Unbiased Stereology

Unbiased Stereology

Three Dimensional Measurement in Microscopy

C.V. Howard  &  M.G. Reed

This book is a simple and practical guide to making unbiased 3-D measurements of microstructure via the microscope. It is not full of complex mathematics and is of use to biologists, toxicologists, pathologists, geologists and materials scientists. The techniques presented, which are statistical in nature, are tried and  tested, and presented in a clear didactic style. Exercises, together with detailed worked answers are provided. The second edition, published in 2005, had three new chapters covering single object stereology, 'Petrimetrics’, or the application of survey sampling techniques to in vitro experiments, and second order stereology for local measures of spatial organisation. Unbiased stereology has been requested for nerve cell counts in neurotoxicology by the United States Food & Drug Administration, and is now being required by many journals as a condition of acceptance for research articles. This book has been continuously in print since 1998 and has more than 2,000 citations. 

We published a 20th Anniversary reprint of the second edition in 2018.