As the programs we use in astronomy are run made such they run on linux based operating systems, unfortunately you won't be able to run things on a windows operating system. One either needs to have a mac operating system (which is linux based) or linux operating system such as ubuntu. Ubuntu is free operating system and can be downloaded here: https://www.ubuntu.com/. There are other linux operating systems but this is the best one to use.
You can install ubuntu in three ways:
You can completely remove windows and just install ubuntu as your main operating system. You can following the installation here: https://tutorials.ubuntu.com/tutorial/tutorial-install-ubuntu-desktop#0
You make room for Ubuntu on your hard drive in something called a new partition. If you do this, when you turn on your laptop, you can choose between running Ubuntu or Windows. You can search in google how to do this using "Ubuntu dual boot with windows"and you will find examples of how to do this like: https://itsfoss.com/install-ubuntu-dual-boot-mode-windows/
If you have enough memory (RAM) you can install ubuntu in windows using something called a virtual box. Essentially you will have a "virtual computer" that runs Ubuntu within windows. Again you can google how to do this but here is an example of how you can install it here:https://medium.com/@tushar0618/install-ubuntu-16-04-lts-on-virtual-box-desktop-version-30dc6f1958d0. You can also follow: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QbmRXJJKsvs which goes through the steps of what you need to do or you can google "installing ubuntu as a virtual box".
Cassidy Mihalenko put together an very nice guide on how to install Ubuntu using a virtual box. You can see this here: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1w4PwX95sztzADbVjkmpjOkd-iMw-Sf13dbI-slptTTo/edit?usp=sharing
For both options 2 and 3 you will need at least 40-50 GB of disk space to be able to install it and also make sure you perform a back up of your system and files before you do this. The easiest way to install ubuntu will be option 3.
It is important to learn the basics of terminals in Unix based systems as you will use these a lot.
Here is a quick guide: https://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~ipasha/python/unix_full.pdf
Here is a more detailed guide: http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Teaching/Unix/
Sometimes you will also need to edit text in the terminal and one can use vim or emacs.
Here is a guide to using vim: https://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~ipasha/python/vim.pdf