• 1942: Earliest documented use of CCTV technology [4]

  • Used in Germany to monitor V-2 rockets (long-range ballistic missiles) [4]

• 1949: The first commercially available CCTV systems [4]

  • Manufactured by Vericon

• 1973: The first ever call from a hand-held device was made [2]

• 1979: The first portable computer- named the Grid Compass, is designed by William Moggridge for the Grid Systems Corporation [3]

  • It was used by NASA, part of the space shuttle program

• 1981: The Osborne 1 is released, widely considered to be the first truly portable computer [3]

• 1983: First ever "mobile phone" is released to the public, when Motorola released the DynaTAC, retailing for approximately $4,000 [2]

• May 1983: US engineer Manny Fernandez claims his machines to be the first "laptop" computers [3]

• 1990's: Digital multiplexing becomes available to the public [4]

  • This allowed video signals from several CCTV cameras to be viewed at once, viewed on a single monitor [4]

  • Color cameras improve greatly during this time as well [4]

• October 1988: The NEC UltraLite is released, considered to be the first "notebook" style computer [3]

• October 1991: Apple releases the Macintosh PowerBook 100, 140, and 170 [3]

• Early 2000's: Nokia releases the Nokia 6000 series [2]

  • Samsung also releases the SPH-I300 around this same time.

• 2000's-2010's: CCTV transitions into the digital age [4]

  • Recording moved from VCR to HDD [4]

  • Devices moved onto networks, moving away from "closed circuit" solutions [4]

  • Software relaced push-button interfaces [4]

  • Video feed could be accessed from anywhere [4]

• 2002: Dark web is created [1]

• November 2002: Sprint releases the first ever camera phone, the Sanyo SCP-5300 [2]

  • The phone could capture images at 640 x 480 pixels [2]

• August 2003: Skype is released.

  • Peer-to-peer and client-server system.

• February 2004: Facebook is released.

• 2004: The RAZR is released [2]

• September 2005: eBay acquires Skype for $2.6 billion.

• 2007: The first ever iPhone is released! [2]

• January 2009: Bitcoin is created.

• May 2010: The first commercial transaction using bitcoin occurs

  • ₿10,000 is spent on two Papa John's pizzas.

• July 2010: Facebook reaches 500 million active users.

• May 2011: Microsoft buys Skype for $8.5 billion.

  • Uses it as a replacement for Windows Live Messenger.

• May 2012: Skype becomes powered by Microsoft supernodes.

• May 2012: Facebook has its initial public offering

  • At a share price of US$38

• October 2012: Facebook reaches one billion active users.

• 2017: Skype changes from peer-to-peer to a centralized Azure-based service.

References:

Author, Title, (Publisher, Date), URL (Access Date)

1. Everything You Should Know About the Dark Web, (Tulane University, 2022), https://sopa.tulane.edu/blog/everything-you-should-know-about-dark-web#:~:text=The%20dark%20web%20is%20known,communicate%20and%20share%20files%20online. (Oct. 9, 2022).

2. Dyroff, C. (2018, July 25). Here’s how much cellphones have actually changed over the years. Insider. https://www.insider.com/the-history-of-the-cellphone-2018-7

3. https://www.facebook.com/thoughtcodotcom. (2019). Learn Who Invented the Laptop Computer. ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-laptop-computers-4066247

4. Fisher, D. (2021, January 20). The Evolution of Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) Systems. Vector Security Networks. https://vectorsecuritynetworks.com/the-evolution-of-closed-circuit-television-cctv-systems/#:~:text=In%201949%2C%20the%20first%20commercially