Working Papers
Under Review
Abstract: I estimate the causal impact of commuting time on students' academic effort and performance. Using novel administrative transportation data from North Carolina and idiosyncratic variation in bus route assignments, I show that longer bus commutes worsen student outcomes. A one standard deviation (21.5-minute) increase in morning commuting time leads to a 2.6 percent increase in the likelihood of being suspended, a 0.01 s.d. decrease in math and reading test scores, and a 0.02 s.d. decrease in ACT score. Time use patterns suggest students and adults respond similarly when faced with long commutes---sacrificing sleep and potentially diminishing their productivity.
(with Rene Crespin)
Abstract: This paper provides the first national empirical evidence on the impacts of race-neutral affirmative action (AA) admissions policies in academically selective public high schools (ASHSs). The adoption of race-neutral AA policies increases low-income enrollment shares by 14 percentage points (40%) and underrepresented minority (URM) enrollment shares by 6.5 percentage points (28%). Average test score declines from these policies are modest: treated schools experience a reduction of only 0.1 sd in ACT/SAT scores. 2SLS estimates imply that a 10 percentage point increase in free lunch or URM enrollment reduces average test scores by about 0.2 sd, closely mirroring predictions from simulation-based studies.