Put simply, a variable star is a star that changes in brightness. The change in brightness can occur over any span of time, whether it be thousandths of a second, or over tens of years. The first variable star was discovered by David Fabricius in 1596. Omicron Ceti, the identified star, pulsates every eleven months. Just a few decades later, the second variable star was found in 1669 by Geminiano Monanari. This particular star, Algol, was an eclipsing variable. Now in the modern day, there have been over 100,000 variable stars recognized, and thousands more suspected ones.
Despite the fact that only 9,096 stars are visible in the night sky, there are approximately 100 thousand million stars in the Milky Way galaxy alone.
Our Sun is actually a dwarf average star. Despite the yellow hue of the star on Earth, the sun is actually white. Once our Sun has run out of hydrogen, it will transition onto its next stage: the red giant. Slowly the Sun will become unstable and cooler as it would stop producing heat.
Betelgeuse is a red supergiant star that is one of the brightest stars that we can see in our night sky. In 2019, the star's shine suddenly began dimming and became only half as bright in February 2020. Astronomers believed that the star is amid a supernova. However, Betelgeuse has now returned to its normal shine, and astronomers noted that stars throw off clouds of dark dust as they progress through their cycle, which affected the light shone from Earth.