Data' tab and click on the 'From Text' option. In the new window, select the notepad file USGS03335500 and click on 'Import'. The MS Excel window will open up a text import wizard that allows importing data from text files in a specific format. Select 'Delimited' in Step 1 and click on Next as shown below:

Screenshot of MS excel text import wizard after downloading Peak streamflow from NWISProvenance: Siddharth Saksena, Purdue University-Main Campus

In the step 2, click on 'Tab' in the delimiters menu and click on Next. Click on Finish. Select the first cell of the workbook to import the data in the next window and save the excel workbook as 'USGS03335500'. After saving the excel workbook, select the data in the columns named 'peak_dt' and 'peak_va' and delete everything else. Rename the tab 'peak_dt' as 'Time' and 'peak_va' as 'Annual Peak Streamflow (cfs)'. Here, 'cfs' refers to cubic feet per second which is the unit for measurement of streamflow. Now, delete all the data prior to 1981 from both the columns to only include 35 years of data in the excel sheet.

Screenshot of MS excel text import wizard after downloading oeak streamflow from NWISProvenance: Siddharth Saksena, Purdue University-Main Campus

Beginning with Water Year 2006 and ending with Water Year 2013, annual water data reports were made available as individual electronic Site Data Sheets for the entire Nation for retrieval, download, and localized printing on demand. Over that time, NWISWeb capabilities have become more comprehensive. Building on these capabilities, USGS has moved the Site Data Sheet functions into NWISWeb. As of 2014, NWISWeb now provides an on-demand, print-ready Water-Year Summary as an annual water-data product.

Real-time data from USGS monitoring locations are transmitted via satellite or other telemetry to USGS offices at various intervals; in most cases, once every hour. Emergency transmissions, such as during floods, may be more frequent. Notifications will be based on the data received at these site-dependent intervals.

This map shows percentage changes in the minimum annual streamflow for rivers and streams across the country, based on the long-term rate of change from 1940 to 2018. Minimum streamflow is based on the consecutive seven-day period with the lowest average flow during a given year.

This map shows percentage changes in the maximum annual streamflow for rivers and streams across the country, based on the long-term rate of change from 1940 to 2018. Maximum streamflow is based on the consecutive three-day period with the highest average flow during a given year.

This map shows percentage changes in the annual average streamflow for rivers and streams across the country, based on the long-term rate of change from 1940 to 2018. This map is based on daily streamflow measurements, averaged over the entire year.

This map shows changes in the number of days with very low streamflow for rivers and streams across the country, from 1940 to 2018. This map is based on the number of daily flow values below the 2-percentile flow (Q2) threshold. Positive trends (upward brown triangles) indicate an increase in the number of days per year at or below the Q2 threshold (drier conditions); negative trends (downward blue triangles) indicate a trend toward fewer very low flow days (wetter conditions).

Streamflow is a measure of the rate at which water is carried by rivers and streams, and it represents a critical resource for people and the environment. Changes in streamflow can directly influence the supply of drinking water and the amount of water available for irrigating crops, generating electricity, and other needs. In addition, many plants and animals depend on streamflow for habitat and survival.

Streamflow naturally varies over the course of a year. For example, rivers and streams in many parts of the country have their highest flow when snow melts in the spring and their lowest flow in late summer. The amount of streamflow is important because very high flows can cause erosion and damaging floods, while very low flows can diminish water quality, harm fish, and reduce the amount of water available for people to use. The timing of high flow is important because it affects the ability of reservoir managers to store water to meet needs later in the year. In addition, some plants and animals (such as fish that migrate) depend on a particular pattern of streamflow as part of their life cycles.

Climate change can affect streamflow in several ways. Changes in the amount of spring snowpack (see the Snowpack indicator) and air temperatures that influence melting can alter the size and timing of high spring streamflows. More precipitation is expected to cause higher average streamflow in some places, while heavier storms (see the Heavy Precipitation indicator) could lead to larger peak flows. More frequent or severe droughts, however, could reduce streamflow in certain areas. 17dc91bb1f