1. Limited long-term stability
2. Biocapabilities of materials
3. Integrable in medical implants
1. Insert bimetal NPs serve as enzyme holder in the catalyst layer
→ deposition of non-poisoned activation site
2. Using non toxic materials as package structure
→ improve biocabilities
1., 3. Applying micro-synthesis processes (semiconductor package tech.)
→ avoiding Fermentation of Enzyme by the bacteria contamination
Spontaneous Direct Glucose Fuel Cell