Stars are not static objects. Instead, a variety of waves propagate inside them, causing stars to oscillate much like vibrating soap bubbles. These oscillations produce tiny variations in stellar brightness that can be detected with precise photometric observations. The frequencies of the waves are shaped by the physical conditions inside the star, giving us a unique opportunity to probe the deep stellar interior.

If one component of a binary system pulsates, it provides several additional opportunities for study. 

(1) Stable p-mode pulsations can reveal periodic phase variations caused by orbital motion, offering a powerful and inexpensive alternative to traditional radial-velocity searches for binaries. Using this method, hundreds of phase-modulated binaries have already been discovered. 

(2) Asteroseismology can also independently measure internal stellar rotation, allowing us to study the impact of tidal forces on stellar spin. In addition, the dynamical parameters of binary stars provide valuable constraints for asteroseismic modelling, helping us probe physical processes inside stars.

Stars often form clusters, where many stars are born from the same molecular cloud and therefore share a common age and chemical composition. These properties provide powerful constraints for stellar physics. Traditionally, cluster ages and stellar masses can be estimated by fitting colour–magnitude diagrams. Using time-series photometry from space telescopes, we have identified many pulsating stars in clusters, enabling cluster-asteroseismology synergistic research. Combining cluster properties with asteroseismic measurements allows us to place strong constraints on stellar evolution models.